MigraineACT-IMNCT01775852
Brief Behavioral Intervention for Comorbid Migraine and Depression
A study testing ACT-IM in people with Migraine and Depression, run by Lilian N. Dindo at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this research study is to examine whether a one-day group workshop, integrating principles from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with Migraine Education, will result in improvements in depressive symptoms and functioning impairment in patients with comorbid migraine and depression. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 75 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Migraine, Depression
- What is being tested?
- ACT-IM
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 45 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Aug 2010to Aug 2013
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 75 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Age 18-75
- 4 to 12 migraines in the previous month
- Major or Minor Depression
- English-speaking
Who cannot join
- Patients with other major psychiatric disorders such as bipolor disorder, schizophrenia, and current illicit drug use.
- Patients with major head injuries.
- Patients with serious medical illnesses.
- Patients who have started a new medication in previous 4 weeks or plan on starting a new medication in the next 4 weeks.
- Patients expressing significant suicidal ideation.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics
Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
About this study
Official title: Brief, Behavioral Intervention of ACT & Illness Management for Comorbid Migraine and Depression
The purpose of this research study is to examine whether a one-day group workshop, integrating principles from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with Migraine Education, will result in improvements in depressive symptoms and functioning impairment in patients with comorbid migraine and depression.
Read the detailed description
Migraine affects approximately 35 million US residents (Bigal \& Lipton, 2009) and is associated with excruciating headache and marked functional impairment. Epidemiological and clinical research has shown that people with migraine suffer from psychiatric disorders at a disproportionately higher rate than individuals without. Depression, in particular, is 3-5 times more common in migraine patients than in non-migraineurs. The comorbidity of depression and migraine is a major health concern as it results in poorer prognosis, remission rate, and response to treatment. In addition, an increase in the severity of migraine is associated with a parallel rise in the severity and treatment resistance of comorbid depression.
Recent research in behavioral medicine suggests that the pain experience per se does not necessarily lead to depression or impairment. Instead, it is the preoccupation with avoiding aversive stimuli associated with pain (i.e., activities, places, movements) that results in depression and disability (e.g., McCracken et al., 2005). Therefore, given that patients with migraine and/or depression exhibit more avoidance behaviors and lower activity levels than healthy controls (e.g., Stronks et al., 2004), an intervention aimed at optimizing willingness and acceptance and minimizing behavioral avoidance may be beneficial at improving both their depression and migraine and, consequently, their daily functioning.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an empirically based behavioral therapy that incorporates acceptance and mindfulness strategies with behavioral change strategies. ACT (in group and in individual settings) is effective in treating psychiatric disorders commonly associated with migraine, including depression, anxiety, and stress (e.g., Hayes, 2001) as well as chronic illnesses like pain and diabetes (Dahl et al, 2004; Gregg et al., 2006). Importantly, ACT resulted in positive long-term outcomes even when presented in brief form. For example, a two-day ACT workshop, in a group setting, led to improvements in depression and distress experienced by parents of children diagnosed with autism and these gains were retained 3 months later. Parents also exhibited a reduction in avoidance behaviors (Blackledge \& Hayes, 2006).
- Conditions
- Migraine, Depression
- Being tested
- ACT-IM
- Keywords
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Depression, Illness Management, Behavioral treatment, Impairment
- Medical subject headings
- Migraine Disorders, Depression
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
ACT-IMBehavioural
Also called Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Illness Management
1 hour discussion about migraine management (IM) and 5 hours of group therapy based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). IM covers symptoms and triggers for worsening of migraine symptoms, how to use migraine medications, medication overuse headache, etc. The ACT intervention includes: 1) Behavioral Change Training and; 2) Mindfulness and Acceptance Training emphasizing new ways of managing troubling thoughts, feelings, and physical sensations.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| ACT-IM | Active comparator | The ACT-IM arm is a brief, one-day intervention that includes two components: 1) Illness Management for Migraine and, 2) Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for emotional difficulties that go along with, or are exacerbated by migraine. Receives: Behavioral: ACT-IM |
| Waitlist/Treatment as Usual | No intervention | The Waitlist/Treatment as Usual (WL/TAU)condition completes the same assessments as the active treatment group but does not undergo the active treatment (workshop) until after the 12-week follow-up visit. At that point, the WL/TAU participants are given the opportunity to join a treatment workshop. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Mean Change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) From Baseline to 12 Week Follow-up
The HAM-D is a structured clinical interview for assessing depression severity. Outcome measure will be change from Baseline in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale at 12 week (3 month) follow-up from baseline.
