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Tuberous Sclerosis ComplexPhase 2RAPTNCT01929642

Rapalogues for Autism Phenotype in TSC: A Feasibility Study

A Phase 2 study testing Sirolimus and Everolimus in people with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Self-injury, run by Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc. at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility and safety of administering rapalogues, sirolimus or everolimus, in participants with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) and self-injury and to measure cognitive and behavioral changes, including reduction in autistic symptoms, self-injurious and aggressive… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 2 to 30 years
Conditions the study is for
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, Self-injury, Autism
What is being tested?
Sirolimus and Everolimus
Type of treatment
Pill or oral medicine
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
3 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
Jul 2013to Aug 2016
Phase
Phase 2
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 2 to 30 years
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Child, Adult

Who may be able to join

  • Diagnosed with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex as defined by the revised NIH consensus criteria
  • Possible autism or autism spectrum disorder and/or possible intellectual disability and/or global developmental delay
  • Currently displaying disruptive behaviors, such as self-injury and aggression
  • Seizures or epilepsy with at least one seizure within six months prior to enrollment
  • 2-30 years of age
  • English-speaking caregiver if participant is non-verbal.
  • If individuals are currently being treated with everolimus, they must have been taking it for less than or equal to 6 months.

Who cannot join

  • Participants who require live vaccines that are contraindicated with sirolimus will be excluded - bacille Calmette Guerin(BCG), measles-mumps-rubella vaccine(MMR), poliovirus, rotavirus, smallpox, typhoid, varicella, or yellow fever.
  • Participants who have a history of multiple or severe infections, or reside in a household with anyone who has a chronic, contagious condition will be excluded. Multiple infections will be defined as eight or more lifetime episodes of otitis media or two or more lifetime episodes of bacterial pneumonia. Severe infections will be defined as infections requiring more than one hospital admission for treatment.
  • Participants with any of the following laboratory abnormalities will be excluded: hematocrit < 27%, absolute neutrophil count(ANC) < 1,500, platelet count < 100,000, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(SGOT) or serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) > two times normal for age, bilirubin > two times normal for age, alkaline phosphatase > two times normal for age, epidermal growth factor receptor (eGFR) < 30, or evidence of renal failure, hypercholesterolemia.
  • Participants who have medical contraindications to undergoing an MRI will be excluded.
  • Participants with devices implanted in the brain will be excluded.
  • Pregnant participants will be excluded. All young ladies of child bearing potential will have a blood test for pregnancy prior to the start of the study and every study visit for the duration of the study.
  • Participants who have a history of herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and/or HIV infection will be excluded

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site
  • Kennedy Krieger Institute

    Baltimore, Maryland, 21205

Other trials in United States

About this study

The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility and safety of administering rapalogues, sirolimus or everolimus, in participants with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) and self-injury and to measure cognitive and behavioral changes, including reduction in autistic symptoms, self-injurious and aggressive behaviors, as well as improvements in cognition across multiple domains of cognitive function.

Read the detailed description

This is a feasibility and safety study primarily designed to assess the feasibility and safety of conducting a larger clinical trial with sirolimus in individuals with TSC. The present study will employ an ABA design in which three pediatric participants will be selected to receive baseline medical, developmental, behavioral, and cognitive evaluations, followed by a 26 week administration of sirolimus, repeated baseline assessments at the end of the 26 week treatment phase, and a 4 week titrated withdrawal followed by a 22 week period in which no rapalogue is administered. All participants will again be administered baseline medical, behavioral, and cognitive evaluations at the end of the study in order to compare all evaluations done at baseline, the end of the 26 week treatment, and completion of the study. These comparisons will be done to assess secondary outcomes that include reductions in autistic symptoms, self-injury, and aggression, as well as improvements in cognitive function across multiple domains. Furthermore, administration of the secondary outcome measures will also allow us to better understand the sensitivity of these measures in patients with TSC during the course of a clinical trial.

Families of potentially eligible children who express interest in the study and meet prescreening criteria will be invited to attend a screening visit to determine eligibility, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and availability for eight additional study visits. Prior to enrollment, informed consent will be obtained from the parent or legal guardian.

