EnteropathyNCT01811836

Zinc Resistant Starch Project

A study testing Zinc in people with Enteropathy, run by Washington University School of Medicine at 1 site in Malawi.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Trial summary

Broad - to examine the result of feeding RS to 3-5 year old rural Malawian children on zinc homeostasis and environmental enteropathy (EE). Specific - 1. To measure zinc status using a dual zinc stable isotope assay before and after administering resistant starch (RS) in 20 children. 2. Read more about this study

Who is it for?: Ages 36 to 60 monthsHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for: Enteropathy
What is being tested?: Zinc
Type of treatment: Pill or oral medicine, Injection or infusion
Could I receive a placebo?: No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people: 20 participants
Where: 1 siteMalawi
Study dates: Mar 2013to Jul 2013
Phase: Interventional
Are there results?: None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 36 to 60 months
All sexes
Healthy volunteers accepted
Child

Who may be able to join

Any stunted, otherwise healthy child aged 36-60 months living close to the Chipalonga Health Center. Stunting will be defined as height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) < -2. Children will be selected on the basis of having the lowest weight-for-height Z-scores (WHZ), and by dietary surveys on which their caretakers report consuming animal source foods < twice per month. Previous field work indicates about 80% of children are stunted and almost all children consume animal source foods < twice per month.

Who cannot join

Children who are not permanent residents in the village. Additionally, children with severe chronic illness such as cerebral palsy, and those who are receiving other supplementary food, or those who are participating in another research study are all ineligible to participate.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Malawi1 site

Project Peanut Butter Factory
Blantyre

Other trials in Malawi

About this study

Official title: The Effect of Resistant Starch Consumption on Zinc Hemostasis in Malawian Children at Risk for Zinc Deficiency

Broad - to examine the result of feeding RS to 3-5 year old rural Malawian children on zinc homeostasis and environmental enteropathy (EE).

Specific -

To measure zinc status using a dual zinc stable isotope assay before and after administering resistant starch (RS) in 20 children.
To measure intestinal function using a site-specific sugar absorption test before and after administering RS in 20 children.
To determine the relationship between RS and zinc homeostasis.
To determine the relationship between RS and environmental enteropathy.

Read the detailed description

A total of 20 (10 M, 10 F) stunted rural Malawian children aged 36-60 months will be studied to determine if there is an effect of feeding RS on zinc homeostasis and environmental enteropathy. These children are at high risk for zinc deficiency and environmental enteropathy by their demographic characteristics. Children will first have a quantitative assessment of zinc homeostasis where each child is given 2 zinc stable isotopes, one by mouth and another intravenously, which is followed by a stool and urine collection of 4 days. Zinc isotopes are quantified in the feces and urine, and these values are used to calculate the primary outcome, net zinc balance. This is followed by an assessment of environmental enteropathy quantitatively measured using the non-invasive site specific sugar absorption test, where each child drinks 100 mL of a sugar solution and a urine collection follows. The quantities of non-metabolizable sugars are measured, and the ratio of two of the sugars, lactulose and mannitol, is a measure of environmental enteropathy. Then the children will receive a dietary supplement, corn starch that has been modified to reduce its dietary absorption, for 5 weeks, which they will add to their phala. The RS is a standard food product that has been used safely in many millions of people for several decades. After taking this RS for 4 weeks both the zinc stable isotope test and the dual sugar absorption test will be repeated on the children to see if they have improved. These results will offer preliminary data as to whether RS might be used effectively on a large scale in the community to alleviate zinc deficiency and/or environmental enteropathy.

Conditions: Enteropathy
Being tested: Zinc
Medical subject headings: Intestinal Diseases

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

ZincDietary supplement
Also called Zinc Resistant Starch
Children will have an assessment of zinc homeostasis; each child is given 2 zinc stable isotopes, one by mouth and one intravenously, followed by a stool and urine collection (4 days.) Zinc isotopes are quantified in the feces and urine, values are used to calculate the primary outcome, net zinc balance. An assessment of EE quantitatively measured using the non-invasive site specific sugar absorption test, each child drinks 100 mL of a sugar solution and a urine collection follows. The quantities of non-metabolizable sugars are measured, and the ratio of two of the sugars, lactulose and mannitol, is a measure of environmental enteropathy. Children will receive a dietary supplement, corn starch, modified to reduce its absorption, for 5 weeks, which they will add to their phala. The RS is a standard food and has been used safely in millions of people for years. After taking this RS for 4 weeks both the zinc stable isotope test and the dual sugar absorption test will be repeated.

