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AzTrials

Prostate CancerProtecTNCT02044172

Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment

A study testing Radical prostatectomy, Conformal radiation therapy and Active monitoring in people with Prostate Cancer, run by University of Oxford at 8 sites in United Kingdom.

Active, not recruiting

Under way, not looking for participants. Everyone needed has enrolled. The study is still running.

Official record
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Trial summary

RATIONALE: Radical prostatectomy is surgery to remove the entire prostate. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill tumor cells. Sometimes the tumor may not need treatment until it progresses. In this case, active surveillance may be sufficient. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 50 to 69 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Prostate Cancer
What is being tested?
Radical prostatectomy, Conformal radiation therapy and Active monitoring
Type of treatment
Surgery or procedure
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
82,849 participants
Where
8 sitesUnited Kingdom
Study dates
1 Jun 2001to 31 Mar 2027
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 50 to 69 years
  • Men only
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Fit for the treatments and estimates life expectancy of 10 years Registration with eligible primary care practice

Who cannot join

  • Unable to give written informed consent. Concomitant or past malignancy.

Trial locations and contacts

8 sites in 1 country.

8 sites in 1 country

United Kingdom8 sites
  • Queen Elizabeth Hospital

    Birmingham

  • Southmead Hospital

    Bristol

  • Addenbrokes' Hospital

    Cambridge

  • University Hospital of Wales

    Cardiff

  • Western General Hospital

    Edinburgh

  • Leicester General Hospital

    Leicester

  • Freeman Hospital

    Newcastle

  • Royal Hallamshire Hospital

    Sheffield

Other trials in United Kingdom

About this study

Official title: The ProtecT Trial - Evaluating the Effectiveness of Treatments for Clinically Localised Prostate Cancer

RATIONALE: Radical prostatectomy is surgery to remove the entire prostate. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill tumor cells. Sometimes the tumor may not need treatment until it progresses. In this case, active surveillance may be sufficient. It is not yet known which treatment regimen is more effective for localized prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: This randomized phase III trial is studying active monitoring to see how well it works compared with radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy in treating patients with localized prostate cancer.

Read the detailed description

OBJECTIVES:

  • To assess survival of patients with localized prostate cancer at 10 years and 15 years after treatment.
  • To investigate disease progression (i.e., biochemical and clinical), treatment complications, and lower urinary tract symptoms in these patients.
  • To investigate the psychosocial impact of cancer detection and treatment on these patients, including generic health status, quality of life, and sexual function.
  • To estimate the resource use and costs of detection, treatment, and follow-up.
  • To compare costs and outcomes of treatment in terms of survival and health-related quality of life.
  • To collect samples suitable for basic science research (ProMPT study).

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients are stratified by age (50-55 vs 56-59 vs 60-65 vs 66-69 years), Gleason score (6, 7, 8-10), and average result of recruitment and first biopsy prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests (< 6 vs 6-9.9 vs ≥ 10 ng/mL). Patients are randomized or select a treatment to be followed up in a cohort study.

Conditions
Prostate Cancer
Being tested
Radical prostatectomy, Conformal radiation therapy, Active monitoring
Keywords
Prostate cancer, Treatment, Screening, Surgery, Radiotherapy, Active monitoring
Medical subject headings
Prostatic Neoplasms

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Radical prostatectomyProcedure or surgery

    radical prostatectomy

  • Conformal radiation therapyRadiation

    Conformal radiation therapy, external beam

  • Active monitoringOther

    Active monitoring of Prostate specific antigen levels and disease surveillance

Study groups in NCT02044172
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Radical prostatectomyActive comparatorRadical prostatectomy
Receives: Procedure: Radical prostatectomy
Conformal radiation therapyActive comparatorConformal radiation therapy External beam radiation therapy
Receives: Radiation: Conformal radiation therapy
Active monitoringActive comparatorActive monitoring of prostate specific antigen levels and disease surveillance
Receives: Other: Active monitoring

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Disease specific mortality

    Measured: Median 15 years follow up

Secondary outcomes (7)
  1. Overall survival

    Measured: Median 15 years

  2. Disease progression

    Metastases

    Measured: Median 15 years

  3. Treatment complications

    Measured: Median 15 years

  4. General health status

    Measured: Median 15 years

  5. Psychological state

    Measured: Median 15 years

  6. Symptoms

    Measured: Median 15 years

  7. Sexual function

    Measured: Median 15years

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted23 Jan 2014 (estimated)
  2. Study start1 Jun 2001
  3. Primary completion14 Nov 2020
  4. Study completion31 Mar 2027 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
82,849 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT02044172
Sponsor's protocol ID
HTA96/20/99
Other IDs
20141297
Acronym
ProtecT
Status last verified
Nov 2022
First submitted
21 Jan 2014
Last updated
14 Nov 2022
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes

Publications

  • Lane JA, Hamdy FC, Martin RM, Turner EL, Neal DE, Donovan JL. Latest results from the UK trials evaluating prostate cancer screening and treatment: the CAP and ProtecT studies. Eur J Cancer. 2010 Nov;46(17):3095-101. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.09.016.

