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Renal Cell CarcinomaPhase 1/2NCT02089685

Safety and Tolerability of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) + Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2b and Pembrolizumab+ Ipilimumab in Participants With Advanced Melanoma or Renal Cell Carcinoma (MK-3475-029/KEYNOTE-29)

A Phase 1/2 study testing Pembrolizumab, PegIFN-2b and Ipilimumab in people with Renal Cell Carcinoma and Melanoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

This study is being done to analyze the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of treatment for advanced melanoma (MEL) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using combination regimens of pembrolizumab + pegylated interferon alfa-2b (PegIFN-2b) and pembrolizumab + ipilimumab (IPI). Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older
Conditions the study is for
Renal Cell Carcinoma, Melanoma
What is being tested?
Pembrolizumab, PegIFN-2b and Ipilimumab
Type of treatment
Injection or infusion
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
295 participants
Where
No sites listed yet
Study dates
17 Mar 2014to 1 Apr 2021
Phase
Phase 1/2
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Histologically- or cytologically-confirmed diagnosis of advanced/unresectable or metastatic MEL or RCC (Part 1A only) with predominantly clear cell elements
  • Previously untreated stage III/IV advanced or metastatic MEL (Part 1C only)
  • MEL subjects may be treatment naïve or may have received prior lines of therapy for metastatic disease (Parts 1A and 1B)
  • RCC subjects must have received ≥1 prior line of therapy for metastatic disease (Part 1A)
  • Measurable disease as defined by RECIST 1.1
  • Must provide a tumor sample (archival or newly obtained biopsy) that is adequate for determination of PD (programmed cell death)-Ligand 1 status by immunohistochemistry at a central pathology laboratory prior to enrollment. Note: Adequacy of the tumor sample for PD-Ligand 1 testing is not required prior to enrollment in Part 1C
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  • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status of 0 or 1
  • Adequate organ function
  • Resolution of toxic effect(s) of the most recent prior chemotherapy to Grade 1 or less (Parts 1A and 1B) and/or recovered from major surgery or radiation therapy
  • Female participants of childbearing potential must be willing to use adequate contraception during the course of the study through 120 days after the last dose of study drug
  • Male participants must agree to use an adequate method of contraception starting with the first dose of study therapy through 120 days after the last dose of study drug

Who cannot join

  • Uveal or ocular MEL
  • Prior therapy with an anti-programmed cell death (anti-PD)-1, anti-PD-Ligand 1, anti-PD-Ligand 2 or with an agent directed to another co-inhibitory T-cell receptor or has previously participated in a pembrolizumab clinical trial. Note: In Part 1C, participants may have received anti-PD-1 and/or anti-Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (anti-CTLA-4) as part of their neo/adjuvant treatment.
  • Has received prior anti-cancer therapy, monoclonal antibody, chemotherapy, or an investigational agent or device within 4 weeks or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) before first dose of trial drug or not recovered (≤ Grade 1 or at baseline) from AEs due to previously administered agents (Parts 1A and 1B)
  • Diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving chronic systemic steroid therapy (dosing exceeding 10 mg daily of prednisone equivalent) or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug
  • Known additional malignancy that is progressing or requires active treatment with the exception of early stage cancers (carcinoma in situ or Stage 1) treated with curative intent, basal cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, or in situ cervical cancer or in situ breast cancer that has undergone potentially curative therapy
  • Known active central nervous system (CNS) metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis
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  • Severe hypersensitivity to any pembrolizumab excipients
  • Active autoimmune disease requiring systemic treatment in the past 2 years
  • History of (non-infectious) pneumonitis that required steroids or has current pneumonitis
  • Active infection requiring systemic therapy
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the trial from screening through 120 days after the last dose of study drug
  • Prior therapy with interferon alfa (in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or metastatic settings) (Part 1A only)
  • Uncontrolled thyroid dysfunction
  • Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
  • Known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
  • Known history of or is positive for Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C
  • Received a live vaccine within 30 days prior to first dose of study drug

About this study

Official title: A Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial to Study the Safety and Tolerability of MK-3475 + Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2b (PEG-IFN) and MK-3475 + Ipilimumab (IPI) in Subjects With Advanced Melanoma (MEL) and Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) (KEYNOTE 029)

This study is being done to analyze the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of treatment for advanced melanoma (MEL) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using combination regimens of pembrolizumab + pegylated interferon alfa-2b (PegIFN-2b) and pembrolizumab + ipilimumab (IPI). The primary hypothesis is that these combinations will be sufficiently well-tolerated to permit continued clinical investigation.

