ViolenceYESNCT01884090
Youth Empowerment Solutions for Positive Youth Development
A study testing Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES) in people with Violence and Child or Adolescent Antisocial Behavior, run by University of Michigan at 11 sites in United States.
Trial summary
The Youth Empowerment Solutions for Positive Youth Development (YES) Study , is a randomized controlled trial that compares youth in standard after school programs offering activity choice (e.g. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 10 to 15 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Violence, Child or Adolescent Antisocial Behavior
- What is being tested?
- Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES)
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 418 participants
- Where
- 11 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- Jul 2011to Jul 2017
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 10 to 15 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Students entering 7th grade
- Students enrolled enrolled in the 21st Century After School Program at eight middle schools in Genesee County, Michigan
Who cannot join
- None
Trial locations and contacts
11 sites in 1 country.
11 sites in 1 country
United States11 sites
Bentley Schools
Burton, Michigan, 48509
Atherton Middle School
Burton, Michigan, 48519
Bendle Middle School
Burton, Michigan, 48529
Hamady Middle School
Flint, Michigan, 48504
Northern High School
Flint, Michigan, 48504
Northwestern High School
Flint, Michigan, 48505
Kearsley Schools
Flint, Michigan, 48506
Carman-Ainsworth Middle School
Flint, Michigan, 48507
Genesee School District
Genesee, Michigan, 48437
Beecher Middle School
Mt. Morris, Michigan, 48458
Mt. Morris Junior High
Mt. Morris, Michigan, 48458
About this study
Official title: Youth Empowerment Solutions for Positive Youth Development (YES) Also Known as Genesee County Afterschool Study (GCAS)
The Youth Empowerment Solutions for Positive Youth Development (YES) Study , is a randomized controlled trial that compares youth in standard after school programs offering activity choice (e.g. sports, academic enrichment, arts) to youth assigned to an after school program that includes training in community development, formation of intergenerational partnerships and experience conducting community improvement projects. The study aims are to: 1) implement and evaluate an empirically developed intervention for empowering youth (YES) using a randomized controlled trial design in a high risk urban and suburban sample; 2) test a conceptual model that posits a causal relationship from youth empowerment processes to positive developmental outcomes; and 3) follow youth over time to assess sustainability of gains in healthy development. Developmental outcomes will be assessed at baseline, curriculum completion and at three and nine months post-intervention.
This study will be referred to as the Genesee County Afterschool Study (GCAS) in recruitment, consents, assents and promotional materials. The study compares different types of after school programs, and we will be randomly assigning students into two groups, 1) the "regular" 21st Century Afterschool programs and 2) the "regular" 21st Century Afterschool programs with the YES supplement. We do not want to bias desirability of the random groups by naming one of the groups to be tested in the study name. Therefore, in documents we will refer to the study as the "Genesee County Afterschool Study (GCAS)."
Read more
Study hypotheses:
- Youth in the YES intervention arm will demonstrate increased intrapersonal, interactional, and behavioral empowerment than youth in the comparison group arm.
- Youth in the YES intervention arm will demonstrate higher scores on the positive developmental outcome variables, and lower scores on the negative developmental outcome variables, than youth in the comparison group arm.
- Behavioral empowerment will partially mediate the relations between intrapersonal and interactional empowerment and youth developmental outcomes, such that youth with greater intrapersonal and interactional empowerment skills will demonstrate increased behavioral empowerment, which in turn will result in higher scores on positive developmental outcome variables, and lower scores on negative developmental outcome variables.
Read the detailed description
YES is a partnership between the University of Michigan School of Public Health, the Flint Community Schools and the Genesee County Intermediate School District. The study will include participants at eight high-need middle schools with 21st Century after school programs.
Researchers have consistently found that participation in out of school programs enhances adolescents' well being and sense of worth, involves them in positive behaviors and helps them avoid involvement in problem behaviors. Although key elements of successful after school programs have been proposed (e.g., adult mentorship), the processes through which youth positive outcomes are achieved have rarely been empirically examined. Empowerment theory provides a unique conceptual framework for developing programs to enhance positive youth development because it incorporates the notion that health promotion requires not only that youth develop specific skills and positive assets, but also that youth become motivated to actively apply these skills and knowledge to become agents of positive change for themselves and in their communities. Thus, programs based on empowerment theory focus on building positive assets, connecting youth with local resources and adult role models, and engaging youth in community service activities. Ecological theory complements empowerment theory because it focuses attention on the social contexts in which youth develop, interactions between these contexts, and the roles youth can play in these contexts (e.g., schools, communities). An intervention approach informed by these two theories should enhance positive youth development by engaging youth in relevant ecological settings where they can learn skills, practice those skills, and establish the social resources to effectively navigate the social contexts in which they find themselves and develop into healthy adults.
