AnkyloglossiaNCT02141243

Prospective Evaluation of Lingual Frenotomy in Newborns With Simultaneous Lip Tie for the Relief of Breastfeeding Pain.

A study testing Lingual Frenotomy and Labial Frenotomy in people with Ankyloglossia and Breast Feeding, run by University of South Florida at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record

Search all trials

Trial summary

Who is it for?: Ages Up to 2 weeks
Conditions the study is for: Ankyloglossia, Breast Feeding, Enlarged Labial Frenum
What is being tested?: Lingual Frenotomy and Labial Frenotomy
Type of treatment: Surgery or procedure
Could I receive a placebo?: Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
How many people: 120 participants
Where: 1 siteUnited States
Study dates: May 2015to May 2018
Phase: Interventional
Are there results?: None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages Up to 2 weeks
All sexes
No healthy volunteers
Child

Who may be able to join

Newborn is full term (at least 37 weeks) and otherwise in good health.
Newborn exhibits having ankyloglossia (score of less than 11 with failing lactation management or an appearance score lower than 8, based on HATLFF) and a Class III or Class IV maxillary lip-tie, simultaneously.
Mother of newborn noted to have nipple pain or difficulty with breastfeeding (LATCH score of <7).
Mother of newborn has intention to exclusively breastfeed newborn.
Mother of newborn signs a written informed consent for treatment.

Who cannot join

Premature newborns.
Newborns older than 2 weeks.
Newborns with craniofacial anomalies (i.e. cleft lip or palate).
Newborns who are neurologically compromised.
Mother has condition that could affect the milk supply (i.e diabetes).
Mother of newborn is not English speaking and not able to read at least at a 6th grade level.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site

Tampa General Hospital
Tampa, Florida, 33606

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Randomized, Controlled Trial Evaluating Lingual Frenotomy in Newborns With Simultaneous Lip Tie for the Relief of Breastfeeding Pain.

We are proposing to conduct a randomized, controlled trial of newborns in the maternal infant care areas at Tampa General Hospital. Participants who are determined eligible for the study (classified to have ankyloglossia via the HATLFF and either a Class III or IV maxillary labial frenum) will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group A or Group B. Group A will receive a sham procedure for intervention #1 and a lingual frenotomy procedure for intervention #2. Group B will receive a lingual frenotomy procedure for intervention #1 and a sham procedure for intervention #2. Newborns that continue to have difficulty with breastfeeding after both interventions will undergo intervention #3, a labial frenotomy, and breastfeeding will be monitored afterwards.

Read the detailed description

The study is a randomized control studies which aims to contribute data to a previous study on the effects of ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) on breastfeeding, and to also provide new information on the effects of maxillary lip-tie on breastfeeding. Participants who are determined eligible for the study (classified to have ankyloglossia via the HATLFF and either a Class III or IV maxillary labial frenum) will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group A or Group B. Group A will receive a sham procedure for intervention #1 and a lingual frenotomy procedure for intervention #2. Group B will receive a lingual frenotomy procedure for intervention #1 and a sham procedure for intervention #2. Newborns that continue to have difficulty with breastfeeding after both interventions will undergo intervention #3, a labial frenotomy, and breastfeeding will be monitored afterwards. These results will be analyzed to determine when lingual frenotomies, labial frenotomies, or both are necessary to improve breastfeeding pain and LATCH scores.

The study aims to prove that the simple and low risk frenotomy procedure should be considered as treatment for both ankyloglossia and maxillary lip-tie, preventing breastfeeding complications as well as many other future problems such as with speech and self esteem. It is hypothesized that the use of frenotomies as treatment for ankyloglossia and maxillary lip-tie will improve breastfeeding success for breastfeeding couplets with newborns with both ankyloglossia and maxillary lip-tie. It is expected to see an increase in LATCH score to >7 for breastfeeding sessions and a significant decrease in scoring on the pain scale after frenotomy intervention, while it is expected to see little change in LATCH and pain scale assessment scores after sham procedures. Overall data is not expected to vary significantly between Group A and Group B. It is also hypothesized that a lingual frenotomy alone will be sufficient to improve breastfeeding success without the need to also conduct a labial frenotomy.