Read the detailed description

The trial is being done in three parts: Part 1A (MEL and RCC) will define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD)/maximum administered dose (MAD) for the drug combinations; a recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) for each combination will be identified. Part 1B (MEL-single arm expansion) will better characterize safety and efficacy and provide preliminary efficacy data for the pembrolizumab + IPI combination in participants with MEL. Part 1C (MEL) is added as the third part of the study with Amendment 3. Part 1C will evaluate safety and efficacy for different doses and dosing intervals for IPI in combination with pembrolizumab in participants with advanced MEL.

In the pembrolizumab + IPI study arms, qualified participants who receive the first course but experience disease progression after discontinuing pembrolizumab with stable disease or better, may, at the investigator's discretion, initiate a second course of pembrolizumab at the same dose and schedule for up to 17 doses (up to ~1 additional year) + IPI at the same dose and schedule for up to 4 doses (up to ~12 additional weeks). In the pembrolizumab + PEG-IFN study arms, qualified participants who receive the first course but experience disease progression after discontinuing pembrolizumab with stable disease or better may, at the investigator's discretion, initiate a second course of pembrolizumab at the same dose and schedule for up to 17 doses (up to ~1 additional year). Per protocol, response or progression during the second course will not count towards efficacy outcome measure and adverse events during the second course will not count towards safety outcome measures.

Part 2 (MEL and RCC) is a randomized portion of the trial and will evaluate preliminary efficacy of the drug combinations for advanced MEL participants. Part 2 was removed from the study with Amendment 3 of the protocol.

Being tested
Pembrolizumab, PegIFN-2b, Ipilimumab
Medical subject headings
Carcinoma, Renal Cell, Melanoma

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • PembrolizumabBiological

    Also called KEYTRUDA®, MK-3475

    IV infusion

  • PegIFN-2bBiological

    Also called PegIntron®, Sylatron®

    Subcutaneous infusion

  • IpilimumabBiological

    Also called Yervoy®

    IV infusion

Study groups in NCT02089685
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Pembrolizumab + PegIFN-2bExperimentalParticipants in Part 1A receive pembrolizumab intravenously (IV) 200 mg every three weeks (Q3W) + PEG-IFN at assigned dose subcutaneously (SC) once a week for up to ~2 years.
Receives: Biological: Pembrolizumab; Biological: PegIFN-2b
Pembrolizumab + IPI Q3WExperimentalParticipants in Parts 1A and 1B receive pembrolizumab IV 200 mg Q3W for up to ~2 years + IPI IV 1 mg/kg Q3W for up to ~12 weeks.
Receives: Biological: Pembrolizumab; Biological: Ipilimumab
Pembrolizumab + IPI Q6WExperimentalParticipants in Part 1C receive pembrolizumab IV 200 mg Q3W for up to ~2 years + IPI IV 50 mg every 6 weeks (Q6W) for up to ~24 weeks.
Receives: Biological: Pembrolizumab; Biological: Ipilimumab
Pembrolizumab + IPI Q12WExperimentalParticipants in Part 1C receive pembrolizumab IV 200 mg Q3W for up to ~2 years + IPI IV 100 mg every 12 weeks (Q12W) for up to ~48 weeks.
Receives: Biological: Pembrolizumab; Biological: Ipilimumab

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Percentage of Participants With Dose-limiting Toxicities (DLTs) (Part 1A)

    Participants in Part 1A were analyzed for DLTs. DLTs included all adverse experiences that were clearly not related to disease progression or intercurrent illness if judged by the investigator to be possibly, probably, or definitely related to study intervention. Reported adverse experiences used the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 4.0. DLTs were analyzed and reported separately for protocol specified clinical indications of metastatic melanoma (MEL) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Part 1A: Part 1A Pembrolizumab + IPI 1mg/kg (MEL), Part 1A Pembrolizumab + IPI 1 mg/kg (RCC), Part 1A Pembrolizumab + PEG-IFN 1 µg/kg (MEL), Part 1A Pembrolizumab + PEG-IFN 1 µg/kg (RCC), Part 1A Pembrolizumab + PEG-IFN 2 µg/kg (RCC). Per protocol, DLT outcome analysis did not include Parts 1B and 1C.