Measure is scored by adding individual items and attaining an overall severity score. Scores range from 0 to 53, with higher values signifying a higher level of depression severity (and thus a worse outcome). A score of 0-7 is generally accepted to be within the normal range (or in clinical remission), while a score of 20 or higher (indicating at least moderate severity) is usually required for entry into a clinical trial.
Measured: 12 week change from baseline
Secondary outcomes (3)
Mean Change Score in HDI (Headache Disability Inventory) From Baseline to 12 Weeks.
The HDI is useful in assessing the impact of headache, and its treatment, on daily living. 25 self-report items are rated with answers as "Yes" (4 points), "Sometimes" (2 Points), and "No" (0 points). All items are then added together to create an overall score which can range from 0 (no impact), to 100 (severe impact) of headache on daily life.
A 29 point change (95% confidence interval) or greater in the total score from test to retest must occur before the change can be attributed to treatment effects.
Measured: 12 week change from baseline
Mean Change on Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) From Baseline to 12 Week Follow-up.
The Short Form (36) Health Survey is a 36-item, patient-reported survey of patient health.
The SF-36 consists of eight scaled scores, which are the weighted sums of the questions in their section. Each scale is directly transformed into a 0-100 scale on the assumption that each question carries equal weight. The lower the score the more disability. The higher the score the less disability i.e., a score of zero is equivalent to maximum disability and a score of 100 is equivalent to no disability.
Measured: Change at 12 week follow-up from baseline
Mean Change of World Health Organization Disability Assessment (WHO-DAS) From Baseline to 12-week Follow up.
The WHODAS contains 36 items on functioning and disability with a recall period of 30 days covering 7 domains: Understanding and Communicating (6 items), Getting around (5 items), Self-care (4 items), Getting along with others (5 items), Life activities: household (4 items), Life activities: work/school (4 items), and Participation in society (8 items). Response options go from 1 (no difficulty) to 5 (extreme difficulty or can not do).
WHODAS domain scores are computed for each domain by adding the item responses together. A global score is then computed by summing all domains together, and transforming them into a range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating higher levels of disability (0= no disability, 100= full disability).
Measured: Change at 12 week follow-up from baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Jan 2013 (estimated)
- Study startAug 2010
- Primary completionMay 2012
- Study completionAug 2013
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for MigraineStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 45 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Lilian N. Dindo
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Lilian N. Dindo, University of Iowa
- Investigators
- Lilian Dindo, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Iowa
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01775852
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 201004763
- Other IDs
- ICTS-01
- Acronym
- ACT-IM
- Status last verified
- Jan 2018
- First submitted
- 9 Jan 2012
- Last updated
- 22 Feb 2018
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Bigal ME, Lipton RB. The epidemiology, burden, and comorbidities of migraine. Neurol Clin. 2009 May;27(2):321-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2008.11.011.
PubMed 19289218Breslau N, Lipton RB, Stewart WF, Schultz LR, Welch KM. Comorbidity of migraine and depression: investigating potential etiology and prognosis. Neurology. 2003 Apr 22;60(8):1308-12. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000058907.41080.54.
PubMed 12707434Blackledge, J.T. & Hayes, S.C. Using Acceptance and Commitment Training in the support of parents of children diagnosed with Autism. Child and Family Behavior Therapy. 2006;28(1):1-18.
Dahl, J., Wilson, K.G., Nilsson, A. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and the treatment of persons at risk for long-term disability resulting from stress and pain symptoms: A preliminary randomized trial. Behavior Therapy. 2004;35:785-801.
Gregg JA, Callaghan GM, Hayes SC, Glenn-Lawson JL. Improving diabetes self-management through acceptance, mindfulness, and values: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2007 Apr;75(2):336-43. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.75.2.336.
PubMed 17469891Hayes SC. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Relational Frame Theory, and the Third Wave of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies - Republished Article. Behav Ther. 2016 Nov;47(6):869-885. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2016.11.006. Epub 2016 Nov 10.
PubMed 27993338Lake AE 3rd, Rains JC, Penzien DB, Lipchik GL. Headache and psychiatric comorbidity: historical context, clinical implications, and research relevance. Headache. 2005 May;45(5):493-506. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.05101.x.
