Diabetes MellitusMITINCT01879579
Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention
A study testing Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention in people with Diabetes Mellitus, run by NYU Langone Health at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this pilot study is to determine whether text message (and phone) communication can be effectively utilized to adjust long-acting insulin, compared to standard practice. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Diabetes Mellitus
- What is being tested?
- Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 61 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Jun 2013to Jun 2015
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Initiating long-acting insulin treatment or initiating the titration of long-acting insulin treatment
- Speaks English or Spanish
- Hemoglobin A1c > or = 8%
- Able and willing to inject insulin
- Able and willing to provide informed consent
Who cannot join
- Short-acting insulin treatment
- Systemic glucocorticoids
- Sustained elevated serum creatinine > or = 1.5 mg/dL for men and > or = 1.4 mg/dL for women
- Hypoglycemia unawareness
- Type 1 diabetes
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Adult Primary Care Clinic, Bellevue Hospital Center
New York, New York, 10016
About this study
Official title: The Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention (MITI) Study: Innovative Chronic Disease Management of Diabetes
The purpose of this pilot study is to determine whether text message (and phone) communication can be effectively utilized to adjust long-acting insulin, compared to standard practice.
Read the detailed description
The current practice of insulin titration for diabetics requires multiple in-person clinic visits, during which a patient's long-acting insulin dose is adjusted until the optimal dose to control glycemia is reached. Finding this optimal dose can take weeks in an ideal setting, but often takes much longer in a busy urban clinic such as Bellevue Hospital Center. Relaying titration instructions to patients via phone and text message has the potential to decrease the titration timeline, thus reducing the number of clinic visits and the time it takes patients to reach their target blood glucose levels.
For this pilot project, study staff will recruit patients who are initiating long-acting insulin treatment or initiating the titration of their existing long acting insulin treatment at Bellevue Hospital Center's Adult Primary Care Center. Patients who volunteer to enroll and provide informed consent will be randomized to one of two arms (MITI or current best practice arm) at the time of enrollment and stratified by whether the patient is initiating insulin treatment or initiating the titration of his/her existing insulin dose. The study staff will provide a cell phone (for temporary use) to any patients who are randomized to the MITI arm and don't own a personal cell phone (or whose personal cell phone is not able to receive the Sense Health text messages). Patients will use the cell phone free of cost to participate in the intervention (receive Sense Health text messages, send their fasting blood glucose levels, and speak with the diabetes nurse and study staff.)
Patients in the MITI arm will receive automated text messages 5 weekdays per week, for up to 12 weeks, from Sense Health. These text messages will request the patient's fasting blood glucose level. The patient will reply with his/her fasting blood glucose value, which will be logged in password-protected accounts on www.sensehealth.com. The clinic's diabetes nurses will check each patient's fasting blood glucose level on www.sensehealth.com each weekday and call any patient with fasting blood glucose values < 80 mg/dL and > 400 mg/dL. Each Thursday, patients will receive a phone call from a nurse, who will adjust the patient's insulin dose according to the study titration protocol. Each patient will continue to receive daily text messages and weekly phone calls until the first of three events occur: the patient reaches his/her optimal insulin dose for achieving glycemic control, 12 weeks elapse, or the patient withdraws from the study.
Patients in the current best practice arm (CBP) will attend scheduled clinic appointments during which a provider will review the patient's fasting blood glucose log and titrate the insulin dose according to current best practice.
Patients in both arms will continue receiving routine care, including HbA1c values every 3 months and other routine labs and measures as per standard of care.
- Conditions
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Being tested
- Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention
- Keywords
- Insulin, Telemedicine
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Resistance
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Mobile Insulin Titration InterventionOther
Patients send their fasting blood glucose levels to the clinic diabetes nurses via text message each weekday. The diabetes nurses call each patient once a week to give insulin titration instructions to replace in-person clinic visits for insulin titration.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention | Experimental | Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention (MITI) arm patients will relay their fasting blood glucose levels to the study staff via text message. The patient will receive insulin titration instructions through a weekly phone call with a diabetes nurse. Receives: Other: Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention |
| Current Best Practice | No intervention | Current Best Practice (CBP) arm patients will be treated according to the current best practice of insulin titration. They will attend scheduled clinic visits during which the provider will review their blood glucose logs and provide insulin titration instructions. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Percentage of Subjects Who Reach Optimal Long-acting Insulin Dose
Measured: 12 weeks
Secondary outcomes (6)
Time to Reach Optimal Long-acting Insulin Dose
The time it takes a patient to reach his/her optimal long-acting insulin dose will be measured for both study arms.