Conditions: Ankyloglossia, Breast Feeding, Enlarged Labial Frenum
Being tested: Lingual Frenotomy, Labial Frenotomy, Sham Procedure
Medical subject headings: Ankyloglossia, Breast Feeding

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Lingual FrenotomyProcedure or surgery
For newborns receiving the ankyloglossia frenotomy, the tongue will be elevated and the frenulum exposed with a grooved director or 2 cotton tipped applicators. The frenulum tissue will then be incised with a straight scissor. If thick, it will be crushed with a straight clamp to provide anesthesia and decrease bleeding, and the exposed and previously clamped tongue frenulum will be incised with a straight scissor.
Labial FrenotomyProcedure or surgery
For newborns receiving the maxillary labial frenotomy, 0.1 ml of 1% lidocaine will be injected into the area. The upper lip will be lifted and the frenum stretched. Then an iLaseTM 940 ± 15 nm laser will be used to release its attachment to the level of the periosteum.
Sham ProcedureProcedure or surgery
For newborns receiving the maxillary labial frenotomy, 0.1 ml of 1% lidocaine will be injected into the area. The upper lip will be lifted and the frenum stretched. Then an iLaseTM 940 ± 15 nm laser will be used to release its attachment to the level of the periosteum.

Study groups in NCT02141243
Study group	Role	What they receive
Group A	Experimental	All participants will receive both the lingual frenotomy and sham procedure. Group A infants will receive lingual frenotomy for intervention #1 and a sham procedure for intervention #2. Newborns that continue to have difficulty with breastfeeding after both interventions will undergo intervention #3, a labial frenotomy. Lingual frenotomy: tongue will be elevated, expose frenulum with a grooved director or 2 cotton tipped applicators, and then incise frenulum tissue with a straight scissor. Sham/placebo procedure: infant brought into a procedure room and kept there for as long as the average experimental procedure would take (~5 minutes). Maxillary labial frenotomy: 0.1 ml of 1% lidocaine will be injected into the area, upper lip lifted, frenum stretched, and a laser, (iLaseTM 940 ± 15 nm) or scissors, will be used to release its attachment to the level of the periosteum. Receives: Procedure: Lingual Frenotomy; Procedure: Labial Frenotomy; Procedure: Sham Procedure
Group B	Experimental	All participating infants will receive both the lingual frenotomy and sham procedure. Group B infants will receive the sham procedure for intervention #1 and a lingual frenotomy for intervention #2. Newborns that continue to have difficulty with breastfeeding after both interventions will undergo intervention #3, a labial frenotomy. Sham/placebo procedure: infant brought into a procedure room and kept there for as long as the average experimental procedure would take (~5 minutes). Lingual frenotomy: tongue will be elevated, expose frenulum with a grooved director or 2 cotton tipped applicators, and then incise frenulum tissue with a straight scissor. Maxillary labial frenotomy: 0.1 ml of 1% lidocaine will be injected into the area, upper lip lifted, frenum stretched, and an iLaseTM 940 ± 15 nm laser used to release its attachment to the level of the periosteum. Receives: Procedure: Lingual Frenotomy; Procedure: Labial Frenotomy; Procedure: Sham Procedure

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

Change in Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale
This visual pain analog scale is used to measure breastfeeding pain experienced by the mother.
Measured: after breastfeeding before intervention #1, after breastfeeding after intervention #1, after breastfeeding after intervention #2, and during 1 week follow-up (also after intervention #3 if applicable)
Change in LATCH score
Latch, Audible swallowing, Type of nipple, Comfort, and Hold (LATCH) Breastfeeding Quality Assessment
Measured: after breastfeeding before intervention #1, after breastfeeding after intervention #1, after breastfeeding after intervention #2, and during 1 week follow-up (also after intervention #3 if applicable)

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

May 2015May 2018

First posted19 May 2014 (estimated)
Study startMay 2015
Primary completionApr 2018
Study completionMay 2018

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Publications (14)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
Other trials for AnkyloglossiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
More trials run by University of South FloridaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase N/A
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Crossover
Masking: Triple blind
Who is masked: Participant, Care provider, Outcomes assessor
Enrolment: 120 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02141243
Sponsor's protocol ID: FRENOTOMY
Status last verified: May 2018
First submitted: 21 Apr 2014
Last updated: 12 Jun 2019
Results posted: No
Data monitoring committee: No

