Patellofemoral Pain SyndromeNCT02114294
Hip Strengthening Versus Quadriceps Based Training for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
A study testing Isolated hip strengthening and Quadriceps based training in people with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, run by Sorlandet Hospital HF at 1 site in Norway.
Trial summary
This is a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) regarding conservative treatment of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS). Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is a very common cause of knee pain in young active adults with a high rate of recurrent and/or chronic occurrence. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 16 to 40 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
- What is being tested?
- Isolated hip strengthening and Quadriceps based training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 112 participants
- Where
- 1 siteNorway
- Study dates
- Sep 2014to Dec 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 16 to 40 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age 16-40 years
- Insidious onset of symptoms not related to trauma
- Symptoms more than 3 months
- A minimum of VAS 3 on VAS-W
- Peri- or retropatellar pain during or after at least two of the following: Stair ascent or descent, hopping, running, prolonged sitting, squatting, kneeling.
- Pain on one of the following: Compression of the patella, palpation of the patellar facets
Who cannot join
- Clinical findings indicative of meniscal or other intraarticular injury
- Clinical findings indicative of injury to or increased laxity of cruciate or collateral ligaments
- Findings on MRI indicative of other intraarticular pathology.
- Clinical and/or x-ray findings (plain anterior-posterior, lateral and skyline view) indicative of osteoarthritis, Osgood-Schlatter or Sinding-Larsen-Johanssen syndrome
- Clinical findings indicative of knee joint effusion
- Significant pain from hip or lumbar spine on clinical evaluation, with potential for causing referred pain to the knee or hindering the patient's ability to perform the prescribed exercises.
Show all 11Show fewer
- Recurrent patellar subluxation or dislocation.
- Previous surgery to the knee joint
- NSAID or cortisone use over an extended period of time
- Having suffered trauma to the knee joint judged during clinical evaluation to have a significant effect on the presenting clinical condition.
- Physiotherapy or other similar treatment for patellofemoral pain syndrome within the previous 3 months
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Does Isolated Hip Strengthening for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Give Better Long Term Results Than Traditional Quadriceps Based Training? A Randomised Controlled Trial.
This is a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) regarding conservative treatment of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS). Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is a very common cause of knee pain in young active adults with a high rate of recurrent and/or chronic occurrence. PFPS is notoriously difficult to treat and has been referred to as "one of the most vexatious clinical challenges in rehabilitative medicine". Its etiology is unclear but is commonly thought to be related to pathomechanics in the patellofemoral joint (PFJ). There are many factors that can influence PFJ mechanics. Among these, quadriceps strength and timing has been shown to be important. As such, treatment of PFPS has traditionally been based on correction of pathomechanics through influencing quadriceps strength and timing. However, a growing body of evidence is revealing the importance of strength and control of hip abduction and external rotation in PFPS. Hip strength in ab/adduction and rotation is thought to influence femoral positioning in the patellofemoral joint, thereby affecting PFJ mechanics. Several cohort and smaller RCT studies within the last 7 years have shown that additional exercises for hip strength and control give an improved effect in pain and function compared with quadriceps based training alone. A smaller RCT from 2012 compared isolated hip strengthening exercises to a control group and found surprisingly good results on pain in function in the hip strengthening group. The investigators plan a RCT in which isolated hip strengthening will be compared to traditional quadriceps training and a control group which will receive no structured training. Primary outcomes will be pain and function. This high-quality study will include 40-50 patients in each group, making it one of the largest of its kind on conservative treatment for PFPS. In contrast to the vast majority of studies of this type, this study will also include men, which will potentially help to fill a significant gap in the literature on this subject. The investigators study will therefore be an important contribution to elucidating the etiology of PFPS and improving treatment options for both men and women in the future. As well, the role of psychometric parameters will be examined and a standardized clinical test for hip abduction endurance will be developed. Follow-up at 3 months and 12 months is completed and published. A 5-year follow-up of the same patients is underway.
- Conditions
- Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
- Being tested
- Isolated hip strengthening, Quadriceps based training, Active control
- Keywords
- Patellofemoral pain syndrome, Anterior knee pain, Randomised controlled trial, Exercise intervention, Hip strengthening, Quadriceps based training, Anterior knee pain score
- Medical subject headings
- Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Isolated hip strengtheningOther
Exercise program that is carried out by subjects under supervision once a week and then performed at home 2 additional times without supervision for a total of 6 weeks. Hip strengthening group will train hip abduction, hip external rotation and hip extension.
