Autism Spectrum DisorderPhase 2OXY-RNCT01908205
Intranasal Oxytocin for the Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
A Phase 2 study testing Intranasal Oxytocin in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder, run by Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital at 2 sites in 2 countries.
Trial summary
We are studying an investigational drug called intranasal oxytocin (Syntocinon®). Syntocinon® has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in helping women breastfeed, but it has not been approved for use in children with ASD. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 10 to 17 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- What is being tested?
- Intranasal Oxytocin
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesin 2 countries
- Study dates
- Sep 2013to Mar 2016
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 10 to 17 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Male or female outpatients, 10-17 years of age inclusive.
- Meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) criteria will be established by a clinician with expertise with individuals with ASD. Best estimate Diagnosis will be reached using DSM-IV criteria, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI-R).
- Have a Clinician's Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score ≥ 4 (moderately ill) at Screening.
- Verbal and performance scale Intelligence Quotient (IQ) ≥ 70 (both subtests of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI-I or WASI-II ≥ 70).
- If already receiving stable concomitant medications affecting behavior, have continuous participation for 1 month prior to Screening (with the exception of fluoxetine, where a period of 6 weeks is needed), and not electively initiate new or modify ongoing medications for the duration of the study.
- If already receiving stable non-pharmacologic educational, behavioral, and/or dietary interventions, have continuous participation during the preceding 3 months prior to Screening, and not electively initiate new or modify ongoing interventions for the duration of the study.
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- Have normal physical examination and laboratory test results at Screening. If abnormal, the finding(s) must be deemed not clinically significant by the Treating Clinician.
- Ability to speak and understand English sufficiently to allow for the completion of all study assessments.
- Ability to obtain written informed consent from the participant, if developmentally appropriate. If a participant does not have the capacity to consent, ability to obtain assent (if developmentally appropriate), as well as written informed consent from their parent(s)/legal guardian.
Who cannot join
- Patients born prior to 35 weeks gestational age.
- Patients with a primary psychiatric diagnosis other than ASD.
- Patients with a medical history of neurological disease, including, but not limited to, epilepsy/seizure disorder (except simple febrile seizures), movement disorder, tuberous sclerosis, fragile X, and any other known genetic syndromes, or known abnormal brain MRI/structural lesion.
- Pregnant female patients, sexually active female patients on hormonal birth control and sexually active females who do not use at least two types of non-hormonal birth control.
- Patients with evidence or history of malignancy or any significant hematological, endocrine, cardiovascular (including any rhythm disorder), respiratory, renal, hepatic, or gastrointestinal disease.
- Patients with one or more of the following: HIV, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, hemophilia (bleeding problems, recent nose and brain injuries), abnormal blood pressure (hypotension or hypertension), drug abuse, immunity disorder or severe depression.
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- Patients who are currently taking oxytocin or have taken intranasal oxytocin in the past with no response.
- Patients with a sensitivity to oxytocin or any components of its formulation.
- Patients unable to tolerate venipuncture procedures for blood sampling.
- Patients in foster care for whom the province/state is defined as a legal guardian
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 2 countries.
2 sites in 2 countries
United States1 site
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
Canada1 site
Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital
Toronto, Ontario, M4G 1R8
About this study
Official title: Intranasal Oxytocin for the Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Autism
We are studying an investigational drug called intranasal oxytocin (Syntocinon®). Syntocinon® has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in helping women breastfeed, but it has not been approved for use in children with ASD. However, there is previous research conducted that has indicated that after administration of oxytocin, adults with ASD demonstrated improvements in social cognition, and reduced repetitive behaviours and anxiety. There is also early research to suggest that children may also benefit in these areas. The purpose of this study is to test if oxytocin works to help children and adolescents with ASD.
Read the detailed description
Extensive data has been accumulated to suggest that central release of oxytocin is important for social cognition and function, as well as likely involved in anxiety modulation and repetitive behaviors. The Principal Investigator and Co-Principal Investigator of this study have previously documented: 1) an association between ASD and a single nuclear polymorphism of the oxytocin receptor gene, 2) ability to measure oxytocin levels in the blood by enzyme immunoassay and 3) preliminary data to support safety and efficacy of intranasal oxytocin in the treatment of social deficits and repetitive behaviors in adults with autism. A medication treatment targeting the core deficits of ASD in childhood is highly valuable because it could influence the developmental trajectory and make further psychosocial interventions possible. In this context, we propose a randomized placebo controlled trial of intranasal oxytocin in children and adolescents with ASD.
