Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)ROMI-3NCT01994577
Optimum Troponin Cutoffs for ACS in the ED
An observational study of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), run by Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) at 1 site in Canada.
Trial summary
Blood tests may be able to quickly identify and exclude patients that are having a heart attack. Using these tests in the Emergency Department (ED) may lead to faster treatment, a reduced wait time, and quicker discharge for patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of a heart attack. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
- How many people
- 100 participants
- Where
- 1 siteCanada
- Study dates
- May 2013to Nov 2017
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Adult residents presenting to any of three EDs in Hamilton, Ontario
Who may be able to join
- 18 years of age or older
- Presenting to any of three EDs in Hamilton, Ontario
- Chief complaint of suspected symptoms of acute coronary syndrome
Who cannot join
- Patients with any component of a composite outcome that includes cardio-vascular death, MI, serious ventricular cardiac dysrhythmia, decompensated congestive heart failure requiring hospital admission and hospital admission for refractory cardiac ischemia that occur prior to the initial blood sample being drawn will be excluded.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Determining the Optimum Treatment Cutoffs for Cardiac Troponin Assays in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Suspected Cardiac Ischemia
Blood tests may be able to quickly identify and exclude patients that are having a heart attack. Using these tests in the Emergency Department (ED) may lead to faster treatment, a reduced wait time, and quicker discharge for patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of a heart attack.
Read the detailed description
Myocardial ischemia is a reduction in coronary blood flow insufficient for heart cell (myocardiocyte) demand. Prolonged ischemia results in myocardiocyte injury, death and necrosis i.e., myocardial infarction (MI). Cardiovascular disease resulting in myocardial ischemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a spectrum of clinical presentations of acute myocardial ischemia ranging from ST-elevation MI (STEMI) to non-STEMI (NSTEMI) and unstable angina (UA). Because ACS portends a high-risk of death, treatment is time sensitive and delays to diagnosis and definitive care may decrease survival. However, the treatment-associated risk of bleeding, stroke and death also necessitate an accurate diagnosis of ACS.
Chest pain is the most common symptom of ACS and is the main cause of emergency department (ED) visits by the middle-aged and the second most common presenting complaint in other age groups accounting for up to 500,000 ED visits in Canada and 5 million in the United States of America (USA) each year. In 2005, the number of ED visits for chest pain increased by 20% over the previous decade and, as the median age of the western world's population increases over the next decade, EDs will assess more chest pain patients for ACS than ever before.
Because chest pain is a common presenting complaint and a symptom of many non-ACS conditions, the diagnosis of ACS is challenging. STEMI is diagnosed by specific electrocardiogram (ECG) findings whereas NSTEMI and UA are clinically indistinguishable because of the similarity in symptoms and transient or non-specific ECG findings at presentation. Differentiation of NSTEMI from the less severe UA is based on whether the ischemic myocardial injury is severe enough to release detectable concentrations of a myocardiocyte-specific protein, cardiac troponin (cTn). Therefore, patients with ACS symptoms and a non-diagnostic ECG are diagnosed with NSTEMI if their troponin level is above the cutoff concentration while similar patients with troponin levels below the cutoff are diagnosed with UA but both are admitted for treatment. However, patients with atypical symptoms with cTn concentrations below the cutoff represent a clinical dilemma and are usually discharged from the ED without any treatment or understanding of their risk of an ACS-related event within the next days, weeks or months.
Within the next year, many Canadian laboratories will replace their current cTn tests with the new high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays (hs-cTn) that are analytically more sensitive and more precise at lower concentrations. This change could have a significant impact on EDs and the healthcare system in general. First and foremost, application of the current cutoff definition for NSTEMI to the newer hs-cTn assays will produce an increase in the prevalence of NSTEMI that may or may not be a true increase. This will result in more patients admitted to hospital and given high-risk therapies but with unknown overall changes in morbidity and mortality. Second, recent evidence suggests that the newer assays can help diagnose MI earlier and incremental hs-cTn measurements are potentially prognostic for future cardiovascular events (CVE) including death. Therefore, this inevitable change in assays has the potential to stress current healthcare resources or significantly improve ACS diagnosis and subsequent outcomes. The primary barrier to achieving optimum clinical benefit from the implementation of hs-cTn is the current lack of information. Specifically, the studies on hs-cTn assay cutoffs for early MI diagnosis in North American populations are limited and published research on hs-cTn assays for risk stratification in the ED is non-existent.