Quadriceps based trainingOther
Exercise program that is carried out by subjects under supervision once a week and then performed at home 2 additional times without supervision for a total of 6 weeks. Quadriceps group will train mini-squat, straight leg raising, terminal extensions.
Active controlOther
Patients receive standardised information concerning patellofemoral pain syndrome, but receive no prescribed exercise regime. They are encouraged to remain active.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Isolated hip strengthening | Experimental | Isolated hip strengthening (abduction, external rotation, extension) Receives: Other: Isolated hip strengthening |
| Quadriceps based training | Active comparator | Quadriceps based training (mini-squat, straight leg raising, terminal extensions) Receives: Other: Quadriceps based training |
| Active control | Other | Patients receive standardised information concerning patellofemoral pain syndrome, but receive no prescribed exercise regime. They are encouraged to remain active. Receives: Other: Active control |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Anterior knee pain score
Anterior Knee Pain Score (AKPS) is a measurement of subjective symptoms and functional limitations in patellofemoral pain, and has been validated for use in this patient population. The AKPS consists of a 13-point questionnaire with categories related to different levels of function in the knee. The categories within each question are weighted, and the responses are summed for an overall index where 100 represents perfect function. The mean clinically important difference (MCID) has been determined to be 10 points. This questionnaire will be translated to Norwegian and validated according to standard scientific procedures with approval from Kuala et al.
Measured: 3 months
Secondary outcomes (10)
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain (0-10cm)
Measured: 3 months
Global Score Global Score
An 18-point likert scale for measuring patients' global assessment of change compared with baseline will be carried out at 3 and 12 months. The scale ranges from -9 (maximum deterioration) to +9 (maximum improvement).
Measured: 3 months
Step-down test
The step down as performed according to standardised instruction will be used to quantify changes in patients' function. The measure is number of repetitions in 30 seconds.
Measured: 3 months
Hip abduction, external rotation and knee extension strength
Isometric strength will be measured for hip abduction, hip external rotation and knee extension.
Measured: 3 months
Hip abduction endurance
Testing is carried out in side-lying position with a 5kg weight around the ankle of the upper leg, which is abducted to 30 degrees above the horizontal plane. Time successfully held in target area is measured in seconds.
Measured: 3 months
EQ 5D 5L
EQ-5D-5L is calculated on the basis of five questions about daily activities, pain and psychological status with five possible answers for each question. In addition the subject scores his/her overall health on a 1-100 scale. The results are translated to a single summary index value through the use of a table
Measured: 3 months
Tampa scale for kinesiophobia
The Tampa scale for kinesiophobia (TSK) is a 13 -item questionnaire aimed at the assessment of fear of movement/re-injury. Each item is scored on a 4-point Likert scale with alternatives ranging from "strongly disagree" (0) to "strongly agree". This gives a possible total score range from 0 to 52.
Measured: 3 months
HSCL-10
The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) is a symptom inventory which measures symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Measured: 3 months
Knee self-efficacy score (K-SES)
K-SES is a self-administered instrument consisting of in total four sections in which patients score how certain they are about specific activities currently and in the future.
Measured: 3 months
Pain drawing with number of painful regions
An adaptation of the Standardised Nordic Questionnaire will be used to register the number of painful areas.
Measured: 3 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Apr 2014 (estimated)
- Study startSep 2014
- Primary completionJan 2019
- Study completionDec 2023 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (14)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Patellofemoral Pain SyndromeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 112 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Sorlandet Hospital HF
- Sponsor type
- Other government
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Sigurd Liavaag, MD, PhD, Study director, Sørlandet sykehus HFAlexandra C Hott, MD, Principal investigator, Sørlandet sykehus HF
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02114294
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2013/1860REK
- Status last verified
- Mar 2022
- First submitted
- 14 Feb 2014
- Last updated
- 10 Nov 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Witvrouw E, Werner S, Mikkelsen C, Van Tiggelen D, Vanden Berghe L, Cerulli G. Clinical classification of patellofemoral pain syndrome: guidelines for non-operative treatment. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2005 Mar;13(2):122-30. doi: 10.1007/s00167-004-0577-6. Epub 2005 Feb 10.
PubMed 15703965Witvrouw E, Danneels L, Van Tiggelen D, Willems TM, Cambier D. Open versus closed kinetic chain exercises in patellofemoral pain: a 5-year prospective randomized study. Am J Sports Med. 2004 Jul-Aug;32(5):1122-30. doi: 10.1177/0363546503262187. Epub 2004 May 18.