Publications

Dollberg S, Botzer E, Grunis E, Mimouni FB. Immediate nipple pain relief after frenotomy in breast-fed infants with ankyloglossia: a randomized, prospective study. J Pediatr Surg. 2006 Sep;41(9):1598-600. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.05.024.
PubMed 16952598
Kotlow L. Diagnosis and treatment of ankyloglossia and tied maxillary fraenum in infants using Er:YAG and 1064 diode lasers. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2011 Apr;12(2):106-12. doi: 10.1007/BF03262789.
PubMed 21473843
Segal LM, Stephenson R, Dawes M, Feldman P. Prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of ankyloglossia: methodologic review. Can Fam Physician. 2007 Jun;53(6):1027-33.
PubMed 17872781
Buryk M, Bloom D, Shope T. Efficacy of neonatal release of ankyloglossia: a randomized trial. Pediatrics. 2011 Aug;128(2):280-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-0077. Epub 2011 Jul 18.
PubMed 21768318
Edmunds J, Miles SC, Fulbrook P. Tongue-tie and breastfeeding: a review of the literature. Breastfeed Rev. 2011 Mar;19(1):19-26.
PubMed 21608523
Gartner LM, Morton J, Lawrence RA, Naylor AJ, O'Hare D, Schanler RJ, Eidelman AI; American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2005 Feb;115(2):496-506. doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-2491.
PubMed 15687461
Masaitis NS, Kaempf JW. Developing a frenotomy policy at one medical center: a case study approach. J Hum Lact. 1996 Sep;12(3):229-32. doi: 10.1177/089033449601200321.
PubMed 9025430
Wiessinger D, Miller M. Breastfeeding difficulties as a result of tight lingual and labial frena: a case report. J Hum Lact. 1995 Dec;11(4):313-6. doi: 10.1177/089033449501100419.
PubMed 8634108
Kotlow LA. The influence of the maxillary frenum on the development and pattern of dental caries on anterior teeth in breastfeeding infants: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. J Hum Lact. 2010 Aug;26(3):304-8. doi: 10.1177/0890334410362520. Epub 2010 Mar 22.
PubMed 20308621
Bagga S, Bhat KM, Bhat GS, Thomas BS. Esthetic management of the upper labial frenum: a novel frenectomy technique. Quintessence Int. 2006 Nov-Dec;37(10):819-23.
PubMed 17078281
Kotlow LA. Diagnosing and understanding the maxillary lip-tie (superior labial, the maxillary labial frenum) as it relates to breastfeeding. J Hum Lact. 2013 Nov;29(4):458-64. doi: 10.1177/0890334413491325. Epub 2013 Jul 2.
PubMed 23821655
Amir LH, James JP, Donath SM. Reliability of the hazelbaker assessment tool for lingual frenulum function. Int Breastfeed J. 2006 Mar 9;1(1):3. doi: 10.1186/1746-4358-1-3.
PubMed 16722609
Jensen D, Wallace S, Kelsay P. LATCH: a breastfeeding charting system and documentation tool. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 1994 Jan;23(1):27-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.1994.tb01847.x.
PubMed 8176525
Dinh LA, El-Rabbany M, Aslam S, Ricalde P. Does Lingual Frenotomy Improve Breastfeeding in Newborns With Ankyloglossia? A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2025 Jul;83(7):806-812. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2025.04.006. Epub 2025 Apr 16.
PubMed 40319911

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

See locations

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All Ankyloglossia trials

Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Jun 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: Randomized, Controlled Trial Evaluating Lingual Frenotomy in Newborns With Simultaneous Lip Tie for the Relief of Breastfeeding Pain.
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02141243
Acronym / sponsor ID: FRENOTOMY
Conditions: Ankyloglossia, Breast Feeding, Enlarged Labial Frenum
Study type: Interventional
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 120 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: University of South FloridaUniversity, hospital or other
Study start: May 2015
Primary completion: Apr 2018 (actual)
Study completion: May 2018 (actual)
First posted: 19 May 2014 (estimated)
Results: Not posted in the source record