The investigators primary objective is to determine which hs-cTn concentration(s) are most predictive of a composite outcome of CVE over time in ED patients presenting with ACS symptoms. In the same population, the investigators also will determine if an early change in cTn and hs-cTn concentrations is more predictive than the peak cTn and hs-cTn concentrations of the composite outcome over time. The investigators intention is that physicians will be able to apply the prognostic cTn and hs-cTn cutoffs from their study results to prescribe the most time-appropriate interventions for their patients. The expected effect of generalized application of the investigators results being positive changes in patient safety, survival, secondary ACS prevention and even ED overcrowding.
- Conditions
- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
- Keywords
- Emergency Department, Cardiac troponin, Myocardial infarction
- Medical subject headings
- Acute Coronary Syndrome, Emergencies, Myocardial Infarction
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Adults (18+) presenting to the ED with symptoms of ACS | Not described |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Composite Outcome
We have chosen a composite outcome that includes cardiovascular death, MI, serious ventricular cardiac dysrhythmia, hospital admission for decompensated congestive heart failure, and hospital admission for refractory cardiac ischemia following ED discharge at 7, 30 and 180 days based on our understanding and previous assessment of the strengths and limitations of composite endpoints, expert consensus opinion and our previous biomarker research.
Measured: 7, 30, and 180 days
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Nov 2013 (estimated)
- Study startMay 2013
- Primary completionAug 2017
- Study completionNov 2017
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
- Sponsor type
- Other government
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Andrew S Worster, MD, MSc, CCFP(EM), FCFP, Principal investigator, McMaster UniversityKavsak Peter, PhD, FCACB, FACB, Principal investigator, McMaster UniversityHill Stephen, PhD, FCACB, Principal investigator, McMaster UniversityMcQueen J Mathew, MBChB, PhD, FCACB, FRCPC, Principal investigator, McMaster UniversityDevereaux P.J., MD, PhD, Principal investigator, McMaster UniversityMehta Shamir, MD, MSc, Principal investigator, McMaster UniversityMa Jinhui, PhD, Principal investigator, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Insititute
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01994577
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- ROMI-3
- Acronym
- ROMI-3
- Status last verified
- Jul 2018
- First submitted
- 19 Nov 2013
- Last updated
- 26 Jul 2018
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Kavsak PA, Cerasuolo JO, Ko DT, Ma J, Sherbino J, Mondoux SE, Clayton N, Hill SA, McQueen M, Griffith LE, Mehta SR, Perez R, Seow H, Devereaux PJ, Worster A. Using the clinical chemistry score in the emergency department to detect adverse cardiac events: a diagnostic accuracy study. CMAJ Open. 2020 Nov 2;8(4):E676-E684. doi: 10.9778/cmajo.20200047. Print 2020 Oct-Dec.
PubMed 33139388Neumann JT, Twerenbold R, Ojeda F, Sorensen NA, Chapman AR, Shah ASV, Anand A, Boeddinghaus J, Nestelberger T, Badertscher P, Mokhtari A, Pickering JW, Troughton RW, Greenslade J, Parsonage W, Mueller-Hennessen M, Gori T, Jernberg T, Morris N, Liebetrau C, Hamm C, Katus HA, Munzel T, Landmesser U, Salomaa V, Iacoviello L, Ferrario MM, Giampaoli S, Kee F, Thorand B, Peters A, Borchini R, Jorgensen T, Soderberg S, Sans S, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Kuulasmaa K, Renne T, Lackner KJ, Worster A, Body R, Ekelund U, Kavsak PA, Keller T, Lindahl B, Wild P, Giannitsis E, Than M, Cullen LA, Mills NL, Mueller C, Zeller T, Westermann D, Blankenberg S; COMPASS-MI Study Group. Application of High-Sensitivity Troponin in Suspected Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jun 27;380(26):2529-2540. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1803377.