PubMed 15262632Souza RB, Draper CE, Fredericson M, Powers CM. Femur rotation and patellofemoral joint kinematics: a weight-bearing magnetic resonance imaging analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010 May;40(5):277-85. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2010.3215.
PubMed 20436239Khayambashi K, Mohammadkhani Z, Ghaznavi K, Lyle MA, Powers CM. The effects of isolated hip abductor and external rotator muscle strengthening on pain, health status, and hip strength in females with patellofemoral pain: a randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012 Jan;42(1):22-9. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2012.3704. Epub 2011 Oct 25.
PubMed 22027216Dolak KL, Silkman C, Medina McKeon J, Hosey RG, Lattermann C, Uhl TL. Hip strengthening prior to functional exercises reduces pain sooner than quadriceps strengthening in females with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2011 Aug;41(8):560-70. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2011.3499. Epub 2011 Jun 7.
PubMed 21654093Fukuda TY, Melo WP, Zaffalon BM, Rossetto FM, Magalhaes E, Bryk FF, Martin RL. Hip posterolateral musculature strengthening in sedentary women with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial with 1-year follow-up. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012 Oct;42(10):823-30. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2012.4184. Epub 2012 Aug 2.
PubMed 22951491Nakagawa TH, Muniz TB, Baldon Rde M, Dias Maciel C, de Menezes Reiff RB, Serrao FV. The effect of additional strengthening of hip abductor and lateral rotator muscles in patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized controlled pilot study. Clin Rehabil. 2008 Dec;22(12):1051-60. doi: 10.1177/0269215508095357.
PubMed 19052244Prins MR, van der Wurff P. Females with patellofemoral pain syndrome have weak hip muscles: a systematic review. Aust J Physiother. 2009;55(1):9-15. doi: 10.1016/s0004-9514(09)70055-8.
PubMed 19226237Kujala UM, Jaakkola LH, Koskinen SK, Taimela S, Hurme M, Nelimarkka O. Scoring of patellofemoral disorders. Arthroscopy. 1993;9(2):159-63. doi: 10.1016/s0749-8063(05)80366-4.
PubMed 8461073Hott A, Pripp AH, Juel NG, Liavaag S, Brox JI. Self-efficacy and Emotional Distress in a Cohort With Patellofemoral Pain. Orthop J Sports Med. 2022 Mar 8;10(3):23259671221079672. doi: 10.1177/23259671221079672. eCollection 2022 Mar.
PubMed 35284585Hott A, Brox JI, Pripp AH, Juel NG, Liavaag S. Predictors of Pain, Function, and Change in Patellofemoral Pain. Am J Sports Med. 2020 Feb;48(2):351-358. doi: 10.1177/0363546519889623. Epub 2019 Dec 10.
PubMed 31821014Hott A, Liavaag S, Juel NG, Brox JI, Ekeberg OM. The reliability, validity, interpretability, and responsiveness of the Norwegian version of the Anterior Knee Pain Scale in patellofemoral pain. Disabil Rehabil. 2021 Jun;43(11):1605-1614. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1671499. Epub 2019 Oct 4.
PubMed 31583918Hott A, Brox JI, Pripp AH, Juel NG, Paulsen G, Liavaag S. Effectiveness of Isolated Hip Exercise, Knee Exercise, or Free Physical Activity for Patellofemoral Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Sports Med. 2019 May;47(6):1312-1322. doi: 10.1177/0363546519830644. Epub 2019 Apr 8.
PubMed 30958707Hott A, Liavaag S, Juel NG, Brox JI. Study protocol: a randomised controlled trial comparing the long term effects of isolated hip strengthening, quadriceps-based training and free physical activity for patellofemoral pain syndrome (anterior knee pain). BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015 Feb 25;16:40. doi: 10.1186/s12891-015-0493-6.