Investigators will use the methods of analysis of single-subject research (ABA design, where first A represents baseline, B represents treatment, and A represents reversal of treatment. The analysis will focus on each of the 3 subjects separately. Data on feasibility and safety (primary outcome) and on frequency of disruptive behavior (secondary outcome) will be plotted and visually inspected to detect any temporal changes by phase: 1. Baseline, 2. Treatment, 3. After treatment. Data in each phase will be summarized as mean +/- standard deviation (SD). We will use the summary data to assess the potential effect of the intervention. Consistency of the effect will be examined across the 3 study participants.

Being tested
Sirolimus, Everolimus
Keywords
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), self-injury, Autism
Medical subject headings
Tuberous Sclerosis, Self-Injurious Behavior, Autistic Disorder

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Study groups in NCT01929642
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Sirolimus or EverolimusExperimentalOral solution or tablet,titrated to therapeutic serum trough range (sirolimus); Oral tablet, titrated to therapeutic serum trough range (everolimus)
Receives: Drug: Sirolimus; Drug: Everolimus

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Number of Participants With Compliance to the Treatment Protocol.

    One outcome measurement of feasibility will include family/patient compliance with the treatment protocol, which will be assessed and documented at every study visit and telephone follow-up call, by the physician and/or study team member. This was calculated by calculating dividing the total number of study visits and study assessments completed by the total number of study visits and study assessments indicated by the treatment protocol.

    Measured: Change from baseline to EOT visit 12 week 53

  2. Caregiver Burden

    The Caregiver Burden Scale is a standard set of questions which will be used to measure the non-medical impact of TSC on caregivers and how it affects the feasibility of study completion.

    The Caregiver's Burden Scale (CBS) is a 22-item scale that assess subjectively experienced burden by caregiver's to chronically disabled persons. maximum scores: 88 \& Minumum scores: 22

    High values represent a worse outcome

    Measured: Change from baseline to EOT visit 12 week 53

  3. Feasibility Measurements of Parental Stress

    Measurements of stress will be administered. Specifically, we will use the Parental Stress Index. Quantifying stress, as well as compliance with the study protocol, will allow investigators to objectively assess the feasibility of a larger clinical trial of sirolimus in patients with TSC.

    Parental stress index maximum score: 180 Parental stress index minimum score: 36 higher raw scores indicate higher levels of stress.

    Measured: Change from baseline to EOT visit 12 week 53

Secondary outcomes (5)
  1. Total Number of Aggressions or Self-injuries

    This is the total number of aggressions or self-injuries for all participants.

    Measured: 1 year

  2. Cognitive Function as Assessed by the Capute Scale

    Score range maximum: 100 Score range minimum: 0

    High values represent a high cognitive function Below 70 is abnormal. 70-100 is the normal range.

    Measured: 1 year

  3. Repetitive Behavior

    Repetitive behavior will be assessed using the Repetitive Behavior Scale - revised, a questionnaire to characterize several domains of repetitive behavior including ritualistic behavior, stereotypic behavior, self-injurious behavior, compulsive behavior, and restricted interests.

    There are 36 items on the scale. Behaviors are rated on a 4-point scale: 0-Behavior does not occur, 1-Behavior occurs and is a mild problem, 2-Behavior occurs and is a moderate problem, 3-Behavior occurs and is a severe problem.

    Maximum score: 108 \& minimum score: 0 A high score represents the worse outcome

    Measured: 1 year

  4. Self-Injury Trauma Scale--SIT Scale

    The SIT Scale is a 3-part clinician-completed scale used to quantify visible injuries caused by self-injurious behavior(SIB). Part 1 includes sections to indicate SIB topographies and any evidence of healed injury. In Part 2 evaluators document the location and severity of injury (on a 3-point scale). In Part 3, respective scores from Parts 1 and 2 are summed to obtain a Number Index, a Severity Index, and Estimate of Current Risk. This Scale has been used in research with adults with SIB with inter-rater reliability averaging 85%.

    Maximum score: 100 Minimum score: 0 High score represent worse outcome.

    Measured: 1 year

  5. Frequency of Seizures Assessed by Total Number of Seizures

    Parents will be asked to document the frequency of their child's seizures using a manual or electronic (seizuretracker.com) seizure diary. The total number of seizures at baseline for all participants.