PubMed 31242362Kavsak PA, Neumann JT, Cullen L, Than M, Shortt C, Greenslade JH, Pickering JW, Ojeda F, Ma J, Clayton N, Sherbino J, Hill SA, McQueen M, Westermann D, Sorensen NA, Parsonage WA, Griffith L, Mehta SR, Devereaux PJ, Richards M, Troughton R, Pemberton C, Aldous S, Blankenberg S, Worster A. Clinical chemistry score versus high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and T tests alone to identify patients at low or high risk for myocardial infarction or death at presentation to the emergency department. CMAJ. 2018 Aug 20;190(33):E974-E984. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.180144.
PubMed 30127037Kavsak PA, Worster A, Shortt C, Ma J, Clayton N, Sherbino J, Hill SA, McQueen M, Griffith L, Mehta SR, Devereaux PJ. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin concentrations at emergency department presentation in females and males with an acute cardiac outcome. Ann Clin Biochem. 2018 Sep;55(5):604-607. doi: 10.1177/0004563217743997. Epub 2017 Nov 23.
PubMed 29169258Kavsak PA, Worster A, Ma J, Shortt C, Clayton N, Sherbino J, Hill SA, McQueen M, Mehta SR, Devereaux PJ. High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Risk Cutoffs for Acute Cardiac Outcomes at Emergency Department Presentation. Can J Cardiol. 2017 Jul;33(7):898-903. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.04.011. Epub 2017 May 3.
PubMed 28668141Kavsak PA, Shortt C, Ma J, Clayton N, Sherbino J, Hill SA, McQueen M, Mehta SR, Devereaux PJ, Worster A. A laboratory score at presentation to rule-out serious cardiac outcomes or death in patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome. Clin Chim Acta. 2017 Jun;469:69-74. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.03.021. Epub 2017 Mar 23.
PubMed 28342713Shortt C, Ma J, Clayton N, Sherbino J, Whitlock R, Pare G, Hill SA, McQueen M, Mehta SR, Devereaux PJ, Worster A, Kavsak PA. Rule-In and Rule-Out of Myocardial Infarction Using Cardiac Troponin and Glycemic Biomarkers in Patients with Symptoms Suggestive of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Clin Chem. 2017 Jan;63(1):403-414. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.261545. Epub 2016 Nov 10.
PubMed 28062631
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 Jul 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Determining the Optimum Treatment Cutoffs for Cardiac Troponin Assays in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Suspected Cardiac Ischemia
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01994577
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ROMI-3 / ROMI-3
- Conditions
- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
- Keywords
- Emergency Department, Cardiac troponin, Myocardial infarction
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)Other government
- Study start
- May 2013
- Primary completion
- Aug 2017 (actual)
- Study completion
- Nov 2017 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Nov 2013 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Blood tests may be able to quickly identify and exclude patients that are having a heart attack. Using these tests in the Emergency Department (ED) may lead to faster treatment, a reduced wait time, and quicker discharge for patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of a heart attack.
Detailed description
Myocardial ischemia is a reduction in coronary blood flow insufficient for heart cell (myocardiocyte) demand. Prolonged ischemia results in myocardiocyte injury, death and necrosis i.e., myocardial infarction (MI). Cardiovascular disease resulting in myocardial ischemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a spectrum of clinical presentations of acute myocardial ischemia ranging from ST-elevation MI (STEMI) to non-STEMI (NSTEMI) and unstable angina (UA). Because ACS portends a high-risk of death, treatment is time sensitive and delays to diagnosis and definitive care may decrease survival. However, the treatment-associated risk of bleeding, stroke and death also necessitate an accurate diagnosis of ACS.