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

Detailed description

Study design

Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Crossover
Masking: Triple blind (participant, care provider, outcomes assessor)
Number of arms: 2

Arm	Type	Receives
Group A	Experimental	Procedure: Lingual Frenotomy, Procedure: Labial Frenotomy, Procedure: Sham ProcedureAll participants will receive both the lingual frenotomy and sham procedure. Group A infants will receive lingual frenotomy for intervention #1 and a sham procedure for intervention #2. Newborns that continue to have difficulty with breastfeeding after both interventions will undergo intervention #3, a labial frenotomy. Lingual frenotomy: tongue will be elevated, expose frenulum with a grooved director or 2 cotton tipped applicators, and then incise frenulum tissue with a straight scissor. Sham/placebo procedure: infant brought into a procedure room and kept there for as long as the average experimental procedure would take (~5 minutes). Maxillary labial frenotomy: 0.1 ml of 1% lidocaine will be injected into the area, upper lip lifted, frenum stretched, and a laser, (iLaseTM 940 ± 15 nm) or scissors, will be used to release its attachment to the level of the periosteum.
Group B	Experimental	Procedure: Lingual Frenotomy, Procedure: Labial Frenotomy, Procedure: Sham ProcedureAll participating infants will receive both the lingual frenotomy and sham procedure. Group B infants will receive the sham procedure for intervention #1 and a lingual frenotomy for intervention #2. Newborns that continue to have difficulty with breastfeeding after both interventions will undergo intervention #3, a labial frenotomy. Sham/placebo procedure: infant brought into a procedure room and kept there for as long as the average experimental procedure would take (~5 minutes). Lingual frenotomy: tongue will be elevated, expose frenulum with a grooved director or 2 cotton tipped applicators, and then incise frenulum tissue with a straight scissor. Maxillary labial frenotomy: 0.1 ml of 1% lidocaine will be injected into the area, upper lip lifted, frenum stretched, and an iLaseTM 940 ± 15 nm laser used to release its attachment to the level of the periosteum.

Who may qualify

Ages: Up to 2 weeks
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Not accepted
Age groups: Child

Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)

Newborn is full term (at least 37 weeks) and otherwise in good health.
Newborn exhibits having ankyloglossia (score of less than 11 with failing lactation management or an appearance score lower than 8, based on HATLFF) and a Class III or Class IV maxillary lip-tie, simultaneously.
Mother of newborn noted to have nipple pain or difficulty with breastfeeding (LATCH score of <7).
Mother of newborn has intention to exclusively breastfeed newborn.
Mother of newborn signs a written informed consent for treatment.

Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)

Premature newborns.
Newborns older than 2 weeks.
Newborns with craniofacial anomalies (i.e. cleft lip or palate).
Newborns who are neurologically compromised.
Mother has condition that could affect the milk supply (i.e diabetes).

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
Lingual FrenotomyFor newborns receiving the ankyloglossia frenotomy, the tongue will be elevated and the frenulum exposed with a grooved director or 2 cotton tipped applicators. The frenulum tissue will then be incised with a straight scissor. If thick, it will be crushed with a straight clamp to provide anesthesia and decrease bleeding, and the exposed and previously clamped tongue frenulum will be incised with a straight scissor.	Procedure or surgery	Group A, Group B
Labial FrenotomyFor newborns receiving the maxillary labial frenotomy, 0.1 ml of 1% lidocaine will be injected into the area. The upper lip will be lifted and the frenum stretched. Then an iLaseTM 940 ± 15 nm laser will be used to release its attachment to the level of the periosteum.	Procedure or surgery	Group A, Group B
Sham ProcedureFor newborns receiving the maxillary labial frenotomy, 0.1 ml of 1% lidocaine will be injected into the area. The upper lip will be lifted and the frenum stretched. Then an iLaseTM 940 ± 15 nm laser will be used to release its attachment to the level of the periosteum.	Procedure or surgery	Group A, Group B