Study groups in NCT01811836
Study group	Role	What they receive
Resistant Starch	Experimental	Oral and intravenous zinc stable isotopes. Zinc: 67Zn (>97% enrichment),68Zn (>99% enrichment) and 70Zn (>95% enrichment) Days 1 and 38: children will be administered 40-75 μg of 67Zn through consumed food. At the end of these days, children will be given an intravenous injection of an accurately measured quantity of ~800 μg of 68Zn. Days 3-35: resistant starch feeding -- which will be given to mothers and integrated into the food. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Zinc

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

Net zinc balance
Zinc isotopes are quantified in the feces and urine, and these values are used to calculate net zinc balance. taking this RS for 4 weeks both the zinc stable isotope test and the dual sugar absorption test will be repeated on the children to see if they have improved. These results will offer preliminary data as to whether RS might be used effectively on a large scale in the community to alleviate zinc deficiency and/or environmental enteropathy.
Measured: 4 weeks

Secondary outcomes (3)

Enteropathy Measurement
Environmental enteropathy quantitatively measured using the non-invasive site specific sugar absorption test, where each child drinks 100 mL of a sugar solution and a urine collection follows. The quantities of non-metabolizable sugars are measured, and the ratio of two of the sugars, lactulose and mannitol, is a measure of environmental enteropathy.
Measured: 4 weeks
Weight and Height Changes
Weight and height will be measured initially and at each visit to measure any changes over the period.
These outcomes will be measured at baseline enrollment and at the end of the study.
Measured: 4 weeks (baseline and end)
Number of participants with adverse events
Measure the safety of zinc resistant starch. The RS is a standard food product that has been used safely in many millions of people for several decades.
Measured: 4 weeks

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

Mar 2013Jul 2013

First posted15 Mar 2013 (estimated)
Study startMar 2013
Primary completionJul 2013
Study completionJul 2013

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Publications (13)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
Other trials for EnteropathyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
More trials run by Washington University School of MedicineThe sponsor's other registered studies.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase N/A
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Not applicable
Intervention model: Single group
Masking: None (open label)
Enrolment: 20 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01811836
Sponsor's protocol ID: 201211114
Status last verified: Jul 2018
First submitted: 7 Mar 2013
Last updated: 2 Aug 2018
Results posted: No
Data monitoring committee: Yes

Publications

Manary MJ, Hotz C, Krebs NF, Gibson RS, Westcott JE, Broadhead RL, Hambidge KM. Zinc homeostasis in Malawian children consuming a high-phytate, maize-based diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jun;75(6):1057-61. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/75.6.1057.
PubMed 12036813
Manary MJ, Abrams SA, Griffin IJ, Quimper MM, Shulman RJ, Hamzo MG, Chen Z, Maleta K, Manary MJ. Perturbed zinc homeostasis in rural 3-5-y-old Malawian children is associated with abnormalities in intestinal permeability attributed to tropical enteropathy. Pediatr Res. 2010 Jun;67(6):671-5. doi: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181da44dc.
PubMed 20496476
Sazawal S, Bentley M, Black RE, Dhingra P, George S, Bhan MK. Effect of zinc supplementation on observed activity in low socioeconomic Indian preschool children. Pediatrics. 1996 Dec;98(6 Pt 1):1132-7.
PubMed 8951265
Menzies IS, Zuckerman MJ, Nukajam WS, Somasundaram SG, Murphy B, Jenkins AP, Crane RS, Gregory GG. Geography of intestinal permeability and absorption. Gut. 1999 Apr;44(4):483-9. doi: 10.1136/gut.44.4.483.
PubMed 10075954
Sazawal S, Black RE, Bhan MK, Bhandari N, Sinha A, Jalla S. Zinc supplementation in young children with acute diarrhea in India. N Engl J Med. 1995 Sep 28;333(13):839-44. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199509283331304.
PubMed 7651474
Ruel MT, Rivera JA, Santizo MC, Lonnerdal B, Brown KH. Impact of zinc supplementation on morbidity from diarrhea and respiratory infections among rural Guatemalan children. Pediatrics. 1997 Jun;99(6):808-13. doi: 10.1542/peds.99.6.808.
PubMed 9164774
Yonekura L, Suzuki H. Effects of dietary zinc levels, phytic acid and resistant starch on zinc bioavailability in rats. Eur J Nutr. 2005 Sep;44(6):384-91. doi: 10.1007/s00394-004-0540-9. Epub 2004 Nov 23.
PubMed 16151969
Turnlund JR. The use of stable isotopes in mineral nutrition research. J Nutr. 1989 Jan;119(1):7-14. doi: 10.1093/jn/119.1.7.
PubMed 2643698
Miller LV, Hambidge KM, Naake VL, Hong Z, Westcott JL, Fennessey PV. Size of the zinc pools that exchange rapidly with plasma zinc in humans: alternative techniques for measuring and relation to dietary zinc intake. J Nutr. 1994 Feb;124(2):268-76. doi: 10.1093/jn/124.2.268.
PubMed 8308576
Meddings JB, Gibbons I. Discrimination of site-specific alterations in gastrointestinal permeability in the rat. Gastroenterology. 1998 Jan;114(1):83-92. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70636-5.
PubMed 9428222
Galpin L, Manary MJ, Fleming K, Ou CN, Ashorn P, Shulman RJ. Effect of Lactobacillus GG on intestinal integrity in Malawian children at risk of tropical enteropathy. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Nov;82(5):1040-5. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/82.5.1040.
PubMed 16280436
May T, Westcott C, Thakwalakwa C, Ordiz MI, Maleta K, Westcott J, Ryan K, Hambidge KM, Miller LV, Young G, Mortimer E, Manary MJ, Krebs NF. Resistant starch does not affect zinc homeostasis in rural Malawian children. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2015 Apr;30:43-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.01.005. Epub 2015 Jan 21.
PubMed 25744509
Ordiz MI, May TD, Mihindukulasuriya K, Martin J, Crowley J, Tarr PI, Ryan K, Mortimer E, Gopalsamy G, Maleta K, Mitreva M, Young G, Manary MJ. The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of gut inflammation in rural Malawi children. Microbiome. 2015 Sep 3;3:37. doi: 10.1186/s40168-015-0102-9.
PubMed 26334878