Chest pain is the most common symptom of ACS and is the main cause of emergency department (ED) visits by the middle-aged and the second most common presenting complaint in other age groups accounting for up to 500,000 ED visits in Canada and 5 million in the United States of America (USA) each year. In 2005, the number of ED visits for chest pain increased by 20% over the previous decade and, as the median age of the western world's population increases over the next decade, EDs will assess more chest pain patients for ACS than ever before.
Because chest pain is a common presenting complaint and a symptom of many non-ACS conditions, the diagnosis of ACS is challenging. STEMI is diagnosed by specific electrocardiogram (ECG) findings whereas NSTEMI and UA are clinically indistinguishable because of the similarity in symptoms and transient or non-specific ECG findings at presentation. Differentiation of NSTEMI from the less severe UA is based on whether the ischemic myocardial injury is severe enough to release detectable concentrations of a myocardiocyte-specific protein, cardiac troponin (cTn). Therefore, patients with ACS symptoms and a non-diagnostic ECG are diagnosed with NSTEMI if their troponin level is above the cutoff concentration while similar patients with troponin levels below the cutoff are diagnosed with UA but both are admitted for treatment. However, patients with atypical symptoms with cTn concentrations below the cutoff represent a clinical dilemma and are usually discharged from the ED without any treatment or understanding of their risk of an ACS-related event within the next days, weeks or months.
Within the next year, many Canadian laboratories will replace their current cTn tests with the new high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays (hs-cTn) that are analytically more sensitive and more precise at lower concentrations. This change could have a significant impact on EDs and the healthcare system in general. First and foremost, application of the current cutoff definition for NSTEMI to the newer hs-cTn assays will produce an increase in the prevalence of NSTEMI that may or may not be a true increase. This will result in more patients admitted to hospital and given high-risk therapies but with unknown overall changes in morbidity and mortality. Second, recent evidence suggests that the newer assays can help diagnose MI earlier and incremental hs-cTn measurements are potentially prognostic for future cardiovascular events (CVE) including death. Therefore, this inevitable change in assays has the potential to stress current healthcare resources or significantly improve ACS diagnosis and subsequent outcomes. The primary barrier to achieving optimum clinical benefit from the implementation of hs-cTn is the current lack of information. Specifically, the studies on hs-cTn assay cutoffs for early MI diagnosis in North American populations are limited and published research on hs-cTn assays for risk stratification in the ED is non-existent.
The investigators primary objective is to determine which hs-cTn concentration(s) are most predictive of a composite outcome of CVE over time in ED patients presenting with ACS symptoms. In the same population, the investigators also will determine if an early change in cTn and hs-cTn concentrations is more predictive than the peak cTn and hs-cTn concentrations of the composite outcome over time. The investigators intention is that physicians will be able to apply the prognostic cTn and hs-cTn cutoffs from their study results to prescribe the most time-appropriate interventions for their patients. The expected effect of generalized application of the investigators results being positive changes in patient safety, survival, secondary ACS prevention and even ED overcrowding.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Adults (18+) presenting to the ED with symptoms of ACS | – | – |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Adult residents presenting to any of three EDs in Hamilton, Ontario
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- 18 years of age or older
- Presenting to any of three EDs in Hamilton, Ontario
- Chief complaint of suspected symptoms of acute coronary syndrome
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Patients with any component of a composite outcome that includes cardio-vascular death, MI, serious ventricular cardiac dysrhythmia, decompensated congestive heart failure requiring hospital admission and hospital admission for refractory cardiac ischemia that occur prior to the initial blood sample being drawn will be excluded.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Composite Outcome
Time frame: 7, 30, and 180 days