PubMed 25879452
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Nov 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Does Isolated Hip Strengthening for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Give Better Long Term Results Than Traditional Quadriceps Based Training? A Randomised Controlled Trial.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02114294
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2013/1860REK
- Conditions
- Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
- Keywords
- Patellofemoral pain syndrome, Anterior knee pain, Randomised controlled trial, Exercise intervention, Hip strengthening, Quadriceps based training, Anterior knee pain score
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 112 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Sorlandet Hospital HFOther government
- Study start
- Sep 2014
- Primary completion
- Jan 2019 (actual)
- Study completion
- Dec 2023 (estimated)
- First posted
- 15 Apr 2014 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This is a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) regarding conservative treatment of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS). Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is a very common cause of knee pain in young active adults with a high rate of recurrent and/or chronic occurrence. PFPS is notoriously difficult to treat and has been referred to as "one of the most vexatious clinical challenges in rehabilitative medicine". Its etiology is unclear but is commonly thought to be related to pathomechanics in the patellofemoral joint (PFJ). There are many factors that can influence PFJ mechanics. Among these, quadriceps strength and timing has been shown to be important. As such, treatment of PFPS has traditionally been based on correction of pathomechanics through influencing quadriceps strength and timing. However, a growing body of evidence is revealing the importance of strength and control of hip abduction and external rotation in PFPS. Hip strength in ab/adduction and rotation is thought to influence femoral positioning in the patellofemoral joint, thereby affecting PFJ mechanics. Several cohort and smaller RCT studies within the last 7 years have shown that additional exercises for hip strength and control give an improved effect in pain and function compared with quadriceps based training alone. A smaller RCT from 2012 compared isolated hip strengthening exercises to a control group and found surprisingly good results on pain in function in the hip strengthening group. The investigators plan a RCT in which isolated hip strengthening will be compared to traditional quadriceps training and a control group which will receive no structured training. Primary outcomes will be pain and function. This high-quality study will include 40-50 patients in each group, making it one of the largest of its kind on conservative treatment for PFPS. In contrast to the vast majority of studies of this type, this study will also include men, which will potentially help to fill a significant gap in the literature on this subject. The investigators study will therefore be an important contribution to elucidating the etiology of PFPS and improving treatment options for both men and women in the future. As well, the role of psychometric parameters will be examined and a standardized clinical test for hip abduction endurance will be developed. Follow-up at 3 months and 12 months is completed and published. A 5-year follow-up of the same patients is underway.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Isolated hip strengthening | Experimental | Other: Isolated hip strengtheningIsolated hip strengthening (abduction, external rotation, extension) |
| Quadriceps based training | Active comparator | Other: Quadriceps based trainingQuadriceps based training (mini-squat, straight leg raising, terminal extensions) |
| Active control | Other | Other: Active controlPatients receive standardised information concerning patellofemoral pain syndrome, but receive no prescribed exercise regime. They are encouraged to remain active. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 16 to 40 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Age 16-40 years
- Insidious onset of symptoms not related to trauma
- Symptoms more than 3 months
- A minimum of VAS 3 on VAS-W
- Peri- or retropatellar pain during or after at least two of the following: Stair ascent or descent, hopping, running, prolonged sitting, squatting, kneeling.
Key exclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Clinical findings indicative of meniscal or other intraarticular injury
- Clinical findings indicative of injury to or increased laxity of cruciate or collateral ligaments
- Findings on MRI indicative of other intraarticular pathology.
- Clinical and/or x-ray findings (plain anterior-posterior, lateral and skyline view) indicative of osteoarthritis, Osgood-Schlatter or Sinding-Larsen-Johanssen syndrome
- Clinical findings indicative of knee joint effusion
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Isolated hip strengtheningExercise program that is carried out by subjects under supervision once a week and then performed at home 2 additional times without supervision for a total of 6 weeks. Hip strengthening group will train hip abduction, hip external rotation and hip extension. | Other | Isolated hip strengthening |
| Quadriceps based trainingExercise program that is carried out by subjects under supervision once a week and then performed at home 2 additional times without supervision for a total of 6 weeks. Quadriceps group will train mini-squat, straight leg raising, terminal extensions. | Other | Quadriceps based training |
| Active controlPatients receive standardised information concerning patellofemoral pain syndrome, but receive no prescribed exercise regime. They are encouraged to remain active. | Other | Active control |
Primary outcome
Anterior knee pain score
Time frame: 3 months
Anterior Knee Pain Score (AKPS) is a measurement of subjective symptoms and functional limitations in patellofemoral pain, and has been validated for use in this patient population. The AKPS consists of a 13-point questionnaire with categories related to different levels of function in the knee. The categories within each question are weighted, and the responses are summed for an overall index where 100 represents perfect function. The mean clinically important difference (MCID) has been determined to be 10 points. This questionnaire will be translated to Norwegian and validated according to standard scientific procedures with approval from Kuala et al.
10 secondary outcomes
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Time frame: 3 months
Global Score Global Score
Time frame: 3 months
Step-down test
Time frame: 3 months
Hip abduction, external rotation and knee extension strength
Time frame: 3 months
Hip abduction endurance
Time frame: 3 months
EQ 5D 5L
Time frame: 3 months
Tampa scale for kinesiophobia
Time frame: 3 months
HSCL-10
Time frame: 3 months
Knee self-efficacy score (K-SES)
Time frame: 3 months
Pain drawing with number of painful regions
Time frame: 3 months
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Nov 2022.