    Measured: Up to ~6 Weeks

  2. Percentage of Participants Experiencing Adverse Events (AEs)

    An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which did not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE could therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign, symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product or protocol-specified procedure, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product or protocol-specified procedure. Any worsening of a pre-existing condition that was temporally associated with the use of the Sponsor's product was also an AE. Reported adverse experiences used the Common Terminology for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 4.0.The number of participants who experienced at least one AE was reported.

    Measured: Up to ~84 months

  3. Percentage of Participants Discontinuing Study Drug Due to AEs

    An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which did not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE could therefore be any unfavourable and unintended sign, symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product or protocol-specified procedure, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product or protocol-specified procedure. Any worsening of a pre-existing condition that was temporally associated with the use of the Sponsor's product was also an AE. Reported adverse experiences used the CTCAE Version 4.0. The percentage of participants who discontinued study treatment due to an AE was reported.

    Measured: Up to ~24 months

  4. Percentage of Participants Experiencing Adverse Events of Special Interest (AEOSIs) (Parts 1B and 1C)

    AEOSIs consist of immune-mediated events, infusion reactions and depression. Events include Pneumonitis, Colitis, Hepatitis, Nephritis, Adrenal Insufficiency, Hypophysitis, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Thyroiditis, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Skin Disorders, Uveitis, Pancreatitis, Myositis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Myocarditis, Encephalitis, Sarcoidosis, Infusion Reactions, Myasthenic Syndrome, Myelitis, Vasculitis, and Cholangitis Sclerosing. Per protocol Part 1B and Part 1C are reported. Part 1A was not included in the AEOIs outcome analysis, per protocol.

    Measured: Up to ~84 months

  5. Percentage of Participants Experiencing Grade 3-5 Drug-related AEs (Part 1C)

    Participants in Part 1C who experienced grade 3-5 drug-related AEs (DRAEs) using CTCAE Version 4.0 are presented. Grade 3-5 DRAEs for Parts 1A and 1B was a secondary outcome analysis, per protocol and reported later in the record.

    Measured: Up to ~84 months

  6. Objective Response Rate (ORR) (Part 1C)

    ORR was defined as the percentage of participants who had a Complete Response (CR: Disappearance of all target lesions) or a Partial Response (PR: At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions) as assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1. The percentage of participants who experienced a CR or PR is presented. Per protocol, ORR in Part 1C was planned and conducted as a pre-specified primary outcome analysis. ORR in Part 1B was planned and conducted as a protocol-specified secondary outcome analysis and has been reported later in the record. Outcome analysis of ORR in Part 1A was not planned or conducted in this study, per protocol.

    Measured: Up to ~84 months

  7. Progression-free Survival (PFS) (Part 2)

    PFS was defined as the time from randomization to the first documented progressive disease (PD) or death due to any cause, whichever occurred first. Per RECIST 1.1, PD was defined as ≥20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also have demonstrated an absolute increase of ≥5 mm. The appearance of one or more new lesions was also considered PD. PFS was to be assessed by independent central review per RECIST 1.1. Part 2 of the study was not conducted, based on protocol specified criteria and this Part 2 specific outcome measure could not be reported.

    Measured: Up to ~84 months

Secondary outcomes (10)

  1. Objective Response Rate (ORR) (Part 1B)

    ORR was defined as the percentage of participants who had a CR: Disappearance of all target lesions or a PR: At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions as assessed using RECIST 1.1. The percentage of participants who experienced a CR or PR is presented. Per protocol, ORR in Part 1B was planned and conducted as a pre-specified secondary outcome analysis. ORR in Part 1C was planned and conducted as a protocol-specified primary outcome analysis and has been reported earlier in the record. Outcome analysis of ORR in Part 1A was not planned or conducted in this study, per protocol.