- Conditions
- Violence, Child or Adolescent Antisocial Behavior
- Being tested
- Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES)
- Keywords
- Empowerment, Youth, Violence, Community, Prevention
- Medical subject headings
- Empowerment
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES)Behavioural
Also called Genesee County Afterschool Study
Participants receiving the The 16-week, 30-session YES curriculum YES as a part of the 21st Century after-school program at middle schools that have high economic and academic needs. 21st Century is a U.S. Department of Education program which provides academic enrichment opportunities during non-school hours and during the summer for children who attend low-performing schools in areas with high poverty (U.S. Department of Education, 2009).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES) | Experimental | Participants receiving the The 16-week, 30-session YES curriculum YES as a part of the 21st Century after-school program at middle schools that have high economic and academic needs. 21st Century is a U.S. Department of Education program which provides academic enrichment opportunities during non-school hours and during the summer for children who attend low-performing schools in areas with high poverty (U.S. Department of Education, 2009). Receives: Behavioral: Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES) |
| Standard After School Programming | Active comparator | Youth in the comparison arm of the study will participate in standard after-school programming administered by Flint Community Schools and Genesee Intermediate School District. The standard program is the 21st Century after-school program at middle schools that have high economic and academic needs. 21st Century is a U.S. Department of Education program which provides academic enrichment opportunities during non-school hours and during the summer for children who attend low-performing schools in areas with high poverty (U.S. Department of Education, 2009) Receives: Behavioral: Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Intrapersonal Empowerment
Scales will include Self-Acceptance, Mastery, Leadership Efficacy, and Motivation to Control.
Measured: 1 year
Interactional Empowerment
Scales will include Adult Mentoring Relationships, Adult Resources, and Resource Mobilization.
Measured: 1 year
Behavioral Empowerment
Scales will include Leadership Behavior, Community Engagement, and School Engagement
Measured: 1 year
Secondary outcomes (7)
School Bonding
Scales include: school engagement; social support from teachers and staff
Measured: 1 year
Academic Achievement
Scales include: academic effort and achievement. Will track participants grades.
Measured: 1 year
Social Competence
Scales include: social skills rating; responsible decision-making
Measured: 1 year
Prosocial Activities
Scales include: participation in extracurricular activities, pro-social scale
Measured: 1 year
Antisocial Behavior
scales include: anti-social attitudes and behavior, attitude toward conflict; beliefs supporting aggression, perpetration of aggression, rule-breaking behavior
Measured: 1 year
Substance Use
Scale includes 8 items from National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Measured: 1 year
Internalizing Problems
Scales include: anxiety, depression
Measured: 1 year
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Jun 2013 (estimated)
- Study startJul 2011
- Primary completionJul 2017
- Study completionJul 2017
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for ViolenceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of MichiganThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 418 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Michigan
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Marc A. Zimmerman, University of Michigan
- Investigators
- Marc A Zimmerman, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Michigan
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01884090
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 5R01HD062565
- Acronym
- YES
- Status last verified
- Oct 2017
- First submitted
- 23 Oct 2012
- Last updated
- 10 Oct 2017
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Zimmerman MA, Stewart SE, Morrel-Samuels S, Franzen S, Reischl TM. Youth Empowerment Solutions for Peaceful Communities: combining theory and practice in a community-level violence prevention curriculum. Health Promot Pract. 2011 May;12(3):425-39. doi: 10.1177/1524839909357316. Epub 2010 Nov 8.
PubMed 21059871Franzen S, Morrel-Samuels S, Reischl TM, Zimmerman MA. Using process evaluation to strengthen intergenerational partnerships in the Youth Empowerment Solutions program. J Prev Interv Community. 2009;37(4):289-301. doi: 10.1080/10852350903196290.
PubMed 19830624Griffith DM, Allen JO, Zimmerman MA, Morrel-Samuels S, Reischl TM, Cohen SE, Campbell KA. Organizational empowerment in community mobilization to address youth violence. Am J Prev Med. 2008 Mar;34(3 Suppl):S89-99. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.12.015.