PubMed 15953266Lundgren T, Dahl J, Melin L, Kies B. Evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy for drug refractory epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial in South Africa--a pilot study. Epilepsia. 2006 Dec;47(12):2173-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00892.x.
PubMed 17201719McCracken LM, Vowles KE, Eccleston C. Acceptance-based treatment for persons with complex, long standing chronic pain: a preliminary analysis of treatment outcome in comparison to a waiting phase. Behav Res Ther. 2005 Oct;43(10):1335-46. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2004.10.003. Epub 2005 Jan 7.
PubMed 16086984Stronks DL, Tulen JH, Bussmann JB, Mulder LJ, Passchier J. Interictal daily functioning in migraine. Cephalalgia. 2004 Apr;24(4):271-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2004.00661.x.
PubMed 15030535
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 22 Feb 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Brief, Behavioral Intervention of ACT & Illness Management for Comorbid Migraine and Depression
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01775852
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ACT-IM / 201004763
- Conditions
- Migraine, Depression
- Keywords
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Depression, Illness Management, Behavioral treatment, Impairment
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 45 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Lilian N. DindoUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Aug 2010
- Primary completion
- May 2012 (actual)
- Study completion
- Aug 2013 (actual)
- First posted
- 25 Jan 2013 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 17 Sep 2015
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this research study is to examine whether a one-day group workshop, integrating principles from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with Migraine Education, will result in improvements in depressive symptoms and functioning impairment in patients with comorbid migraine and depression.
Detailed description
Migraine affects approximately 35 million US residents (Bigal \& Lipton, 2009) and is associated with excruciating headache and marked functional impairment. Epidemiological and clinical research has shown that people with migraine suffer from psychiatric disorders at a disproportionately higher rate than individuals without. Depression, in particular, is 3-5 times more common in migraine patients than in non-migraineurs. The comorbidity of depression and migraine is a major health concern as it results in poorer prognosis, remission rate, and response to treatment. In addition, an increase in the severity of migraine is associated with a parallel rise in the severity and treatment resistance of comorbid depression.
Recent research in behavioral medicine suggests that the pain experience per se does not necessarily lead to depression or impairment. Instead, it is the preoccupation with avoiding aversive stimuli associated with pain (i.e., activities, places, movements) that results in depression and disability (e.g., McCracken et al., 2005). Therefore, given that patients with migraine and/or depression exhibit more avoidance behaviors and lower activity levels than healthy controls (e.g., Stronks et al., 2004), an intervention aimed at optimizing willingness and acceptance and minimizing behavioral avoidance may be beneficial at improving both their depression and migraine and, consequently, their daily functioning.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an empirically based behavioral therapy that incorporates acceptance and mindfulness strategies with behavioral change strategies. ACT (in group and in individual settings) is effective in treating psychiatric disorders commonly associated with migraine, including depression, anxiety, and stress (e.g., Hayes, 2001) as well as chronic illnesses like pain and diabetes (Dahl et al, 2004; Gregg et al., 2006). Importantly, ACT resulted in positive long-term outcomes even when presented in brief form. For example, a two-day ACT workshop, in a group setting, led to improvements in depression and distress experienced by parents of children diagnosed with autism and these gains were retained 3 months later. Parents also exhibited a reduction in avoidance behaviors (Blackledge \& Hayes, 2006).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| ACT-IM | Active comparator | Behavioral: ACT-IMThe ACT-IM arm is a brief, one-day intervention that includes two components: 1) Illness Management for Migraine and, 2) Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for emotional difficulties that go along with, or are exacerbated by migraine. |
| Waitlist/Treatment as Usual | No intervention | –The Waitlist/Treatment as Usual (WL/TAU)condition completes the same assessments as the active treatment group but does not undergo the active treatment (workshop) until after the 12-week follow-up visit. At that point, the WL/TAU participants are given the opportunity to join a treatment workshop. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 75 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Age 18-75
- 4 to 12 migraines in the previous month
- Major or Minor Depression
- English-speaking
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Patients with other major psychiatric disorders such as bipolor disorder, schizophrenia, and current illicit drug use.
- Patients with major head injuries.
- Patients with serious medical illnesses.
- Patients who have started a new medication in previous 4 weeks or plan on starting a new medication in the next 4 weeks.