Primary outcome

Change in Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale
Time frame: after breastfeeding before intervention #1, after breastfeeding after intervention #1, after breastfeeding after intervention #2, and during 1 week follow-up (also after intervention #3 if applicable)
This visual pain analog scale is used to measure breastfeeding pain experienced by the mother.
Change in LATCH score
Time frame: after breastfeeding before intervention #1, after breastfeeding after intervention #1, after breastfeeding after intervention #2, and during 1 week follow-up (also after intervention #3 if applicable)
Latch, Audible swallowing, Type of nipple, Comfort, and Hold (LATCH) Breastfeeding Quality Assessment

Results and safety

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Jun 2019.
Background: PubMed 16952598Dollberg S, Botzer E, Grunis E, Mimouni FB. Immediate nipple pain relief after frenotomy in breast-fed infants with ankyloglossia: a randomized, prospective study. J Pediatr Surg. 2006 Sep;41(9):1598-600. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.05.024.
Background: PubMed 21473843Kotlow L. Diagnosis and treatment of ankyloglossia and tied maxillary fraenum in infants using Er:YAG and 1064 diode lasers. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2011 Apr;12(2):106-12. doi: 10.1007/BF03262789.
Background: PubMed 17872781Segal LM, Stephenson R, Dawes M, Feldman P. Prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of ankyloglossia: methodologic review. Can Fam Physician. 2007 Jun;53(6):1027-33.
Background: PubMed 21768318Buryk M, Bloom D, Shope T. Efficacy of neonatal release of ankyloglossia: a randomized trial. Pediatrics. 2011 Aug;128(2):280-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-0077. Epub 2011 Jul 18.
Background: PubMed 21608523Edmunds J, Miles SC, Fulbrook P. Tongue-tie and breastfeeding: a review of the literature. Breastfeed Rev. 2011 Mar;19(1):19-26.
Background: PubMed 15687461Gartner LM, Morton J, Lawrence RA, Naylor AJ, O'Hare D, Schanler RJ, Eidelman AI; American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2005 Feb;115(2):496-506. doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-2491.
Background: PubMed 9025430Masaitis NS, Kaempf JW. Developing a frenotomy policy at one medical center: a case study approach. J Hum Lact. 1996 Sep;12(3):229-32. doi: 10.1177/089033449601200321.
Background: PubMed 8634108Wiessinger D, Miller M. Breastfeeding difficulties as a result of tight lingual and labial frena: a case report. J Hum Lact. 1995 Dec;11(4):313-6. doi: 10.1177/089033449501100419.
Background: PubMed 20308621Kotlow LA. The influence of the maxillary frenum on the development and pattern of dental caries on anterior teeth in breastfeeding infants: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. J Hum Lact. 2010 Aug;26(3):304-8. doi: 10.1177/0890334410362520. Epub 2010 Mar 22.
Background: PubMed 17078281Bagga S, Bhat KM, Bhat GS, Thomas BS. Esthetic management of the upper labial frenum: a novel frenectomy technique. Quintessence Int. 2006 Nov-Dec;37(10):819-23.
Background: PubMed 23821655Kotlow LA. Diagnosing and understanding the maxillary lip-tie (superior labial, the maxillary labial frenum) as it relates to breastfeeding. J Hum Lact. 2013 Nov;29(4):458-64. doi: 10.1177/0890334413491325. Epub 2013 Jul 2.
Background: PubMed 16722609Amir LH, James JP, Donath SM. Reliability of the hazelbaker assessment tool for lingual frenulum function. Int Breastfeed J. 2006 Mar 9;1(1):3. doi: 10.1186/1746-4358-1-3.

Related trials for Ankyloglossia

Recruiting
Effectivity of P1821, a Novel Tongue Strengthening and Endurance Enhancing Speech Flow Exercise
Ankyloglossia, Impairment of Speech
Enrolling by invitationObservational study
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Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

Pat Ricalde, MD principal investigator

University of South Florida

1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Lingual Frenotomy and Labial Frenotomy in people with Ankyloglossia and Breast Feeding, run by University of South Florida at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Jun 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Change in Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (time frame: after breastfeeding before intervention #1, after breastfeeding after intervention #1, after breastfeeding after intervention #2, and during 1 week follow-up (also after intervention #3 if applicable)). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02141243, which also lists 14 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Jun 2019; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.