Glucose Transporter Type-1 Deficiency Syndrome (Glut1 DS)Phase 2GLUT1DSNCT02036853
An Open-Label Trial of Triheptanoin in Patients With Glucose Transporter Type-1 Deficiency Syndrome
A Phase 2 study testing Triheptanoin in people with Glucose Transporter Type-1 Deficiency Syndrome (Glut1 DS), run by Adrian Lacy at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study is being done to assess the safety and long-term efficacy of triheptanoin in pediatric patients with Glut1 DS over a 5-year treatment period. Glut 1 is a protein that helps transport glucose to the brain. Glucose is the brain's primary source of energy. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 1 year to 50 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Glucose Transporter Type-1 Deficiency Syndrome (Glut1 DS)
- What is being tested?
- Triheptanoin
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 20 Feb 2014to 30 Jun 2019
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 1 year to 50 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Individuals eligible to participate in this study must meet all of the following criteria:
- Patients with GLUT1 DS by physician diagnosis
- Males and females, aged 1 to 50 years
- Allowed to be on concomitant AEDs
- Patients are able to tolerate triheptanoin if they have been (or are currently being) treated with this medication
- Must, in the opinion of the investigator, be willing and able to comply with study procedures and schedule
Show all 9Show fewer
- Provide written assent (if appropriate) and written informed consent by a Legally Authorized Representative (LAR) after the nature of the study has been explained, and prior to any research-related procedures
- Sexually active subjects must be willing to use an acceptable method of contraception while participating in the study
- Females of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test at Screening and be willing to have additional pregnancy tests during the study
Who cannot join
- Individuals who meet any of the following exclusion criteria will not be eligible to participate in the study:
- Patients and their Legally Authorized Representatives (as appropriate) not willing or able to give written or verbal assent or written informed consent.
- Concomitant administration of a ketogenic diet for the treatment of GLUT1 deficiency
- Concomitant administration of valproic acid
- In the Investigator's opinion, the patient may not be compliant
- Pregnant or breastfeeding an infant at screening
Show all 9Show fewer
- Has a concurrent disease or condition, or laboratory abnormality that, in the view of the Investigator, places the subject at high risk for adverse events, or introduces additional safety concerns
- History of or current suicidal ideation, behavior and attempts
- Patient qualifies for any other clinical trial designed to progressively evaluate the safety and efficacy of triheptanoin as approved by the FDA under a separate IND which is open at Cook Children's
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Cook Childrens Medical Center
Fort Worth, Texas, 76104
About this study
Official title: An Open-Label Trial of Triheptanoin in Patients With Glucose Transporter Type-1 Deficiency Syndrome (GLUT1 DS)
This study is being done to assess the safety and long-term efficacy of triheptanoin in pediatric patients with Glut1 DS over a 5-year treatment period. Glut 1 is a protein that helps transport glucose to the brain. Glucose is the brain's primary source of energy. Glut 1 DS prevents this protein from being effectively produced, causing deprivation of energy to the neurons of the of the brain.
Glut1 DS is a severely debilitating disease characterized by seizures, developmental delay and movement disorder. There are currently no approved treatments specific to Glut1 DS. Treatment generally includes medications for control of seizures. The use of a ketogenic diet can be effective in controlling seizures when medications are ineffective or provide insufficient control. However, the ketogenic diet may be very difficult for patients to maintain for long periods of time, and there may be negative secondary long-term effects of ketogenic diet.. Triheptanoin is metabolized to molecules that can provide an alternative energy source to the brain, and appears to help in controlling seizures without many of the difficulties of the ketogenic diet.
Eligible patients may be those who have been diagnosed with GLUT1 DS, and have discontinued or are not currently on ketogenic diet, or are able to tolerate triheptanoin if they have been treated or are currently being treated with triheptanoin and do not qualify for any other clinical trial.
Read the detailed description
Triheptanoin is proposed for the treatment of seizures in glucose transporter type-1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1 DS). Glut1 DS is a rare disease with an estimated US prevalence of ~3,300.
The proposed study is an open-label study to assess the safety and long-term efficacy of triheptanoin in patients with Glut1 DS over a 5-year treatment period. Eligible patients may be those who are able to tolerate triheptanoin if they have been treated or are currently being treated with triheptanoin and do not qualify for any other clinical trial. Subjects previously treated with triheptanoin will continue to dose at approximately 35% of total daily calories (~1-4g/kg/day, depending on age). Subjects who are naïve to triheptanoin will begin a 2-week fixed titration schedule up until they have reached 35% of total daily calories.