    Measured: Up to ~84 months

  2. ORR by Programmed-death Receptor-ligand 1 (PD-L1) Status Using RECIST 1.1 (Parts 1B and 1C)

    ORR was defined as the percentage of participants who had a CR: Disappearance of all target lesions or a PR: At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions as assessed using RECIST 1.1. The percentage of participants that experienced a CR or PR by PD-L1 status is presented. PD-L1 positivity was defined as ≥1% staining in tumor and inflammatory cells, while PD-L1 negativity is defined as <1% staining. ORR for participants in Parts 1B and 1C with measurable disease at baseline based on central independent review, who had ORR data available for PD-L1+ and PD-L1- participants are presented. Outcome analysis of ORR in Part 1A was not planned or conducted in this study, per protocol.

    Measured: Up to ~84 months

  3. Percentage of Participants With an Ordinal Response, Estimated by a Best Overall Response of VGPR or MPR (Parts 1B and 1C)

    Ordinal response, per RECIST 1.1 included the best overall responses of Very Good Partial Response ([VGPR]>60% tumor reduction) as well as Moderate Partial Response ([MPR]>30%- ≤60% tumor reduction). The percentage of participants in Part 1B and 1C who experienced a MPR or VGPR (based on the degree of tumor shrinkage) in participants with advanced melanoma is presented. Outcome analysis of ordinal response in Part 1A was not planned or conducted in this study, per protocol.

    Measured: Up to ~84 months

  4. Duration of Response (DOR) (Parts 1B and 1C)

    DOR was defined as the time from first documented evidence of a CR or PR until progressive disease (PD) or death. DOR for participants who had not progressed or died at the time of analysis was to be censored at the date of their last tumor assessment. Per RECIST 1.1, PD was defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions as well as an absolute increase of at least a 5 mm in the sum of diameters. The appearance of one or more new lesions was also considered PD. DOR assessments were based on central imaging review with confirmation. The DOR as assessed using RECIST 1.1 for participants with measurable disease at baseline based on central independent review in Parts 1B and 1C who experienced a confirmed CR or PR with DOR data available is presented. Outcome analysis of DOR in Part 1A was not planned or conducted in this study, per protocol.

    Measured: Up to ~84 months

  5. Progression-free Survival (PFS) (Parts 1B and 1C)

    PFS was defined as the time from randomization to the first documented PD or death due to any cause, whichever occurred first. Per RECIST 1.1, PD was defined as ≥20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also have demonstrated an absolute increase of ≥5 mm. The appearance of one or more new lesions was also considered PD. PFS as assessed by independent central review per RECIST 1.1 for all participants who received at least one dose of study treatment in Part 1B and all randomized participants in Part 1C, who had PFS data available is presented. Outcome analysis of PFS in Part 1A was not planned or conducted in this study, per protocol.

    Measured: Up to ~84 months

  6. Overall Survival (OS) (Parts 1B and 1C)

    OS was defined as the time from randomization to death due to any cause. OS for all participants who received at least one dose of study treatment in Part 1B and all randomized participants in Part 1C, who had OS data available is presented. Outcome analysis of OS in Part 1A was not planned or conducted in this study, per protocol.

    Measured: Up to ~84 months

  7. PFS by PD-L1 Status Using RECIST 1.1 (Parts 1B and 1C)

    PFS was defined as the time from randomization to the first documented PD or death due to any cause, whichever occurred first. Per RECIST 1.1, PD was defined as ≥20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also have demonstrated an absolute increase of ≥5 mm. The appearance of one or more new lesions was also considered PD. PD-L1 positivity was defined as ≥1% staining in tumor and inflammatory cells, while PD-L1 negativity is defined as <1% staining. PFS for all participants who received at least one dose of study treatment in Part 1B and all randomized participants in Part 1C, who had PFS data available for PD-L1+ and PD-L1- participants is presented. Outcome analysis of PFS in Part 1A was not planned or conducted in this study, per protocol.