PubMed 18267207Reischl TM, Zimmerman MA, Morrel-Samuels S, Franzen SP, Faulk M, Eisman AB, Roberts E. Youth empowerment solutions for violence prevention. Adolesc Med State Art Rev. 2011 Dec;22(3):581-600, xiii.
PubMed 22423465Eisman AB, Zimmerman MA, Kruger D, Reischl TM, Miller AL, Franzen SP, Morrel-Samuels S. Psychological Empowerment Among Urban Youth: Measurement Model and Associations with Youth Outcomes. Am J Community Psychol. 2016 Dec;58(3-4):410-421. doi: 10.1002/ajcp.12094. Epub 2016 Oct 6.
PubMed 27709632
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Oct 2017. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Youth Empowerment Solutions for Positive Youth Development (YES) Also Known as Genesee County Afterschool Study (GCAS)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01884090
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- YES / 5R01HD062565
- Conditions
- Violence, Child or Adolescent Antisocial Behavior
- Keywords
- Empowerment, Youth, Violence, Community, Prevention
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 418 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of MichiganUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Jul 2011
- Primary completion
- Jul 2017 (actual)
- Study completion
- Jul 2017 (actual)
- First posted
- 21 Jun 2013 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The Youth Empowerment Solutions for Positive Youth Development (YES) Study , is a randomized controlled trial that compares youth in standard after school programs offering activity choice (e.g. sports, academic enrichment, arts) to youth assigned to an after school program that includes training in community development, formation of intergenerational partnerships and experience conducting community improvement projects. The study aims are to: 1) implement and evaluate an empirically developed intervention for empowering youth (YES) using a randomized controlled trial design in a high risk urban and suburban sample; 2) test a conceptual model that posits a causal relationship from youth empowerment processes to positive developmental outcomes; and 3) follow youth over time to assess sustainability of gains in healthy development. Developmental outcomes will be assessed at baseline, curriculum completion and at three and nine months post-intervention.
This study will be referred to as the Genesee County Afterschool Study (GCAS) in recruitment, consents, assents and promotional materials. The study compares different types of after school programs, and we will be randomly assigning students into two groups, 1) the "regular" 21st Century Afterschool programs and 2) the "regular" 21st Century Afterschool programs with the YES supplement. We do not want to bias desirability of the random groups by naming one of the groups to be tested in the study name. Therefore, in documents we will refer to the study as the "Genesee County Afterschool Study (GCAS)."
Study hypotheses:
- Youth in the YES intervention arm will demonstrate increased intrapersonal, interactional, and behavioral empowerment than youth in the comparison group arm.
- Youth in the YES intervention arm will demonstrate higher scores on the positive developmental outcome variables, and lower scores on the negative developmental outcome variables, than youth in the comparison group arm.
- Behavioral empowerment will partially mediate the relations between intrapersonal and interactional empowerment and youth developmental outcomes, such that youth with greater intrapersonal and interactional empowerment skills will demonstrate increased behavioral empowerment, which in turn will result in higher scores on positive developmental outcome variables, and lower scores on negative developmental outcome variables.
Detailed description
YES is a partnership between the University of Michigan School of Public Health, the Flint Community Schools and the Genesee County Intermediate School District. The study will include participants at eight high-need middle schools with 21st Century after school programs.