    PubMed 21047592
  • Sushentsev N, Warren AY, Colling R, Verrill C, Pazukhina E, Blyuss O, Zaikin A, Seibert TM, Barrett T, Oxley J, Mills IG, Bryant RJ, Lane JA, Donovan JL, Neal DE, Hamdy FC. Long-term outcomes of cribriform-positive and cribriform-negative prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy in the ProtecT trial. BJU Int. 2026 Jun;137(6):984-991. doi: 10.1111/bju.70261. Epub 2026 Mar 27.

    PubMed 41896701
  • Sushentsev N, Warren AY, Colling R, Verrill C, Pazukhina E, Blyuss O, Seibert TM, Barrett T, Mills IG, Bryant RJ, Donovan JL, Neal DE, Hamdy FC. Active Monitoring, Surgery, and Radiotherapy for Cribriform-Positive and Cribriform-Negative Prostate Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of the PROTECT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2025 Dec 1;11(12):1512-1517. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.4125.

    PubMed 41100113
  • Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Lane JA, Young GJ, Metcalfe C, Walsh EI, Davis M, Steuart-Feilding T, Blazeby JM, Avery KNL, Martin RM, Bollina P, Doble A, Doherty A, Gillatt D, Gnanapragasam V, Hughes O, Kockelbergh R, Kynaston H, Paul A, Paez E, Powell P, Rosario DJ, Rowe E, Mason M, Catto JWF, Peters TJ, Wade J, Turner EL, Williams NJ, Oxley J, Staffurth J, Bryant RJ, Neal DE. Patient-Reported Outcomes 12 Years after Localized Prostate Cancer Treatment. NEJM Evid. 2023 Apr;2(4):EVIDoa2300018. doi: 10.1056/EVIDoa2300018. Epub 2023 Mar 11.

    PubMed 38320051
  • Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Lane JA, Metcalfe C, Davis M, Turner EL, Martin RM, Young GJ, Walsh EI, Bryant RJ, Bollina P, Doble A, Doherty A, Gillatt D, Gnanapragasam V, Hughes O, Kockelbergh R, Kynaston H, Paul A, Paez E, Powell P, Rosario DJ, Rowe E, Mason M, Catto JWF, Peters TJ, Oxley J, Williams NJ, Staffurth J, Neal DE; ProtecT Study Group. Fifteen-Year Outcomes after Monitoring, Surgery, or Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2023 Apr 27;388(17):1547-1558. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2214122. Epub 2023 Mar 11.

    PubMed 36912538
  • Sanghera S, Mohiuddin S, Coast J, Garfield K, Noble S, Metcalfe C, Lane JA, Turner EL, Neal D, Hamdy FC, Martin RM, Donovan JL; ProtecT study group. Modelling the lifetime cost-effectiveness of radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy and active monitoring for men with clinically localised prostate cancer from median 10-year outcomes in the ProtecT randomised trial. BMC Cancer. 2020 Oct 7;20(1):971. doi: 10.1186/s12885-020-07276-4.

    PubMed 33028256
  • Noble SM, Garfield K, Lane JA, Metcalfe C, Davis M, Walsh EI, Martin RM, Turner EL, Peters TJ, Thorn JC, Mason M, Bollina P, Catto JWF, Doherty A, Gnanapragasam V, Hughes O, Kockelbergh R, Kynaston H, Paul A, Paez E, Rosario DJ, Rowe E, Oxley J, Staffurth J, Neal DE, Hamdy FC, Donovan JL. The ProtecT randomised trial cost-effectiveness analysis comparing active monitoring, surgery, or radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Br J Cancer. 2020 Sep;123(7):1063-1070. doi: 10.1038/s41416-020-0978-4. Epub 2020 Jul 16.

    PubMed 32669672
  • Donovan JL, Opmeer B, Young GJ, Mills N, Martin RM, Lane JA, Metcalfe C, Peters TJ, Davis M, Turner EL, Walsh E, Neal DE, Hamdy FC; ProtecT Study Group. Factors associated with trial recruitment, preferences, and treatments received were elucidated in a comprehensive cohort study. J Clin Epidemiol. 2019 Sep;113:200-213. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.036. Epub 2019 Jun 3.