Measured: 12 weeks
Hemoglobin A1c
Change in hemoglobin A1c
Measured: baseline, 12 weeks (approximately 3 months)
Baseline Treatment Satisfaction
The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire standard (DTSQs) will be used to measure the patient's satisfaction with diabetes treatment received prior to study participation. Scores on questionnaire range from 0 to 6: 0 = very dissatisfied, 6 = very satisfied.
Measured: baseline
Treatment Satisfaction After Initiation of Insulin Titration
The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire standard (DTSQs) will be used to measure the patient's satisfaction with diabetes treatment received since initiation of long-acting insulin titration. Scores on questionnaire range from 0 to 6: 0 = very dissatisfied, 6 = very satisfied.
Measured: 12 weeks (approximately 3 months)
Change in Treatment Satisfaction
The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire change (DTSQc) will be used to measure the change in the patient's satisfaction with his/her diabetes treatment since initiation of long-acting insulin titration. Scores on questionnaire range from -3 to +3: -3 = much less satisfied now, +3 = much more satisfied now.
Measured: 12 weeks (approximately 3 months)
Incidence of Hypoglycemia
The number of instances of hypoglycemia as indicated by fasting blood glucose levels or symptoms reported by patients in both study arms.
Measured: 12 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted18 Jun 2013 (estimated)
- Study startJun 2013
- Primary completionMar 2015
- Study completionJun 2015
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Diabetes MellitusStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by NYU Langone HealthThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 61 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- NYU Langone Health
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Natalie Levy, NYU Langone Health
- Investigators
- Natalie Levy, MD, Principal investigator, NYU Langone Health
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01879579
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- S12-03713
- Other IDs
- UL1TR000038
- Acronym
- MITI
- Status last verified
- Sep 2015
- First submitted
- 13 Jun 2013
- Last updated
- 12 Oct 2015
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Riddle MC, Rosenstock J, Gerich J; Insulin Glargine 4002 Study Investigators. The treat-to-target trial: randomized addition of glargine or human NPH insulin to oral therapy of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2003 Nov;26(11):3080-6. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.11.3080.
PubMed 14578243Davies M, Storms F, Shutler S, Bianchi-Biscay M, Gomis R; ATLANTUS Study Group. Improvement of glycemic control in subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: comparison of two treatment algorithms using insulin glargine. Diabetes Care. 2005 Jun;28(6):1282-8. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.6.1282.
PubMed 15920040Davies M, Lavalle-Gonzalez F, Storms F, Gomis R; AT.LANTUS Study Group. Initiation of insulin glargine therapy in type 2 diabetes subjects suboptimally controlled on oral antidiabetic agents: results from the AT.LANTUS trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2008 May;10(5):387-99. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00873.x. Epub 2008 Mar 18.
PubMed 18355327Blonde L, Merilainen M, Karwe V, Raskin P; TITRATE Study Group. Patient-directed titration for achieving glycaemic goals using a once-daily basal insulin analogue: an assessment of two different fasting plasma glucose targets - the TITRATE study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2009 Jun;11(6):623-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01060.x.
PubMed 19515182Arora S, Peters AL, Agy C, Menchine M. A mobile health intervention for inner city patients with poorly controlled diabetes: proof-of-concept of the TExT-MED program. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2012 Jun;14(6):492-6. doi: 10.1089/dia.2011.0252. Epub 2012 Apr 23.
PubMed 22524591Walker EA, Shmukler C, Ullman R, Blanco E, Scollan-Koliopoulus M, Cohen HW. Results of a successful telephonic intervention to improve diabetes control in urban adults: a randomized trial. Diabetes Care. 2011 Jan;34(1):2-7. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1005.