- Conditions
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Being tested
- Intranasal Oxytocin, Placebo
- Keywords
- Autism, Social, Functioning, Cognition, Repetitive Behaviors, Anxiety, Quality of Life
- Medical subject headings
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autistic Disorder, Anxiety Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Intranasal OxytocinDrug
Also called Syntocinon
PlaceboDrug
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intranasal Oxytocin (Syntocinon) | Experimental | The proposed dosing schedule is 0.4 IU/kg, taken twice daily, for a maximum of 24 IUs per dose Receives: Drug: Intranasal Oxytocin |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | The proposed dosing schedule is 0.4 IU/kg, taken twice daily, for a maximum of 24 IUs per dose Receives: Drug: Placebo |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Efficacy of Intranasal Oxytocin vs. Placebo on Measures of Social Function
This will be measured by a change in score on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) - Social Withdrawal Subscale (0-48, where lower scores indicate improvement)
Measured: 12 and 24 weeks
Secondary outcomes (10)
Efficacy of Intranasal Oxytocin vs. Placebo on Measures of Social Cognition
This will be measured by a change in score the Revised Eyes Test (0- 28; where higher scores indicate better performance/improvement) Baseline to Week 12
Measured: 12 Weeks
Efficacy of Intranasal Oxytocin vs. Placebo on Measures of Social Cognition
This will be measured by improvement on the Let's Face it! Skills Battery from Baseline to Week 12 Social Cognition (higher score=better outcome)
- Let's Face It Skills Battery; i. Matchmaker (0-100); ii. Faces (0-100); iii. Houses (0-100)
Measured: 12 Weeks
Efficacy of Intranasal Oxytocin vs. Placebo on Measures of Social Function
This will be measured by improvement on the Behavioral Assessment System for Children (BASC-2) from Baseline to Week 12 Behavioral Assessment System for Children (higher score=positive response); i. *Social Skills: age 6 to 11 (18-69); age 12 to 17 (21-70); ii. Functional Communication: age 6 to 11 (10-66); age 12 to 17 (10-64); iii. Withdrawal age 6-11 (21- 62) ; age 12-17 (14-42)
- only social subscales of BASC-2 reported
Measured: 12 Weeks
Number of Participant Considered Social Responders
This will be measured by the Clinical Global Impressions - Improvement Scale - Social (CGI-I-Social)
- Clinical Global Impressions - Social Scale (1-7) (lower score=positive response). The results will be reported as the number of participants that were classified as a social responder (achieving a score of 1 or 2 on the scale).
Measured: 12 Weeks
Efficacy of Intranasal Oxytocin vs. Placebo on Measures of Repetitive Behaviors
This will be measured by improvement on the Child Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) from Baseline to Week 12
-lower score= positive response (0-20)
Measured: 12 Weeks
Efficacy of Intranasal Oxytocin vs. Placebo on Measures of Repetitive Behaviors
This will be measured by improvement on the Repetitive Behavior Scale (RBS-R)(0-129; where lower score= positive response) from Baseline to Week 12
Measured: 12 Weeks
Efficacy of Intranasal Oxytocin vs. Placebo on Measures of Anxiety
This will be measured by the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory (CASI-4R) Generalized anxiety score (male (40-101); female (41-96) -where lower score= positive response) from Baseline to Week 12
Measured: 12 Weeks
Efficacy of Intranasal Oxytocin vs. Placebo on Measures of Quality of Life
This will be measured by improvement on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) (0-100, where higher scores indicate positive response) from Baseline to Week 12
Measured: 12 Weeks
Number of Participant Considered Overall Responders
This will be measured by the Clinical Global Impressions - Improvement Scale - Global (CGI-I-Global) (1-7) (lower score=positive response). The results will be reported as the number of participants that were classified as an overall responder (achieving a score of 1 or 2 on the scale).
Measured: 12 Weeks
Safety and Tolerability of Intranasal Oxytocin in Children and Adolescents With ASD
This will be measured by the Safety Monitoring Uniform Report Form (SMURF)
Measured: 12 Weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Jul 2013 (estimated)
- Study startSep 2013
- Primary completionSep 2015
- Study completionMar 2016
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Autism Spectrum DisorderStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- United States Department of Defense
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Evdokia Anagnostou, M.D., Principal investigator, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalSuma Jacob, M.D., Ph.D., Principal investigator, University of Minnesota
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01908205
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- OXY-R07-2013
- Acronym
- OXY-R
- Status last verified
- Oct 2020
- First submitted
- 23 Jul 2013
- Last updated
- 16 Jul 2025
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Iffland M, Livingstone N, Jorgensen M, Hazell P, Gillies D. Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self-injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Oct 9;10(10):CD011769. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011769.pub2.
PubMed 37811711
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Jul 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Intranasal Oxytocin for the Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Autism
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01908205
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- OXY-R / OXY-R07-2013
- Conditions
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Keywords
- Autism, Social, Functioning, Cognition, Repetitive Behaviors, Anxiety, Quality of Life
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- United States Department of Defense
- Study start
- Sep 2013
- Primary completion
- Sep 2015 (actual)
- Study completion
- Mar 2016 (actual)
- First posted
- 25 Jul 2013 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 16 Nov 2020
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
We are studying an investigational drug called intranasal oxytocin (Syntocinon®). Syntocinon® has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in helping women breastfeed, but it has not been approved for use in children with ASD. However, there is previous research conducted that has indicated that after administration of oxytocin, adults with ASD demonstrated improvements in social cognition, and reduced repetitive behaviours and anxiety. There is also early research to suggest that children may also benefit in these areas. The purpose of this study is to test if oxytocin works to help children and adolescents with ASD.