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

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Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Aug 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: The Effect of Resistant Starch Consumption on Zinc Hemostasis in Malawian Children at Risk for Zinc Deficiency
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01811836
Acronym / sponsor ID: 201211114
Conditions: Enteropathy
Study type: Interventional
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 20 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: Washington University School of MedicineUniversity, hospital or other
Study start: Mar 2013 (actual)
Primary completion: Jul 2013 (actual)
Study completion: Jul 2013 (actual)
First posted: 15 Mar 2013 (estimated)
Results: Not posted in the source record

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

Broad - to examine the result of feeding RS to 3-5 year old rural Malawian children on zinc homeostasis and environmental enteropathy (EE).

Specific -

To measure zinc status using a dual zinc stable isotope assay before and after administering resistant starch (RS) in 20 children.
To measure intestinal function using a site-specific sugar absorption test before and after administering RS in 20 children.
To determine the relationship between RS and zinc homeostasis.
To determine the relationship between RS and environmental enteropathy.

Detailed description

Study design

Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Not applicable
Intervention model: Single group
Masking: None (open label)
Number of arms: 1

Arm	Type	Receives
Resistant Starch	Experimental	Dietary Supplement: ZincOral and intravenous zinc stable isotopes. Zinc: 67Zn (>97% enrichment),68Zn (>99% enrichment) and 70Zn (>95% enrichment) Days 1 and 38: children will be administered 40-75 μg of 67Zn through consumed food. At the end of these days, children will be given an intravenous injection of an accurately measured quantity of ~800 μg of 68Zn. Days 3-35: resistant starch feeding -- which will be given to mothers and integrated into the food.

Who may qualify

Ages: 36 to 60 months
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Accepted
Age groups: Child

Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)

Any stunted, otherwise healthy child aged 36-60 months living close to the Chipalonga Health Center. Stunting will be defined as height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) < -2. Children will be selected on the basis of having the lowest weight-for-height Z-scores (WHZ), and by dietary surveys on which their caretakers report consuming animal source foods < twice per month. Previous field work indicates about 80% of children are stunted and almost all children consume animal source foods < twice per month.

Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)

Children who are not permanent residents in the village. Additionally, children with severe chronic illness such as cerebral palsy, and those who are receiving other supplementary food, or those who are participating in another research study are all ineligible to participate.

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
ZincAlso: Zinc Resistant StarchChildren will have an assessment of zinc homeostasis; each child is given 2 zinc stable isotopes, one by mouth and one intravenously, followed by a stool and urine collection (4 days.) Zinc isotopes are quantified in the feces and urine, values are used to calculate the primary outcome, net zinc balance. An assessment of EE quantitatively measured using the non-invasive site specific sugar absorption test, each child drinks 100 mL of a sugar solution and a urine collection follows. The quantities of non-metabolizable sugars are measured, and the ratio of two of the sugars, lactulose and mannitol, is a measure of environmental enteropathy. Children will receive a dietary supplement, corn starch, modified to reduce its absorption, for 5 weeks, which they will add to their phala. The RS is a standard food and has been used safely in millions of people for years. After taking this RS for 4 weeks both the zinc stable isotope test and the dual sugar absorption test will be repeated.	Dietary supplement	Resistant Starch

Primary outcome

Net zinc balance
Time frame: 4 weeks
Zinc isotopes are quantified in the feces and urine, and these values are used to calculate net zinc balance. taking this RS for 4 weeks both the zinc stable isotope test and the dual sugar absorption test will be repeated on the children to see if they have improved. These results will offer preliminary data as to whether RS might be used effectively on a large scale in the community to alleviate zinc deficiency and/or environmental enteropathy.