The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the safety of triheptanoin via adverse event rates and laboratory values. The secondary objective is to evaluate the long-term efficacy of triheptanoin as measured by the change in seizure frequency from historical baseline.
- Being tested
- Triheptanoin
- Keywords
- Triheptanoin, Glut1 DS, Epilepsy, Seizures
- Medical subject headings
- Glut1 Deficiency Syndrome, Epilepsy, Seizures
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
TriheptanoinDrug
Schedule A: Subjects previously treated with triheptanoin will continue to dose at approximately 35% of total daily calories (~1-4g/kg/day, depending on age).
Schedule B: Subjects who are naïve to triheptanoin will begin a 2-week fixed titration schedule up until they have reached 35% of total daily calories (~1-4 g/kg/day depending on age). If a subject has not reached the target of 35% of total daily calories, by the end of the 2-week fixed titration period, dose titration should continue until achieved or until the maximally tolerated dose has been established.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Schedule A | Experimental | Subjects previously treated with triheptanoin Receives: Drug: Triheptanoin |
| Schedule B | Experimental | Naïve to triheptanoin Receives: Drug: Triheptanoin |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Reported Change in Seizures Frequency From Baseline at 13 Weeks
A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit.
Measured: Baseline and 13 weeks
Reported Change in Seizures Frequency From Baseline at 26 Weeks
A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point.
Measured: Baseline and 26 weeks
Reported Change in Seizures Frequency From Baseline at 1 Year
A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point.
Measured: Baseline and one yr
Reported Change in Seizures Frequency From Baseline at 18 Months
A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point.
Measured: Baseline and 18 months
Reported Change in Seizures Frequency From Baseline at 2 Years
A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point.
Measured: Baseline and two yrs
Reported Change in Seizures Frequency From Baseline at 3 Years
A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point.
Measured: Baseline and three yrs
Reported Change in Seizure Frequency From Baseline at 4 Years
A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point.
Measured: Baseline and four yrs
Reported Change in Seizure Frequency From Baseline at 5 Years
A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point.
Measured: Baseline and five yrs
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Jan 2014 (estimated)
- Study start20 Feb 2014
- Primary completion30 Jun 2019
- Study completion30 Jun 2019
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (20)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Glucose Transporter Type-1 Deficiency Syndrome (Glut1 DS)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Adrian Lacy
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Adrian Lacy, Cook Children's Health Care System
- Investigators
- Adrian Lacy, MD, Principal investigator, Cook Children's Medical Center
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02036853
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2013-NEUR-001
- Acronym
- GLUT1DS
- Status last verified
- Jan 2021
- First submitted
- 13 Jan 2014
- Last updated
- 28 Jan 2021
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Johnson W Jr; Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of trilaurin, triarachidin, tribehenin, tricaprin, tricaprylin, trierucin, triheptanoin, triheptylundecanoin, triisononanoin, triisopalmitin, triisostearin, trilinolein, trimyristin, trioctanoin, triolein, tripalmitin, tripalmitolein, triricinolein, tristearin, triundecanoin, glyceryl triacetyl hydroxystearate, glyceryl triacetyl ricinoleate, and glyceryl stearate diacetate. Int J Toxicol. 2001;20 Suppl 4:61-94.
PubMed 11800053Pearson TS, Akman C, Hinton VJ, Engelstad K, De Vivo DC. Phenotypic spectrum of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1 DS). Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2013 Apr;13(4):342. doi: 10.1007/s11910-013-0342-7.
PubMed 23443458Pong AW, Geary BR, Engelstad KM, Natarajan A, Yang H, De Vivo DC. Glucose transporter type I deficiency syndrome: epilepsy phenotypes and outcomes. Epilepsia. 2012 Sep;53(9):1503-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03592.x. Epub 2012 Jul 19.
PubMed 22812641Roe CR. Inherited disorders of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation: a new responsibility for the neonatologist. Semin Neonatol. 2002 Feb;7(1):37-47. doi: 10.1053/siny.2002.0097.
