5% Topical Ibuprofen (IBU) for Ankle Sprain

PI was assessed on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0=no pain to 10=most severe pain. PID was the difference between baseline PI (prior to the first dose) and current PI at assessment. SPID was calculated as the time-weighted sum of PID scores over 24 hours. Total score ranges from -240 (higher pain relief) to 96 (lower pain relief) for SPID at rest. SPID is a value of change from baseline. Pain score at base line is usually higher than that at post baseline. So negative value of SPID indicates pain relief from baseline, while positive value means a worst pain comparing to baseline, a negative value of SPID indicates higher pain relief from baseline.

Participant's global assessments of ankle injury was measured using 5-point scale: 1= Very Good (No symptoms and no limitations of normal activities), 2= Good (Mild symptoms and no limitation of normal activities), 3= Fair (Moderate symptoms and limitations of some normal activities), 4= Poor (Severe symptoms and inability to carry out most normal activities), 5= Very Poor (Very severe symptoms which are intolerable and inability to carry out all normal activities).

The physician assessment of the severity of the ankle injury was based on the participant's individual signs and symptoms which included pain, swelling, tenderness and limitation of range of movement, and was measured using 6-point scale: 0= Normal (No signs or symptoms) , 1= Very mild (Very mild signs and symptoms), 2= Mild (Mild signs and symptoms), 3= Moderate (Moderate signs and symptoms), 4= Severe (Severe signs and symptoms), 5= Very severe (Very severe signs and symptoms). A higher score is indicative of lesser improvement. Change from baseline was calculated as baseline value minus post-treatment value.

PI in ankle pain at rest and upon weight bearing was assessed on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0=no pain to 10=most severe pain. PID was the difference between baseline PI (prior to the first dose) and current PI at assessment. Pain score at baseline is usually higher than that at post baseline. So negative value of SPID indicates pain relief from baseline, while positive value means a worst pain comparing to baseline.

PI at rest and on weight bearing was assessed on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0=no pain to 10=most severe pain. PID was the difference between baseline PI (prior to the first dose) and current PI at assessment. SPID 0-6 was calculated as the time-weighted sum of PID scores over 6 hours on Day 1, with a total score ranges from -30 (higher pain relief) to 36 (lower pain relief). SPID 0-12 was calculated as the time weighted sum of PID scores over 2 hours on Day 3, with a total score ranges from -10 (higher pain relief) to 12 (lower pain relief). SPID is a value of change from baseline. Pain score at base line is usually higher than that at post baseline. So negative value of SPID indicates pain relief from baseline, while positive value means a worst pain comparing to baseline, a negative value of SPID indicates higher pain relief from baseline.

PI was assessed on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0=no pain to 10=most severe pain. PID was the difference between baseline PI (prior to the first dose) and current PI at assessment. SPID was calculated as the time-weighted sum of PID scores over 3 days (72 hours). Total score ranges from -360 (higher pain relief) to 432 (lower pain relief). SPID is a value of change from baseline. Pain score at base line is usually higher than that at post baseline. So negative value of SPID indicates pain relief from baseline, while positive value means a worst pain comparing to baseline, a negative value of SPID indicates higher pain relief from baseline.

PI was assessed on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0=no pain to 10=most severe pain. PID was the difference between baseline PI (prior to the first dose) and current PI at assessment. SPID was calculated as the time-weighted sum of PID scores over 7 days (168 hours). Total score ranges from -840 (higher pain relief) to 1008 (lower pain relief). SPID is a value of change from baseline. Pain score at baseline is usually higher than that at post baseline. So negative value of SPID indicates pain relief from baseline, while positive value means a worst pain comparing to baseline, a negative value of SPID indicates higher pain relief from baseline.

Participant assessment of normal function was measured using a 5-point scale: 1= Normal walking/activity and no pain; 2= Normal walking/activity with pain; 3= Mildly restricted walking due to pain and can't resume normal activities; 4= Moderately restricted walking due to pain and can't resume normal activities; 5= Severely restricted walking due to pain and can't resume normal activities. The normal functioning and activity scores for each question range from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating worsening of normal activity.

Participants Global Assessment of Medication was used to rate the medication as a pain reliever. The responses of participants were recorded using 5-point scale: 1= Very Poor, 2= Poor, 3= Fair, 4= Good, 5= Very Good. The global assessment of medication scores for each question range from 0 to 5, giving a possible score range of 0 - 5, with higher scores indicating medication as a better pain reliever.

Participants evaluated time to first perceptible relief by stopping a stopwatch labelled 'first perceptible relief' at moment participant first began to experience any relief, exact question asked was: "Stop stopwatch when you first begin to feel any pain-relieving effect whatsoever of product; that is, when you first feel a little relief". First perceptible relief was considered confirmed by meaningful relief if participant achieved both "first perceptible" and "meaningful" relief by either pressing second stopwatch or by indicating that his/her "first perceptible" relief was also "meaningful". For "time to meaningful relief," exact question asked was: "Stop this stopwatch when you have meaningful relief; that is, when relief from pain is meaningful to you." Stopwatches were active up to 3 hours after dosing or until stopped by participant, or rescue medication was administered.

Participants used only acetaminophen at a dose of 500 milligram (mg) every 6 hours product as needed (PRN) as rescue medication during the course of the study. Participants who used acetaminophen were to record its use, and date and time of administration in the participant diary. Time to rescue medication after initial dose, after each subsequent dose, provided that in each dose interval at least 25% of the participants take rescue medication was analyzed using the proportional hazard model with site, treatment group, and baseline categorical ankle pain terms in the model.

Participants received only acetaminophen 500 mg every 6 hours PRN as rescue medication during the course of the study.

Participants used only acetaminophen at a dose of 500 mg every 6 hours PRN as analgesia or rescue therapy during the course of the study. Participants who used acetaminophen were to record its use, and date and time of administration in the participant diary.