3 secondary outcomes

Enteropathy Measurement
Time frame: 4 weeks
Weight and Height Changes
Time frame: 4 weeks (baseline and end)
Number of participants with adverse events
Time frame: 4 weeks

Results and safety

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Aug 2018.
Background: PubMed 12036813Manary MJ, Hotz C, Krebs NF, Gibson RS, Westcott JE, Broadhead RL, Hambidge KM. Zinc homeostasis in Malawian children consuming a high-phytate, maize-based diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jun;75(6):1057-61. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/75.6.1057.
Background: PubMed 20496476Manary MJ, Abrams SA, Griffin IJ, Quimper MM, Shulman RJ, Hamzo MG, Chen Z, Maleta K, Manary MJ. Perturbed zinc homeostasis in rural 3-5-y-old Malawian children is associated with abnormalities in intestinal permeability attributed to tropical enteropathy. Pediatr Res. 2010 Jun;67(6):671-5. doi: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181da44dc.
Background: PubMed 8951265Sazawal S, Bentley M, Black RE, Dhingra P, George S, Bhan MK. Effect of zinc supplementation on observed activity in low socioeconomic Indian preschool children. Pediatrics. 1996 Dec;98(6 Pt 1):1132-7.
Background: PubMed 10075954Menzies IS, Zuckerman MJ, Nukajam WS, Somasundaram SG, Murphy B, Jenkins AP, Crane RS, Gregory GG. Geography of intestinal permeability and absorption. Gut. 1999 Apr;44(4):483-9. doi: 10.1136/gut.44.4.483.
Background: PubMed 7651474Sazawal S, Black RE, Bhan MK, Bhandari N, Sinha A, Jalla S. Zinc supplementation in young children with acute diarrhea in India. N Engl J Med. 1995 Sep 28;333(13):839-44. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199509283331304.
Background: PubMed 9164774Ruel MT, Rivera JA, Santizo MC, Lonnerdal B, Brown KH. Impact of zinc supplementation on morbidity from diarrhea and respiratory infections among rural Guatemalan children. Pediatrics. 1997 Jun;99(6):808-13. doi: 10.1542/peds.99.6.808.
Background: PubMed 16151969Yonekura L, Suzuki H. Effects of dietary zinc levels, phytic acid and resistant starch on zinc bioavailability in rats. Eur J Nutr. 2005 Sep;44(6):384-91. doi: 10.1007/s00394-004-0540-9. Epub 2004 Nov 23.
Background: PubMed 2643698Turnlund JR. The use of stable isotopes in mineral nutrition research. J Nutr. 1989 Jan;119(1):7-14. doi: 10.1093/jn/119.1.7.
Background: PubMed 8308576Miller LV, Hambidge KM, Naake VL, Hong Z, Westcott JL, Fennessey PV. Size of the zinc pools that exchange rapidly with plasma zinc in humans: alternative techniques for measuring and relation to dietary zinc intake. J Nutr. 1994 Feb;124(2):268-76. doi: 10.1093/jn/124.2.268.
Background: PubMed 9428222Meddings JB, Gibbons I. Discrimination of site-specific alterations in gastrointestinal permeability in the rat. Gastroenterology. 1998 Jan;114(1):83-92. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70636-5.
Background: PubMed 16280436Galpin L, Manary MJ, Fleming K, Ou CN, Ashorn P, Shulman RJ. Effect of Lactobacillus GG on intestinal integrity in Malawian children at risk of tropical enteropathy. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Nov;82(5):1040-5. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/82.5.1040.
Results publication: PubMed 25744509May T, Westcott C, Thakwalakwa C, Ordiz MI, Maleta K, Westcott J, Ryan K, Hambidge KM, Miller LV, Young G, Mortimer E, Manary MJ, Krebs NF. Resistant starch does not affect zinc homeostasis in rural Malawian children. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2015 Apr;30:43-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.01.005. Epub 2015 Jan 21.

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Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

Mark Manary, MD principal investigator

Washington University School of Medicine

1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Zinc in people with Enteropathy, run by Washington University School of Medicine at 1 site in Malawi.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Aug 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Malawi. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Net zinc balance (time frame: 4 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01811836, which also lists 13 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Aug 2018.