PubMed 12069537Kinman RP, Kasumov T, Jobbins KA, Thomas KR, Adams JE, Brunengraber LN, Kutz G, Brewer WU, Roe CR, Brunengraber H. Parenteral and enteral metabolism of anaplerotic triheptanoin in normal rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Oct;291(4):E860-6. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00366.2005. Epub 2006 May 16.
PubMed 16705058Deng S, Zhang GF, Kasumov T, Roe CR, Brunengraber H. Interrelations between C4 ketogenesis, C5 ketogenesis, and anaplerosis in the perfused rat liver. J Biol Chem. 2009 Oct 9;284(41):27799-27807. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.048744. Epub 2009 Aug 8.
PubMed 19666922Gu L, Zhang GF, Kombu RS, Allen F, Kutz G, Brewer WU, Roe CR, Brunengraber H. Parenteral and enteral metabolism of anaplerotic triheptanoin in normal rats. II. Effects on lipolysis, glucose production, and liver acyl-CoA profile. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Feb;298(2):E362-71. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00384.2009. Epub 2009 Nov 10.
PubMed 19903863Marin-Valencia I, Good LB, Ma Q, Malloy CR, Pascual JM. Heptanoate as a neural fuel: energetic and neurotransmitter precursors in normal and glucose transporter I-deficient (G1D) brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013 Feb;33(2):175-82. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.151. Epub 2012 Oct 17.
PubMed 23072752Willis S, Stoll J, Sweetman L, Borges K. Anticonvulsant effects of a triheptanoin diet in two mouse chronic seizure models. Neurobiol Dis. 2010 Dec;40(3):565-72. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.07.017. Epub 2010 Aug 4.
PubMed 20691264Samala R, Willis S, Borges K. Anticonvulsant profile of a balanced ketogenic diet in acute mouse seizure models. Epilepsy Res. 2008 Oct;81(2-3):119-27. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2008.05.001. Epub 2008 Jun 18.
PubMed 18565731Kim TH, Borges K, Petrou S, Reid CA. Triheptanoin reduces seizure susceptibility in a syndrome-specific mouse model of generalized epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 2013 Jan;103(1):101-5. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.09.016. Epub 2012 Nov 26.
PubMed 23196212Ataíde TdaR, de Olivera SK, da Silva FM, Vitorino Filha LGC, do N Tavares MC, Sant'Ana AEG. Toxicological analysis of the chronic consumption of diheptanoin and triheptanoin in rats. Intl J Food Sci Tech. 2009;44:484-492
Roe CR, Sweetman L, Roe DS, David F, Brunengraber H. Treatment of cardiomyopathy and rhabdomyolysis in long-chain fat oxidation disorders using an anaplerotic odd-chain triglyceride. J Clin Invest. 2002 Jul;110(2):259-69. doi: 10.1172/JCI15311.
PubMed 12122118Roe CR, Mochel F. Anaplerotic diet therapy in inherited metabolic disease: therapeutic potential. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2006 Apr-Jun;29(2-3):332-40. doi: 10.1007/s10545-006-0290-3.
PubMed 16763896Mochel F, Duteil S, Marelli C, Jauffret C, Barles A, Holm J, Sweetman L, Benoist JF, Rabier D, Carlier PG, Durr A. Dietary anaplerotic therapy improves peripheral tissue energy metabolism in patients with Huntington's disease. Eur J Hum Genet. 2010 Sep;18(9):1057-60. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.72. Epub 2010 May 26.
PubMed 20512158
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Jan 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- An Open-Label Trial of Triheptanoin in Patients With Glucose Transporter Type-1 Deficiency Syndrome (GLUT1 DS)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02036853
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- GLUT1DS / 2013-NEUR-001
- Keywords
- Triheptanoin, Glut1 DS, Epilepsy, Seizures
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Adrian LacyUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc
- Study start
- 20 Feb 2014
- Primary completion
- 30 Jun 2019 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2019 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 Jan 2014 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 28 Jan 2021
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study is being done to assess the safety and long-term efficacy of triheptanoin in pediatric patients with Glut1 DS over a 5-year treatment period. Glut 1 is a protein that helps transport glucose to the brain. Glucose is the brain's primary source of energy. Glut 1 DS prevents this protein from being effectively produced, causing deprivation of energy to the neurons of the of the brain.