    Measured: Up to ~84 months

  8. OS by PD-L1 Status Using RECIST 1.1 (Parts 1B and 1C)

    OS was defined as the time from randomization to death due to any cause. PD-L1 positivity was defined as ≥1% staining in tumor and inflammatory cells, while PD-L1 negativity is defined as <1% staining. OS for all participants who received at least one dose of study treatment in Part 1B and all randomized participants in Part 1C, who had OS data available for PD-L1+ and PD-L1- participants is presented. Outcome analysis of OS in Part 1A was not planned or conducted in this study, per protocol.

    Measured: Up to ~84 months

  9. Percentage of Participants Experiencing Grade 3-5 DRAEs (Parts 1A and 1B)

    Participants in Parts 1A and 1B who experienced DRAEs using CTCAE Version 4.0 are presented. Grade 3-5 DRAEs for Part 1C was a primary outcome analysis, per protocol and reported earlier in the record.

    Measured: Up to ~84 months

  10. ORR (Part 2)

    ORR was defined as the percentage of participants who had a Complete Response (CR: Disappearance of all target lesions) or a Partial Response (PR: At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions) as assessed using RECIST 1.1. Part 2 of the study was not conducted, based on protocol specified criteria and this Part 2 specific outcome measure was not reported.

    Measured: Up to ~84 months

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted18 Mar 2014 (estimated)
  2. Study start17 Mar 2014
  3. Primary completion1 Apr 2021
  4. Study completion1 Apr 2021

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 1/2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
295 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT02089685
Sponsor's protocol ID
3475-029
Other IDs
MK-3475-029, KEYNOTE-29, 2013-004072-36
Status last verified
Aug 2022
First submitted
14 Mar 2014
Last updated
13 Sep 2022
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Yes: http://engagezone.msd.com/doc/ProcedureAccessClinicalTrialData.pdf

Publications

  • Long GV, Atkinson V, Cebon JS, Jameson MB, Fitzharris BM, McNeil CM, Hill AG, Ribas A, Atkins MB, Thompson JA, Hwu WJ, Hodi FS, Menzies AM, Guminski AD, Kefford R, Kong BY, Tamjid B, Srivastava A, Lomax AJ, Islam M, Shu X, Ebbinghaus S, Ibrahim N, Carlino MS. Standard-dose pembrolizumab in combination with reduced-dose ipilimumab for patients with advanced melanoma (KEYNOTE-029): an open-label, phase 1b trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017 Sep;18(9):1202-1210. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30428-X. Epub 2017 Jul 17.

    PubMed 28729151

  • Carlino MS, Menzies AM, Atkinson V, Cebon JS, Jameson MB, Fitzharris BM, McNeil CM, Hill AG, Ribas A, Atkins MB, Thompson JA, Hwu WJ, Hodi FS, Guminski AD, Kefford R, Wu H, Ibrahim N, Homet Moreno B, Long GV. Long-term Follow-up of Standard-Dose Pembrolizumab Plus Reduced-Dose Ipilimumab in Patients with Advanced Melanoma: KEYNOTE-029 Part 1B. Clin Cancer Res. 2020 Oct 1;26(19):5086-5091. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-0177. Epub 2020 Jun 30.

    PubMed 32605909

  • Atkins MB, Hodi FS, Thompson JA, McDermott DF, Hwu WJ, Lawrence DP, Dawson NA, Wong DJ, Bhatia S, James M, Jain L, Robey S, Shu X, Homet Moreno B, Perini RF, Choueiri TK, Ribas A. Pembrolizumab Plus Pegylated Interferon alfa-2b or Ipilimumab for Advanced Melanoma or Renal Cell Carcinoma: Dose-Finding Results from the Phase Ib KEYNOTE-029 Study. Clin Cancer Res. 2018 Apr 15;24(8):1805-1815. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-3436. Epub 2018 Jan 22.

    PubMed 29358500

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 1/2 study testing Pembrolizumab, PegIFN-2b and Ipilimumab in people with Renal Cell Carcinoma and Melanoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 11 inclusion and 17 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Sep 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this combined phase mean?

Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.

Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 18 May 2022). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Percentage of Participants With Dose-limiting Toxicities (DLTs) (Part 1A) (time frame: Up to ~6 Weeks). The study lists 7 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02089685, which also lists 3 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Sep 2022.

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