Researchers have consistently found that participation in out of school programs enhances adolescents' well being and sense of worth, involves them in positive behaviors and helps them avoid involvement in problem behaviors. Although key elements of successful after school programs have been proposed (e.g., adult mentorship), the processes through which youth positive outcomes are achieved have rarely been empirically examined. Empowerment theory provides a unique conceptual framework for developing programs to enhance positive youth development because it incorporates the notion that health promotion requires not only that youth develop specific skills and positive assets, but also that youth become motivated to actively apply these skills and knowledge to become agents of positive change for themselves and in their communities. Thus, programs based on empowerment theory focus on building positive assets, connecting youth with local resources and adult role models, and engaging youth in community service activities. Ecological theory complements empowerment theory because it focuses attention on the social contexts in which youth develop, interactions between these contexts, and the roles youth can play in these contexts (e.g., schools, communities). An intervention approach informed by these two theories should enhance positive youth development by engaging youth in relevant ecological settings where they can learn skills, practice those skills, and establish the social resources to effectively navigate the social contexts in which they find themselves and develop into healthy adults.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES) | Experimental | Behavioral: Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES)Participants receiving the The 16-week, 30-session YES curriculum YES as a part of the 21st Century after-school program at middle schools that have high economic and academic needs. 21st Century is a U.S. Department of Education program which provides academic enrichment opportunities during non-school hours and during the summer for children who attend low-performing schools in areas with high poverty (U.S. Department of Education, 2009). |
| Standard After School Programming | Active comparator | Behavioral: Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES)Youth in the comparison arm of the study will participate in standard after-school programming administered by Flint Community Schools and Genesee Intermediate School District. The standard program is the 21st Century after-school program at middle schools that have high economic and academic needs. 21st Century is a U.S. Department of Education program which provides academic enrichment opportunities during non-school hours and during the summer for children who attend low-performing schools in areas with high poverty (U.S. Department of Education, 2009) |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 10 to 15 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Students entering 7th grade
- Students enrolled enrolled in the 21st Century After School Program at eight middle schools in Genesee County, Michigan
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- None
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES)Also: Genesee County Afterschool StudyParticipants receiving the The 16-week, 30-session YES curriculum YES as a part of the 21st Century after-school program at middle schools that have high economic and academic needs. 21st Century is a U.S. Department of Education program which provides academic enrichment opportunities during non-school hours and during the summer for children who attend low-performing schools in areas with high poverty (U.S. Department of Education, 2009). | Behavioural | Standard After School Programming, Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES) |
Primary outcome
Intrapersonal Empowerment
Time frame: 1 year
Scales will include Self-Acceptance, Mastery, Leadership Efficacy, and Motivation to Control.
Interactional Empowerment
Time frame: 1 year
Scales will include Adult Mentoring Relationships, Adult Resources, and Resource Mobilization.
Behavioral Empowerment
Time frame: 1 year
Scales will include Leadership Behavior, Community Engagement, and School Engagement
7 secondary outcomes
School Bonding
Time frame: 1 year
Academic Achievement
Time frame: 1 year
Social Competence
Time frame: 1 year
Prosocial Activities
Time frame: 1 year
Antisocial Behavior
Time frame: 1 year
Substance Use
Time frame: 1 year
Internalizing Problems
Time frame: 1 year
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Oct 2017.
- Background: PubMed 21059871Zimmerman MA, Stewart SE, Morrel-Samuels S, Franzen S, Reischl TM. Youth Empowerment Solutions for Peaceful Communities: combining theory and practice in a community-level violence prevention curriculum. Health Promot Pract. 2011 May;12(3):425-39. doi: 10.1177/1524839909357316. Epub 2010 Nov 8.
- Background: PubMed 19830624Franzen S, Morrel-Samuels S, Reischl TM, Zimmerman MA. Using process evaluation to strengthen intergenerational partnerships in the Youth Empowerment Solutions program. J Prev Interv Community. 2009;37(4):289-301. doi: 10.1080/10852350903196290.
- Background: PubMed 18267207Griffith DM, Allen JO, Zimmerman MA, Morrel-Samuels S, Reischl TM, Cohen SE, Campbell KA. Organizational empowerment in community mobilization to address youth violence. Am J Prev Med. 2008 Mar;34(3 Suppl):S89-99. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.12.015.
- Background: PubMed 22423465Reischl TM, Zimmerman MA, Morrel-Samuels S, Franzen SP, Faulk M, Eisman AB, Roberts E. Youth empowerment solutions for violence prevention. Adolesc Med State Art Rev. 2011 Dec;22(3):581-600, xiii.
- Background: PubMed 27709632Eisman AB, Zimmerman MA, Kruger D, Reischl TM, Miller AL, Franzen SP, Morrel-Samuels S. Psychological Empowerment Among Urban Youth: Measurement Model and Associations with Youth Outcomes. Am J Community Psychol. 2016 Dec;58(3-4):410-421. doi: 10.1002/ajcp.12094. Epub 2016 Oct 6.
- Youth Empowerment Solutions homepageLink provided by the sponsor.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Marc A Zimmerman, PhD principal investigator
University of Michigan
11 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES) in people with Violence and Child or Adolescent Antisocial Behavior, run by University of Michigan at 11 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Oct 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 11 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Intrapersonal Empowerment (time frame: 1 year). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01884090, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Oct 2017.