Glut1 DS is a severely debilitating disease characterized by seizures, developmental delay and movement disorder. There are currently no approved treatments specific to Glut1 DS. Treatment generally includes medications for control of seizures. The use of a ketogenic diet can be effective in controlling seizures when medications are ineffective or provide insufficient control. However, the ketogenic diet may be very difficult for patients to maintain for long periods of time, and there may be negative secondary long-term effects of ketogenic diet.. Triheptanoin is metabolized to molecules that can provide an alternative energy source to the brain, and appears to help in controlling seizures without many of the difficulties of the ketogenic diet.
Eligible patients may be those who have been diagnosed with GLUT1 DS, and have discontinued or are not currently on ketogenic diet, or are able to tolerate triheptanoin if they have been treated or are currently being treated with triheptanoin and do not qualify for any other clinical trial.
Detailed description
Triheptanoin is proposed for the treatment of seizures in glucose transporter type-1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1 DS). Glut1 DS is a rare disease with an estimated US prevalence of ~3,300.
The proposed study is an open-label study to assess the safety and long-term efficacy of triheptanoin in patients with Glut1 DS over a 5-year treatment period. Eligible patients may be those who are able to tolerate triheptanoin if they have been treated or are currently being treated with triheptanoin and do not qualify for any other clinical trial. Subjects previously treated with triheptanoin will continue to dose at approximately 35% of total daily calories (~1-4g/kg/day, depending on age). Subjects who are naïve to triheptanoin will begin a 2-week fixed titration schedule up until they have reached 35% of total daily calories.
The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the safety of triheptanoin via adverse event rates and laboratory values. The secondary objective is to evaluate the long-term efficacy of triheptanoin as measured by the change in seizure frequency from historical baseline.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Schedule A | Experimental | Drug: TriheptanoinSubjects previously treated with triheptanoin |
| Schedule B | Experimental | Drug: TriheptanoinNaïve to triheptanoin |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 1 year to 50 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Individuals eligible to participate in this study must meet all of the following criteria:
- Patients with GLUT1 DS by physician diagnosis
- Males and females, aged 1 to 50 years
- Allowed to be on concomitant AEDs
- Patients are able to tolerate triheptanoin if they have been (or are currently being) treated with this medication
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Individuals who meet any of the following exclusion criteria will not be eligible to participate in the study:
- Patients and their Legally Authorized Representatives (as appropriate) not willing or able to give written or verbal assent or written informed consent.
- Concomitant administration of a ketogenic diet for the treatment of GLUT1 deficiency
- Concomitant administration of valproic acid
- In the Investigator's opinion, the patient may not be compliant
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| TriheptanoinSchedule A: Subjects previously treated with triheptanoin will continue to dose at approximately 35% of total daily calories (~1-4g/kg/day, depending on age). Schedule B: Subjects who are naïve to triheptanoin will begin a 2-week fixed titration schedule up until they have reached 35% of total daily calories (~1-4 g/kg/day depending on age). If a subject has not reached the target of 35% of total daily calories, by the end of the 2-week fixed titration period, dose titration should continue until achieved or until the maximally tolerated dose has been established. | Drug | Schedule A, Schedule B |
Primary outcome
Reported Change in Seizures Frequency From Baseline at 13 Weeks
Time frame: Baseline and 13 weeks
A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit.
Reported Change in Seizures Frequency From Baseline at 26 Weeks
Time frame: Baseline and 26 weeks
A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point.
Reported Change in Seizures Frequency From Baseline at 1 Year
Time frame: Baseline and one yr
A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point.
Reported Change in Seizures Frequency From Baseline at 18 Months
Time frame: Baseline and 18 months
A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point.
Reported Change in Seizures Frequency From Baseline at 2 Years
Time frame: Baseline and two yrs
A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point.
Reported Change in Seizures Frequency From Baseline at 3 Years
Time frame: Baseline and three yrs
A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point.
Reported Change in Seizure Frequency From Baseline at 4 Years
Time frame: Baseline and four yrs
A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point.
Reported Change in Seizure Frequency From Baseline at 5 Years
Time frame: Baseline and five yrs
A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point.