Detailed description
Extensive data has been accumulated to suggest that central release of oxytocin is important for social cognition and function, as well as likely involved in anxiety modulation and repetitive behaviors. The Principal Investigator and Co-Principal Investigator of this study have previously documented: 1) an association between ASD and a single nuclear polymorphism of the oxytocin receptor gene, 2) ability to measure oxytocin levels in the blood by enzyme immunoassay and 3) preliminary data to support safety and efficacy of intranasal oxytocin in the treatment of social deficits and repetitive behaviors in adults with autism. A medication treatment targeting the core deficits of ASD in childhood is highly valuable because it could influence the developmental trajectory and make further psychosocial interventions possible. In this context, we propose a randomized placebo controlled trial of intranasal oxytocin in children and adolescents with ASD.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intranasal Oxytocin (Syntocinon) | Experimental | Drug: Intranasal OxytocinThe proposed dosing schedule is 0.4 IU/kg, taken twice daily, for a maximum of 24 IUs per dose |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Drug: PlaceboThe proposed dosing schedule is 0.4 IU/kg, taken twice daily, for a maximum of 24 IUs per dose |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 10 to 17 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Male or female outpatients, 10-17 years of age inclusive.
- Meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) criteria will be established by a clinician with expertise with individuals with ASD. Best estimate Diagnosis will be reached using DSM-IV criteria, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI-R).
- Have a Clinician's Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score ≥ 4 (moderately ill) at Screening.
- Verbal and performance scale Intelligence Quotient (IQ) ≥ 70 (both subtests of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI-I or WASI-II ≥ 70).
- If already receiving stable concomitant medications affecting behavior, have continuous participation for 1 month prior to Screening (with the exception of fluoxetine, where a period of 6 weeks is needed), and not electively initiate new or modify ongoing medications for the duration of the study.
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- Patients born prior to 35 weeks gestational age.
- Patients with a primary psychiatric diagnosis other than ASD.
- Patients with a medical history of neurological disease, including, but not limited to, epilepsy/seizure disorder (except simple febrile seizures), movement disorder, tuberous sclerosis, fragile X, and any other known genetic syndromes, or known abnormal brain MRI/structural lesion.
- Pregnant female patients, sexually active female patients on hormonal birth control and sexually active females who do not use at least two types of non-hormonal birth control.
- Patients with evidence or history of malignancy or any significant hematological, endocrine, cardiovascular (including any rhythm disorder), respiratory, renal, hepatic, or gastrointestinal disease.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Intranasal OxytocinAlso: Syntocinon | Drug | Intranasal Oxytocin (Syntocinon) |
| Placebo | Drug | Placebo |
Primary outcome
Efficacy of Intranasal Oxytocin vs. Placebo on Measures of Social Function
Time frame: 12 and 24 weeks
This will be measured by a change in score on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) - Social Withdrawal Subscale (0-48, where lower scores indicate improvement)
10 secondary outcomes
Efficacy of Intranasal Oxytocin vs. Placebo on Measures of Social Cognition
Time frame: 12 Weeks
Efficacy of Intranasal Oxytocin vs. Placebo on Measures of Social Cognition
Time frame: 12 Weeks
Efficacy of Intranasal Oxytocin vs. Placebo on Measures of Social Function
Time frame: 12 Weeks
Number of Participant Considered Social Responders
Time frame: 12 Weeks
Efficacy of Intranasal Oxytocin vs. Placebo on Measures of Repetitive Behaviors
Time frame: 12 Weeks
Efficacy of Intranasal Oxytocin vs. Placebo on Measures of Repetitive Behaviors
Time frame: 12 Weeks
Efficacy of Intranasal Oxytocin vs. Placebo on Measures of Anxiety
Time frame: 12 Weeks
Efficacy of Intranasal Oxytocin vs. Placebo on Measures of Quality of Life
Time frame: 12 Weeks
Number of Participant Considered Overall Responders
Time frame: 12 Weeks
Safety and Tolerability of Intranasal Oxytocin in Children and Adolescents With ASD
Time frame: 12 Weeks
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Jul 2025.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 37811711Iffland M, Livingstone N, Jorgensen M, Hazell P, Gillies D. Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self-injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Oct 9;10(10):CD011769. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011769.pub2.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Evdokia Anagnostou, M.D. principal investigator
Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital
Suma Jacob, M.D., Ph.D. principal investigator
University of Minnesota
2 sites in 2 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing Intranasal Oxytocin in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder, run by Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital at 2 sites in 2 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Jul 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in United States, Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 16 Nov 2020). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Efficacy of Intranasal Oxytocin vs. Placebo on Measures of Social Function (time frame: 12 and 24 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01908205, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Jul 2025.