- Patients expressing significant suicidal ideation.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| ACT-IMAlso: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Illness Management1 hour discussion about migraine management (IM) and 5 hours of group therapy based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). IM covers symptoms and triggers for worsening of migraine symptoms, how to use migraine medications, medication overuse headache, etc. The ACT intervention includes: 1) Behavioral Change Training and; 2) Mindfulness and Acceptance Training emphasizing new ways of managing troubling thoughts, feelings, and physical sensations. | Behavioural | ACT-IM |
Primary outcome
Mean Change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) From Baseline to 12 Week Follow-up
Time frame: 12 week change from baseline
The HAM-D is a structured clinical interview for assessing depression severity. Outcome measure will be change from Baseline in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale at 12 week (3 month) follow-up from baseline. Measure is scored by adding individual items and attaining an overall severity score. Scores range from 0 to 53, with higher values signifying a higher level of depression severity (and thus a worse outcome). A score of 0-7 is generally accepted to be within the normal range (or in clinical remission), while a score of 20 or higher (indicating at least moderate severity) is usually required for entry into a clinical trial.
3 secondary outcomes
Mean Change Score in HDI (Headache Disability Inventory) From Baseline to 12 Weeks.
Time frame: 12 week change from baseline
Mean Change on Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) From Baseline to 12 Week Follow-up.
Time frame: Change at 12 week follow-up from baseline
Mean Change of World Health Organization Disability Assessment (WHO-DAS) From Baseline to 12-week Follow up.
Time frame: Change at 12 week follow-up from baseline
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 22 Feb 2018.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 19289218Bigal ME, Lipton RB. The epidemiology, burden, and comorbidities of migraine. Neurol Clin. 2009 May;27(2):321-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2008.11.011.
- Background: PubMed 12707434Breslau N, Lipton RB, Stewart WF, Schultz LR, Welch KM. Comorbidity of migraine and depression: investigating potential etiology and prognosis. Neurology. 2003 Apr 22;60(8):1308-12. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000058907.41080.54.
- BackgroundBlackledge, J.T. & Hayes, S.C. Using Acceptance and Commitment Training in the support of parents of children diagnosed with Autism. Child and Family Behavior Therapy. 2006;28(1):1-18.
- BackgroundDahl, J., Wilson, K.G., Nilsson, A. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and the treatment of persons at risk for long-term disability resulting from stress and pain symptoms: A preliminary randomized trial. Behavior Therapy. 2004;35:785-801.
- Background: PubMed 17469891Gregg JA, Callaghan GM, Hayes SC, Glenn-Lawson JL. Improving diabetes self-management through acceptance, mindfulness, and values: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2007 Apr;75(2):336-43. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.75.2.336.
- Background: PubMed 27993338Hayes SC. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Relational Frame Theory, and the Third Wave of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies - Republished Article. Behav Ther. 2016 Nov;47(6):869-885. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2016.11.006. Epub 2016 Nov 10.
- Background: PubMed 15953266Lake AE 3rd, Rains JC, Penzien DB, Lipchik GL. Headache and psychiatric comorbidity: historical context, clinical implications, and research relevance. Headache. 2005 May;45(5):493-506. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.05101.x.
- Background: PubMed 17201719Lundgren T, Dahl J, Melin L, Kies B. Evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy for drug refractory epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial in South Africa--a pilot study. Epilepsia. 2006 Dec;47(12):2173-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00892.x.
- Background: PubMed 16086984McCracken LM, Vowles KE, Eccleston C. Acceptance-based treatment for persons with complex, long standing chronic pain: a preliminary analysis of treatment outcome in comparison to a waiting phase. Behav Res Ther. 2005 Oct;43(10):1335-46. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2004.10.003. Epub 2005 Jan 7.
- Background: PubMed 15030535Stronks DL, Tulen JH, Bussmann JB, Mulder LJ, Passchier J. Interictal daily functioning in migraine. Cephalalgia. 2004 Apr;24(4):271-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2004.00661.x.
- Online, screening survey.Link provided by the sponsor.
- University of Iowa Hospitals \& ClinicsLink provided by the sponsor.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Lilian Dindo, PhD principal investigator
University of Iowa
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing ACT-IM in people with Migraine and Depression, run by Lilian N. Dindo at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 22 Feb 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 17 Sep 2015). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Mean Change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) From Baseline to 12 Week Follow-up (time frame: 12 week change from baseline). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01775852, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 22 Feb 2018.