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Jan 2021.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 11800053Johnson W Jr; Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of trilaurin, triarachidin, tribehenin, tricaprin, tricaprylin, trierucin, triheptanoin, triheptylundecanoin, triisononanoin, triisopalmitin, triisostearin, trilinolein, trimyristin, trioctanoin, triolein, tripalmitin, tripalmitolein, triricinolein, tristearin, triundecanoin, glyceryl triacetyl hydroxystearate, glyceryl triacetyl ricinoleate, and glyceryl stearate diacetate. Int J Toxicol. 2001;20 Suppl 4:61-94.
- Background: PubMed 23443458Pearson TS, Akman C, Hinton VJ, Engelstad K, De Vivo DC. Phenotypic spectrum of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1 DS). Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2013 Apr;13(4):342. doi: 10.1007/s11910-013-0342-7.
- Background: PubMed 22812641Pong AW, Geary BR, Engelstad KM, Natarajan A, Yang H, De Vivo DC. Glucose transporter type I deficiency syndrome: epilepsy phenotypes and outcomes. Epilepsia. 2012 Sep;53(9):1503-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03592.x. Epub 2012 Jul 19.
- Background: PubMed 12069537Roe CR. Inherited disorders of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation: a new responsibility for the neonatologist. Semin Neonatol. 2002 Feb;7(1):37-47. doi: 10.1053/siny.2002.0097.
- Background: PubMed 16705058Kinman RP, Kasumov T, Jobbins KA, Thomas KR, Adams JE, Brunengraber LN, Kutz G, Brewer WU, Roe CR, Brunengraber H. Parenteral and enteral metabolism of anaplerotic triheptanoin in normal rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Oct;291(4):E860-6. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00366.2005. Epub 2006 May 16.
- Background: PubMed 19666922Deng S, Zhang GF, Kasumov T, Roe CR, Brunengraber H. Interrelations between C4 ketogenesis, C5 ketogenesis, and anaplerosis in the perfused rat liver. J Biol Chem. 2009 Oct 9;284(41):27799-27807. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.048744. Epub 2009 Aug 8.
- Background: PubMed 19903863Gu L, Zhang GF, Kombu RS, Allen F, Kutz G, Brewer WU, Roe CR, Brunengraber H. Parenteral and enteral metabolism of anaplerotic triheptanoin in normal rats. II. Effects on lipolysis, glucose production, and liver acyl-CoA profile. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Feb;298(2):E362-71. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00384.2009. Epub 2009 Nov 10.
- Background: PubMed 23072752Marin-Valencia I, Good LB, Ma Q, Malloy CR, Pascual JM. Heptanoate as a neural fuel: energetic and neurotransmitter precursors in normal and glucose transporter I-deficient (G1D) brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013 Feb;33(2):175-82. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.151. Epub 2012 Oct 17.
- Background: PubMed 20691264Willis S, Stoll J, Sweetman L, Borges K. Anticonvulsant effects of a triheptanoin diet in two mouse chronic seizure models. Neurobiol Dis. 2010 Dec;40(3):565-72. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.07.017. Epub 2010 Aug 4.
- Background: PubMed 18565731Samala R, Willis S, Borges K. Anticonvulsant profile of a balanced ketogenic diet in acute mouse seizure models. Epilepsy Res. 2008 Oct;81(2-3):119-27. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2008.05.001. Epub 2008 Jun 18.
- Background: PubMed 23196212Kim TH, Borges K, Petrou S, Reid CA. Triheptanoin reduces seizure susceptibility in a syndrome-specific mouse model of generalized epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 2013 Jan;103(1):101-5. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.09.016. Epub 2012 Nov 26.
- BackgroundAtaíde TdaR, de Olivera SK, da Silva FM, Vitorino Filha LGC, do N Tavares MC, Sant'Ana AEG. Toxicological analysis of the chronic consumption of diheptanoin and triheptanoin in rats. Intl J Food Sci Tech. 2009;44:484-492
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Glut1 Deficiency Syndrome 1, Glucose Metabolism Disorders
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Adrian Lacy, MD principal investigator
Cook Children's Medical Center
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing Triheptanoin in people with Glucose Transporter Type-1 Deficiency Syndrome (Glut1 DS), run by Adrian Lacy at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Jan 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 28 Jan 2021). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Reported Change in Seizures Frequency From Baseline at 13 Weeks (time frame: Baseline and 13 weeks). The study lists 8 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02036853, which also lists 20 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Jan 2021.