SmokingNCT01789710
Contingency Management for Smoking Cessation in Homeless Smokers
A study testing Bupropion, Nicotine replacement therapy and Contingency Management in people with Smoking and Homeless Persons, run by Duke University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of an internet-based contingency management program for smoking cessation in persons who are homeless. Thirty homeless smokers will be enrolled in the study. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 70 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Smoking, Homeless Persons
- What is being tested?
- Bupropion, Nicotine replacement therapy and Contingency Management
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 25 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Jan 2013to Sep 2014
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- must be a Veteran who is eligible for care within the VA system;
- must be currently homeless or have been homeless more than twice in the past year period;
- must have current smoking status of at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least 1 year (verified with breath carbon monoxidemeasurement);
- must be aged 18 to 70;
- must be English speaker
Who cannot join
- Pregnancy;
- Any substance use disorder in any of the following drug categories: opioids, cocaine, alcohol, sedatives, stimulants, hallucinogens, or drugs categorized as "other" per the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV.
- Urine drug screen results positive for cocaine, amphetamines, stimulants, opioids, or hallucinogens;
- Not stable on medications for the study period;
- Use of any other forms of nicotine such as cigars, pipes, or chewing tobacco;
- Participants may be excluded if they have a seizure disorder, uncontrolled diabetes or an eating disorder;
- Prior history of hepatitis or cirrhosis; current hepatitis or cirrhosis
- Score less than 80 on Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of an internet-based contingency management program for smoking cessation in persons who are homeless. Thirty homeless smokers will be enrolled in the study. Participants will receive payment based on their own low carbon monoxide readings, which indicate being quit from smoking. Participants will be prescribed nicotine replacement (patches and either gum or lozenge)and bupropion. All participants will receive a four sessions of smoking cessation counseling, and will be trained to perform carbon monoxide monitoring with a device provided by the study. They will also be provided with a mobile phone equipped with a video camera, and will use this equipment at home to monitor their carbon monoxide . Participants will record videos of themselves taking a carbon monoxide reading and displaying the results, and will upload the videos to a secured website that is only accessible by the research team members and the participant. Payment will be based on providing carbon monoxide readings that indicate abstinence.
The study is designed to address the following aims:
Read more
Specific Aim 1: To evaluate whether it is feasible to use internet-based contingency management for helping smokers who are homeless stop smoking.
Specific Aim 2: To evaluate how effective internet-based contingency managementis on decreasing smoking in smokers who are homeless.
- Conditions
- Smoking, Homeless Persons
- Being tested
- Bupropion, Nicotine replacement therapy, Contingency Management
- Keywords
- smoking, homelessness, contingency management
- Medical subject headings
- Smoking
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
BupropionDrug
Also called Zyban
All participants who are medically eligible to take Bupropion will receive this study medication one week prior to their smoking quit date.
Nicotine replacement therapyDrug
Also called Nicoderm CQ, Nicotine patch, Nicotine polacrilex, nicotine gum, Nicotine lozenge
All participants will receive two forms of nicotine replacement therapy - nicotine patches and a rescue method (either gum or lozenge).
Contingency ManagementBehavioural
All participants will be asked to provide home carbon monoxide monitoring with equipment that is loaned to them. When participants provide readings that are low enough to suggest abstinence from smoking, they are provided monetary reinforcement (i.e., money).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Active Contingency Management | Experimental | All participants are assigned to a single arm, active contingency management. In this arm, participants are provided monetary rewards for remaining abstinent from smoking. Receives: Drug: Bupropion; Drug: Nicotine replacement therapy; Behavioral: Contingency Management |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Breath carbon monoxide
Measured: Throughout study - one year
Secondary outcomes (1)
Saliva cotinine
When the body processes nicotine, it produces cotinine. Cotinine can be found in saliva.
Measured: 2 months, 3 months, 6 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Feb 2013 (estimated)
- Study startJan 2013
- Primary completionSep 2014
- Study completionSep 2014
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for SmokingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Duke UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 25 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Duke University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Durham VA Medical Center
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Jean C. Beckham, Ph.D., Principal investigator, Duke University Medical Center; VA Medical Center
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01789710
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Pro00040194
- Status last verified
- Jun 2015
- First submitted
- 8 Feb 2013
- Last updated
- 4 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Carpenter VL, Hertzberg JS, Kirby AC, Calhoun PS, Moore SD, Dennis MF, Dennis PA, Dedert EA, Hair LP, Beckham JC. Multicomponent smoking cessation treatment including mobile contingency management in homeless veterans. J Clin Psychiatry. 2015 Jul;76(7):959-64. doi: 10.4088/JCP.14m09053.