- Background: PubMed 15703965Witvrouw E, Werner S, Mikkelsen C, Van Tiggelen D, Vanden Berghe L, Cerulli G. Clinical classification of patellofemoral pain syndrome: guidelines for non-operative treatment. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2005 Mar;13(2):122-30. doi: 10.1007/s00167-004-0577-6. Epub 2005 Feb 10.
- Background: PubMed 15262632Witvrouw E, Danneels L, Van Tiggelen D, Willems TM, Cambier D. Open versus closed kinetic chain exercises in patellofemoral pain: a 5-year prospective randomized study. Am J Sports Med. 2004 Jul-Aug;32(5):1122-30. doi: 10.1177/0363546503262187. Epub 2004 May 18.
- Background: PubMed 20436239Souza RB, Draper CE, Fredericson M, Powers CM. Femur rotation and patellofemoral joint kinematics: a weight-bearing magnetic resonance imaging analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010 May;40(5):277-85. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2010.3215.
- Background: PubMed 22027216Khayambashi K, Mohammadkhani Z, Ghaznavi K, Lyle MA, Powers CM. The effects of isolated hip abductor and external rotator muscle strengthening on pain, health status, and hip strength in females with patellofemoral pain: a randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012 Jan;42(1):22-9. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2012.3704. Epub 2011 Oct 25.
- Background: PubMed 21654093Dolak KL, Silkman C, Medina McKeon J, Hosey RG, Lattermann C, Uhl TL. Hip strengthening prior to functional exercises reduces pain sooner than quadriceps strengthening in females with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2011 Aug;41(8):560-70. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2011.3499. Epub 2011 Jun 7.
- Background: PubMed 22951491Fukuda TY, Melo WP, Zaffalon BM, Rossetto FM, Magalhaes E, Bryk FF, Martin RL. Hip posterolateral musculature strengthening in sedentary women with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial with 1-year follow-up. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012 Oct;42(10):823-30. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2012.4184. Epub 2012 Aug 2.
- Background: PubMed 19052244Nakagawa TH, Muniz TB, Baldon Rde M, Dias Maciel C, de Menezes Reiff RB, Serrao FV. The effect of additional strengthening of hip abductor and lateral rotator muscles in patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized controlled pilot study. Clin Rehabil. 2008 Dec;22(12):1051-60. doi: 10.1177/0269215508095357.
- Background: PubMed 19226237Prins MR, van der Wurff P. Females with patellofemoral pain syndrome have weak hip muscles: a systematic review. Aust J Physiother. 2009;55(1):9-15. doi: 10.1016/s0004-9514(09)70055-8.
- Background: PubMed 8461073Kujala UM, Jaakkola LH, Koskinen SK, Taimela S, Hurme M, Nelimarkka O. Scoring of patellofemoral disorders. Arthroscopy. 1993;9(2):159-63. doi: 10.1016/s0749-8063(05)80366-4.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 35284585Hott A, Pripp AH, Juel NG, Liavaag S, Brox JI. Self-efficacy and Emotional Distress in a Cohort With Patellofemoral Pain. Orthop J Sports Med. 2022 Mar 8;10(3):23259671221079672. doi: 10.1177/23259671221079672. eCollection 2022 Mar.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 31821014Hott A, Brox JI, Pripp AH, Juel NG, Liavaag S. Predictors of Pain, Function, and Change in Patellofemoral Pain. Am J Sports Med. 2020 Feb;48(2):351-358. doi: 10.1177/0363546519889623. Epub 2019 Dec 10.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 31583918Hott A, Liavaag S, Juel NG, Brox JI, Ekeberg OM. The reliability, validity, interpretability, and responsiveness of the Norwegian version of the Anterior Knee Pain Scale in patellofemoral pain. Disabil Rehabil. 2021 Jun;43(11):1605-1614. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1671499. Epub 2019 Oct 4.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Sigurd Liavaag, MD, PhD study director
Sørlandet sykehus HF
Alexandra C Hott, MD principal investigator
Sørlandet sykehus HF
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Isolated hip strengthening and Quadriceps based training in people with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, run by Sorlandet Hospital HF at 1 site in Norway.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 11 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Nov 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Norway. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Anterior knee pain score (time frame: 3 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02114294, which also lists 14 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Nov 2022; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.