    Measured: at baseline

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted28 Aug 2013 (estimated)
  2. Study startJul 2013
  3. Primary completionJul 2016
  4. Study completionAug 2016

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
3 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT01929642
Sponsor's protocol ID
AM00037881
Acronym
RAPT
Status last verified
Mar 2021
First submitted
7 Aug 2013
Last updated
29 Mar 2021
Data monitoring committee
Yes

Publications

  • Napolioni V, Curatolo P. Genetics and molecular biology of tuberous sclerosis complex. Curr Genomics. 2008 Nov;9(7):475-87. doi: 10.2174/138920208786241243.

    PubMed 19506736
  • Gomez M, Sampson JR, Whittemore VH, editors. Tuberous sclerosis complex. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press; 1999.

  • Osborne JP, Fryer A, Webb D. Epidemiology of tuberous sclerosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991;615:125-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37754.x. No abstract available.

    PubMed 2039137
  • Cross JH. Neurocutaneous syndromes and epilepsy-issues in diagnosis and management. Epilepsia. 2005;46 Suppl 10:17-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.00353.x.

    PubMed 16359466
  • Curatolo P, Bombardieri R, Verdecchia M, Seri S. Intractable seizures in tuberous sclerosis complex: from molecular pathogenesis to the rationale for treatment. J Child Neurol. 2005 Apr;20(4):318-25. doi: 10.1177/08830738050200040901.

    PubMed 15921233
  • Joinson C, O'Callaghan FJ, Osborne JP, Martyn C, Harris T, Bolton PF. Learning disability and epilepsy in an epidemiological sample of individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex. Psychol Med. 2003 Feb;33(2):335-44. doi: 10.1017/s0033291702007092.

    PubMed 12622312
  • de Vries PJ. Targeted treatments for cognitive and neurodevelopmental disorders in tuberous sclerosis complex. Neurotherapeutics. 2010 Jul;7(3):275-82. doi: 10.1016/j.nurt.2010.05.001.

    PubMed 20643380
  • Smalley SL. Autism and tuberous sclerosis. J Autism Dev Disord. 1998 Oct;28(5):407-14. doi: 10.1023/a:1026052421693.

    PubMed 9813776
  • Bolton PF, Park RJ, Higgins JN, Griffiths PD, Pickles A. Neuro-epileptic determinants of autism spectrum disorders in tuberous sclerosis complex. Brain. 2002 Jun;125(Pt 6):1247-55. doi: 10.1093/brain/awf124.

    PubMed 12023313
  • Prescibing Information for Sirolimus. 1999).

  • Sindhi R. Sirolimus in pediatric transplant recipients. Transplant Proc. 2003 May;35(3 Suppl):113S-114S. doi: 10.1016/s0041-1345(03)00223-9.

    PubMed 12742479
  • Ehninger D, Han S, Shilyansky C, Zhou Y, Li W, Kwiatkowski DJ, Ramesh V, Silva AJ. Reversal of learning deficits in a Tsc2+/- mouse model of tuberous sclerosis. Nat Med. 2008 Aug;14(8):843-8. doi: 10.1038/nm1788. Epub 2008 Jun 22.

    PubMed 18568033
  • Zeng LH, Xu L, Gutmann DH, Wong M. Rapamycin prevents epilepsy in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex. Ann Neurol. 2008 Apr;63(4):444-53. doi: 10.1002/ana.21331.

    PubMed 18389497
  • Franz DN, Leonard J, Tudor C, Chuck G, Care M, Sethuraman G, Dinopoulos A, Thomas G, Crone KR. Rapamycin causes regression of astrocytomas in tuberous sclerosis complex. Ann Neurol. 2006 Mar;59(3):490-8. doi: 10.1002/ana.20784.

    PubMed 16453317
  • Krueger DA, Care MM, Holland K, Agricola K, Tudor C, Mangeshkar P, Wilson KA, Byars A, Sahmoud T, Franz DN. Everolimus for subependymal giant-cell astrocytomas in tuberous sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2010 Nov 4;363(19):1801-11. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1001671.

    PubMed 21047224

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 2 study testing Sirolimus and Everolimus in people with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Self-injury, run by Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc. at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Mar 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 29 Mar 2021). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Number of Participants With Compliance to the Treatment Protocol. (time frame: Change from baseline to EOT visit 12 week 53). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01929642, which also lists 47 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Mar 2021.

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