    PubMed 31170515
  • Donovan JL, Young GJ, Walsh EI, Metcalfe C, Lane JA, Martin RM, Tazewell MK, Davis M, Peters TJ, Turner EL, Mills N, Khazragui H, Khera TK, Neal DE, Hamdy FC; ProtecT Study Group. A prospective cohort and extended comprehensive-cohort design provided insights about the generalizability of a pragmatic trial: the ProtecT prostate cancer trial. J Clin Epidemiol. 2018 Apr;96:35-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.12.019. Epub 2017 Dec 27.

    PubMed 29288137
  • Young GJ, Harrison S, Turner EL, Walsh EI, Oliver SE, Ben-Shlomo Y, Evans S, Lane JA, Neal DE, Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Martin RM, Metcalfe C. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing of men in UK general practice: a 10-year longitudinal cohort study. BMJ Open. 2017 Oct 30;7(10):e017729. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017729.

    PubMed 29084797
  • Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Lane JA, Mason M, Metcalfe C, Walsh E, Blazeby JM, Peters TJ, Holding P, Bonnington S, Lennon T, Bradshaw L, Cooper D, Herbert P, Howson J, Jones A, Lyons N, Salter E, Thompson P, Tidball S, Blaikie J, Gray C, Bollina P, Catto J, Doble A, Doherty A, Gillatt D, Kockelbergh R, Kynaston H, Paul A, Powell P, Prescott S, Rosario DJ, Rowe E, Davis M, Turner EL, Martin RM, Neal DE; ProtecT Study Group*. Patient-Reported Outcomes after Monitoring, Surgery, or Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016 Oct 13;375(15):1425-1437. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1606221. Epub 2016 Sep 14.

    PubMed 27626365
  • Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Lane JA, Mason M, Metcalfe C, Holding P, Davis M, Peters TJ, Turner EL, Martin RM, Oxley J, Robinson M, Staffurth J, Walsh E, Bollina P, Catto J, Doble A, Doherty A, Gillatt D, Kockelbergh R, Kynaston H, Paul A, Powell P, Prescott S, Rosario DJ, Rowe E, Neal DE; ProtecT Study Group. 10-Year Outcomes after Monitoring, Surgery, or Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016 Oct 13;375(15):1415-1424. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1606220. Epub 2016 Sep 14.

    PubMed 27626136
  • Wade J, Holding PN, Bonnington S, Rooshenas L, Lane JA, Salter CE, Tilling K, Speakman MJ, Brewster SF, Evans S, Neal DE, Hamdy FC, Donovan JL; ProtecT Study Group. Establishing nurse-led active surveillance for men with localised prostate cancer: development and formative evaluation of a model of care in the ProtecT trial. BMJ Open. 2015 Sep 18;5(9):e008953. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008953.

    PubMed 26384727
  • Kote-Jarai Z, Mikropoulos C, Leongamornlert DA, Dadaev T, Tymrakiewicz M, Saunders EJ, Jones M, Jugurnauth-Little S, Govindasami K, Guy M, Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Neal DE, Lane JA, Dearnaley D, Wilkinson RA, Sawyer EJ, Morgan A, Antoniou AC, Eeles RA; UK Genetic Prostate Cancer Study Collaborators, and the ProtecT Study Group. Prevalence of the HOXB13 G84E germline mutation in British men and correlation with prostate cancer risk, tumour characteristics and clinical outcomes. Ann Oncol. 2015 Apr;26(4):756-761. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdv004. Epub 2015 Jan 16.

    PubMed 25595936
  • Oxley J, Simpkin A, Goepel J, Varma M, Griffiths D, Grigor K, Mayer N, Warren A, Deshmukh N, Bhattarai S, Dormer J, Hounsome L, Adamczyk LA, Metcalfe C, Lane JA, Davis M, Donovan JL, Neal DE, Hamdy FC, Robinson MC; ProtecT Study Group. Gleason drift in the NIHR ProtecT study. Histopathology. 2015 Feb;66(3):438-46. doi: 10.1111/his.12549. Epub 2015 Jan 7.

    PubMed 25231130

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Radical prostatectomy, Conformal radiation therapy and Active monitoring in people with Prostate Cancer, run by University of Oxford at 8 sites in United Kingdom.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Nov 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 8 sites in United Kingdom. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Disease specific mortality (time frame: Median 15 years follow up). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02044172, which also lists 17 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Nov 2022.

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