PubMed 21193619Levy N, Moynihan V, Nilo A, Singer K, Bernik LS, Etiebet MA, Fang Y, Cho J, Natarajan S. The Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention (MITI) for Insulin Adjustment in an Urban, Low-Income Population: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2015 Jul 17;17(7):e180. doi: 10.2196/jmir.4716.
PubMed 26187303Levy N, Moynihan V, Nilo A, Singer K, Bernik LS, Etiebet MA, Fang Y, Cho J, Natarajan S. The Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention (MITI) for Insulin Glargine Titration in an Urban, Low-Income Population: Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc. 2015 Mar 13;4(1):e31. doi: 10.2196/resprot.4206.
PubMed 25794243
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Oct 2015. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention (MITI) Study: Innovative Chronic Disease Management of Diabetes
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01879579
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- MITI / S12-03713
- Conditions
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Keywords
- Insulin, Telemedicine
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 61 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- NYU Langone HealthUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation
- Study start
- Jun 2013
- Primary completion
- Mar 2015 (actual)
- Study completion
- Jun 2015 (actual)
- First posted
- 18 Jun 2013 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 12 Oct 2015
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this pilot study is to determine whether text message (and phone) communication can be effectively utilized to adjust long-acting insulin, compared to standard practice.
Detailed description
The current practice of insulin titration for diabetics requires multiple in-person clinic visits, during which a patient's long-acting insulin dose is adjusted until the optimal dose to control glycemia is reached. Finding this optimal dose can take weeks in an ideal setting, but often takes much longer in a busy urban clinic such as Bellevue Hospital Center. Relaying titration instructions to patients via phone and text message has the potential to decrease the titration timeline, thus reducing the number of clinic visits and the time it takes patients to reach their target blood glucose levels.
For this pilot project, study staff will recruit patients who are initiating long-acting insulin treatment or initiating the titration of their existing long acting insulin treatment at Bellevue Hospital Center's Adult Primary Care Center. Patients who volunteer to enroll and provide informed consent will be randomized to one of two arms (MITI or current best practice arm) at the time of enrollment and stratified by whether the patient is initiating insulin treatment or initiating the titration of his/her existing insulin dose. The study staff will provide a cell phone (for temporary use) to any patients who are randomized to the MITI arm and don't own a personal cell phone (or whose personal cell phone is not able to receive the Sense Health text messages). Patients will use the cell phone free of cost to participate in the intervention (receive Sense Health text messages, send their fasting blood glucose levels, and speak with the diabetes nurse and study staff.)
Patients in the MITI arm will receive automated text messages 5 weekdays per week, for up to 12 weeks, from Sense Health. These text messages will request the patient's fasting blood glucose level. The patient will reply with his/her fasting blood glucose value, which will be logged in password-protected accounts on www.sensehealth.com. The clinic's diabetes nurses will check each patient's fasting blood glucose level on www.sensehealth.com each weekday and call any patient with fasting blood glucose values < 80 mg/dL and > 400 mg/dL. Each Thursday, patients will receive a phone call from a nurse, who will adjust the patient's insulin dose according to the study titration protocol. Each patient will continue to receive daily text messages and weekly phone calls until the first of three events occur: the patient reaches his/her optimal insulin dose for achieving glycemic control, 12 weeks elapse, or the patient withdraws from the study.
Patients in the current best practice arm (CBP) will attend scheduled clinic appointments during which a provider will review the patient's fasting blood glucose log and titrate the insulin dose according to current best practice.