PubMed 25699616
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Contingency Management for Smoking Cessation in Homeless Smokers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01789710
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Pro00040194
- Conditions
- Smoking, Homeless Persons
- Keywords
- smoking, homelessness, contingency management
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 25 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Duke UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Durham VA Medical Center
- Study start
- Jan 2013
- Primary completion
- Sep 2014 (actual)
- Study completion
- Sep 2014 (actual)
- First posted
- 12 Feb 2013 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of an internet-based contingency management program for smoking cessation in persons who are homeless. Thirty homeless smokers will be enrolled in the study. Participants will receive payment based on their own low carbon monoxide readings, which indicate being quit from smoking. Participants will be prescribed nicotine replacement (patches and either gum or lozenge)and bupropion. All participants will receive a four sessions of smoking cessation counseling, and will be trained to perform carbon monoxide monitoring with a device provided by the study. They will also be provided with a mobile phone equipped with a video camera, and will use this equipment at home to monitor their carbon monoxide . Participants will record videos of themselves taking a carbon monoxide reading and displaying the results, and will upload the videos to a secured website that is only accessible by the research team members and the participant. Payment will be based on providing carbon monoxide readings that indicate abstinence.
The study is designed to address the following aims:
Specific Aim 1: To evaluate whether it is feasible to use internet-based contingency management for helping smokers who are homeless stop smoking.
Specific Aim 2: To evaluate how effective internet-based contingency managementis on decreasing smoking in smokers who are homeless.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Active Contingency Management | Experimental | Drug: Bupropion, Drug: Nicotine replacement therapy, Behavioral: Contingency ManagementAll participants are assigned to a single arm, active contingency management. In this arm, participants are provided monetary rewards for remaining abstinent from smoking. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 70 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- must be a Veteran who is eligible for care within the VA system;
- must be currently homeless or have been homeless more than twice in the past year period;
- must have current smoking status of at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least 1 year (verified with breath carbon monoxidemeasurement);
- must be aged 18 to 70;
- must be English speaker
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Pregnancy;
- Any substance use disorder in any of the following drug categories: opioids, cocaine, alcohol, sedatives, stimulants, hallucinogens, or drugs categorized as "other" per the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV.
- Urine drug screen results positive for cocaine, amphetamines, stimulants, opioids, or hallucinogens;
- Not stable on medications for the study period;
- Use of any other forms of nicotine such as cigars, pipes, or chewing tobacco;
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| BupropionAlso: ZybanAll participants who are medically eligible to take Bupropion will receive this study medication one week prior to their smoking quit date. | Drug | Active Contingency Management |
| Nicotine replacement therapyAlso: Nicoderm CQ, Nicotine patch, Nicotine polacrilex, nicotine gum, Nicotine lozengeAll participants will receive two forms of nicotine replacement therapy - nicotine patches and a rescue method (either gum or lozenge). | Drug | Active Contingency Management |
| Contingency ManagementAll participants will be asked to provide home carbon monoxide monitoring with equipment that is loaned to them. When participants provide readings that are low enough to suggest abstinence from smoking, they are provided monetary reinforcement (i.e., money). | Behavioural | Active Contingency Management |
Primary outcome
Breath carbon monoxide
Time frame: Throughout study - one year
1 secondary outcome
Saliva cotinine
Time frame: 2 months, 3 months, 6 months
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 May 2026.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 25699616Carpenter VL, Hertzberg JS, Kirby AC, Calhoun PS, Moore SD, Dennis MF, Dennis PA, Dedert EA, Hair LP, Beckham JC. Multicomponent smoking cessation treatment including mobile contingency management in homeless veterans. J Clin Psychiatry. 2015 Jul;76(7):959-64. doi: 10.4088/JCP.14m09053.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Jean C. Beckham, Ph.D. principal investigator
Duke University Medical Center; VA Medical Center
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Bupropion, Nicotine replacement therapy and Contingency Management in people with Smoking and Homeless Persons, run by Duke University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Breath carbon monoxide (time frame: Throughout study - one year). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01789710, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 May 2026.