We have chosen a composite outcome that includes cardiovascular death, MI, serious ventricular cardiac dysrhythmia, hospital admission for decompensated congestive heart failure, and hospital admission for refractory cardiac ischemia following ED discharge at 7, 30 and 180 days based on our understanding and previous assessment of the strengths and limitations of composite endpoints, expert consensus opinion and our previous biomarker research.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 Jul 2018.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 33139388Kavsak PA, Cerasuolo JO, Ko DT, Ma J, Sherbino J, Mondoux SE, Clayton N, Hill SA, McQueen M, Griffith LE, Mehta SR, Perez R, Seow H, Devereaux PJ, Worster A. Using the clinical chemistry score in the emergency department to detect adverse cardiac events: a diagnostic accuracy study. CMAJ Open. 2020 Nov 2;8(4):E676-E684. doi: 10.9778/cmajo.20200047. Print 2020 Oct-Dec.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 31242362Neumann JT, Twerenbold R, Ojeda F, Sorensen NA, Chapman AR, Shah ASV, Anand A, Boeddinghaus J, Nestelberger T, Badertscher P, Mokhtari A, Pickering JW, Troughton RW, Greenslade J, Parsonage W, Mueller-Hennessen M, Gori T, Jernberg T, Morris N, Liebetrau C, Hamm C, Katus HA, Munzel T, Landmesser U, Salomaa V, Iacoviello L, Ferrario MM, Giampaoli S, Kee F, Thorand B, Peters A, Borchini R, Jorgensen T, Soderberg S, Sans S, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Kuulasmaa K, Renne T, Lackner KJ, Worster A, Body R, Ekelund U, Kavsak PA, Keller T, Lindahl B, Wild P, Giannitsis E, Than M, Cullen LA, Mills NL, Mueller C, Zeller T, Westermann D, Blankenberg S; COMPASS-MI Study Group. Application of High-Sensitivity Troponin in Suspected Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jun 27;380(26):2529-2540. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1803377.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 30127037Kavsak PA, Neumann JT, Cullen L, Than M, Shortt C, Greenslade JH, Pickering JW, Ojeda F, Ma J, Clayton N, Sherbino J, Hill SA, McQueen M, Westermann D, Sorensen NA, Parsonage WA, Griffith L, Mehta SR, Devereaux PJ, Richards M, Troughton R, Pemberton C, Aldous S, Blankenberg S, Worster A. Clinical chemistry score versus high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and T tests alone to identify patients at low or high risk for myocardial infarction or death at presentation to the emergency department. CMAJ. 2018 Aug 20;190(33):E974-E984. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.180144.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 29169258Kavsak PA, Worster A, Shortt C, Ma J, Clayton N, Sherbino J, Hill SA, McQueen M, Griffith L, Mehta SR, Devereaux PJ. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin concentrations at emergency department presentation in females and males with an acute cardiac outcome. Ann Clin Biochem. 2018 Sep;55(5):604-607. doi: 10.1177/0004563217743997. Epub 2017 Nov 23.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 28668141Kavsak PA, Worster A, Ma J, Shortt C, Clayton N, Sherbino J, Hill SA, McQueen M, Mehta SR, Devereaux PJ. High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Risk Cutoffs for Acute Cardiac Outcomes at Emergency Department Presentation. Can J Cardiol. 2017 Jul;33(7):898-903. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.04.011. Epub 2017 May 3.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 28342713Kavsak PA, Shortt C, Ma J, Clayton N, Sherbino J, Hill SA, McQueen M, Mehta SR, Devereaux PJ, Worster A. A laboratory score at presentation to rule-out serious cardiac outcomes or death in patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome. Clin Chim Acta. 2017 Jun;469:69-74. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.03.021. Epub 2017 Mar 23.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 28062631Shortt C, Ma J, Clayton N, Sherbino J, Whitlock R, Pare G, Hill SA, McQueen M, Mehta SR, Devereaux PJ, Worster A, Kavsak PA. Rule-In and Rule-Out of Myocardial Infarction Using Cardiac Troponin and Glycemic Biomarkers in Patients with Symptoms Suggestive of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Clin Chem. 2017 Jan;63(1):403-414. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.261545. Epub 2016 Nov 10.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Andrew S Worster, MD, MSc, CCFP(EM), FCFP principal investigator
McMaster University
Kavsak Peter, PhD, FCACB, FACB principal investigator
McMaster University
Hill Stephen, PhD, FCACB principal investigator
McMaster University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), run by Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) at 1 site in Canada.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Jul 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Composite Outcome (time frame: 7, 30, and 180 days). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01994577, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Jul 2018.