Patients in both arms will continue receiving routine care, including HbA1c values every 3 months and other routine labs and measures as per standard of care.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention | Experimental | Other: Mobile Insulin Titration InterventionMobile Insulin Titration Intervention (MITI) arm patients will relay their fasting blood glucose levels to the study staff via text message. The patient will receive insulin titration instructions through a weekly phone call with a diabetes nurse. |
| Current Best Practice | No intervention | –Current Best Practice (CBP) arm patients will be treated according to the current best practice of insulin titration. They will attend scheduled clinic visits during which the provider will review their blood glucose logs and provide insulin titration instructions. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 70 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Initiating long-acting insulin treatment or initiating the titration of long-acting insulin treatment
- Speaks English or Spanish
- Hemoglobin A1c > or = 8%
- Able and willing to inject insulin
- Able and willing to provide informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Short-acting insulin treatment
- Systemic glucocorticoids
- Sustained elevated serum creatinine > or = 1.5 mg/dL for men and > or = 1.4 mg/dL for women
- Hypoglycemia unawareness
- Type 1 diabetes
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Mobile Insulin Titration InterventionPatients send their fasting blood glucose levels to the clinic diabetes nurses via text message each weekday. The diabetes nurses call each patient once a week to give insulin titration instructions to replace in-person clinic visits for insulin titration. | Other | Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention |
Primary outcome
Percentage of Subjects Who Reach Optimal Long-acting Insulin Dose
Time frame: 12 weeks
6 secondary outcomes
Time to Reach Optimal Long-acting Insulin Dose
Time frame: 12 weeks
Hemoglobin A1c
Time frame: baseline, 12 weeks (approximately 3 months)
Baseline Treatment Satisfaction
Time frame: baseline
Treatment Satisfaction After Initiation of Insulin Titration
Time frame: 12 weeks (approximately 3 months)
Change in Treatment Satisfaction
Time frame: 12 weeks (approximately 3 months)
Incidence of Hypoglycemia
Time frame: 12 weeks
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Oct 2015.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 14578243Riddle MC, Rosenstock J, Gerich J; Insulin Glargine 4002 Study Investigators. The treat-to-target trial: randomized addition of glargine or human NPH insulin to oral therapy of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2003 Nov;26(11):3080-6. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.11.3080.
- Background: PubMed 15920040Davies M, Storms F, Shutler S, Bianchi-Biscay M, Gomis R; ATLANTUS Study Group. Improvement of glycemic control in subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: comparison of two treatment algorithms using insulin glargine. Diabetes Care. 2005 Jun;28(6):1282-8. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.6.1282.
- Background: PubMed 18355327Davies M, Lavalle-Gonzalez F, Storms F, Gomis R; AT.LANTUS Study Group. Initiation of insulin glargine therapy in type 2 diabetes subjects suboptimally controlled on oral antidiabetic agents: results from the AT.LANTUS trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2008 May;10(5):387-99. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00873.x. Epub 2008 Mar 18.
- Background: PubMed 19515182Blonde L, Merilainen M, Karwe V, Raskin P; TITRATE Study Group. Patient-directed titration for achieving glycaemic goals using a once-daily basal insulin analogue: an assessment of two different fasting plasma glucose targets - the TITRATE study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2009 Jun;11(6):623-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01060.x.
- Background: PubMed 22524591Arora S, Peters AL, Agy C, Menchine M. A mobile health intervention for inner city patients with poorly controlled diabetes: proof-of-concept of the TExT-MED program. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2012 Jun;14(6):492-6. doi: 10.1089/dia.2011.0252. Epub 2012 Apr 23.
- Background: PubMed 21193619Walker EA, Shmukler C, Ullman R, Blanco E, Scollan-Koliopoulus M, Cohen HW. Results of a successful telephonic intervention to improve diabetes control in urban adults: a randomized trial. Diabetes Care. 2011 Jan;34(1):2-7. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1005.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 26187303Levy N, Moynihan V, Nilo A, Singer K, Bernik LS, Etiebet MA, Fang Y, Cho J, Natarajan S. The Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention (MITI) for Insulin Adjustment in an Urban, Low-Income Population: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2015 Jul 17;17(7):e180. doi: 10.2196/jmir.4716.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 25794243Levy N, Moynihan V, Nilo A, Singer K, Bernik LS, Etiebet MA, Fang Y, Cho J, Natarajan S. The Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention (MITI) for Insulin Glargine Titration in an Urban, Low-Income Population: Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc. 2015 Mar 13;4(1):e31. doi: 10.2196/resprot.4206.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Natalie Levy, MD principal investigator
NYU Langone Health
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention in people with Diabetes Mellitus, run by NYU Langone Health at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Oct 2015. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 12 Oct 2015). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Percentage of Subjects Who Reach Optimal Long-acting Insulin Dose (time frame: 12 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01879579, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Oct 2015; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 27 Oct 2026.