Morbid ObesityGLOBENCT02188979
GlideScope With EGRI Assessment in Obese Patients
An observational study of Morbid Obesity, run by Università degli Studi di Brescia at 1 site in Italy.
Trial summary
BACKGROUND Unpredicted difficult tracheal intubation (DTI) with Macintosh laryngoscopy occurs frequently in obese patients. We investigated the incidence of DTI using the GlideScope® videolaryngoscope (GVL) with an algorithm based on a pre-operative assessment with the El Ganzouri Risk Index (EGRI). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Morbid Obesity
- How many people
- 195 participants
- Where
- 1 siteItaly
- Study dates
- Mar 2012to Apr 2014
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Our patients population is the population of morbidly obese patients scheduled for bariatric surgery or other non-bariatric abdominal surgical interventions and referring to the University Division of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care at Spedali Civili of Brescia.
Who may be able to join
- Body Mass Index (BMI)>40 kg m-2.
- Surgery with tracheal intubation scheduled
Who cannot join
- age < 18 years
- severe psychological disorders that have the possibility of limiting the patient's comprehension of information
- previously impossible mask ventilation or intubation with GVL
- presence of pharyngo-laryngeal or neck tumours
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Italy1 site
Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care Medicine and Emergency University of Brescia at Spedali Civili.
Brescia, Brescia, 25100
About this study
Official title: GlideScope Videolaryngoscopy and Pre-Operative Assessment of El-Ganzouri Risk Index for Tracheal Intubation in Morbidly Obese Patients The Prospective Observational GLOBE Study
BACKGROUND Unpredicted difficult tracheal intubation (DTI) with Macintosh laryngoscopy occurs frequently in obese patients. We investigated the incidence of DTI using the GlideScope® videolaryngoscope (GVL) with an algorithm based on a pre-operative assessment with the El Ganzouri Risk Index (EGRI).
METHODS We prospectively enrolled morbidly obese patients (BMI>40 kg/m2) undergoing abdominal surgery. Patients were scheduled for flexible fibre optic bronchoscopic intubation (FFBI) or GVL intubation if the EGRI score was ≥7 or <7, respectively. The primary outcome was the occurrence of DTI that was defined as Cormack and Lehane (C\&L) grades ≥III, Intubation Difficulty Scale (IDS)>5 and modified IDS (mIDS)>5. A numeric rating scale (NRS) was also used. Secondary outcomes included intubation success during the first attempt, the time to Cormack (TTC), the time to intubation (TTI), failure to intubate, oxygen desaturation and difficult ventilation.
Read the detailed description
The EGRI, a multivariate risk index that combines seven variables associated with DTI, was evaluated in all patients during the pre-anaesthesia visit. The results were reported in the clinical chart. All tracheal intubations in obese patients needing surgery were routinely performed using GVL. The intubations were performed or assisted by five board-certified anaesthesiologists who had prior experience with at least 20 GVL intubations, as well as at least two years of experience with anaesthesia in obese patients. In cases where the GVL intubation was performed by anaesthesiologists that were in training, the GVL expert was actively advising the operator during all of the intubating procedures. The standard equipment included a GVL with blade number three to five and an orotracheal hockey stick tube with a malleable single-use stylet (Fr 14, Intubating Stylet, DEAS). The standard anaesthesia induction started with 3-5 minutes of pre-oxygenation using 5 cm H2O PEEP in a 30° head-up position, as well as induction with fentanyl 3 μg kg -1 (LBW), propofol 2-3 mg kg -1 (LBW) and suxamethonium 1 mg Kg -1 (TBW). When spontaneous respiration ceased, the patient was mask ventilated with 100% oxygen. The tube was lubricated and advanced into the mouth under direct visual guidance to avoid complications, and then, under indirect visual guidance using the GVL monitor. The correct placement of the cuffed tube was verified using a capnograph and a stethoscope. The tube sizes were 7.0 for women and 7.5 for men. Each patient was monitored using an electrocardiogram, non-invasive arterial blood pressure measurement, and pulse oximetry before both tracheal intubation and anaesthesia induction. The basic demographic data and airway characteristics necessary to evaluate the primary outcome and to calculate the EGRI score were registered prior to anaesthesia. Patients with an EGRI score of 7 or higher were scheduled for elective fibre optic flexible bronchoscopic intubation (FFBI), while patients with an EGRI score of less than 7 underwent anaesthesia induction and GVL intubation, according to a predefined algorithm
- Conditions
- Morbid Obesity
- Keywords
- airway, equipment - laryngoscopes, intubation - tracheal, obesity.
- Medical subject headings
- Obesity, Morbid, Obesity
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Occurrence of DTI that was defined as Cormack and Lehane (C&L) grades ≥III, Intubation Difficulty Scale (IDS)>5 and modified IDS (mIDS)>5. A numeric rating scale (NRS) was also used.
The primary outcome was the incidence of DTI. Because scores specifically designed to assess DTI with GVL are not available, we used the Cormack and Lehane (C\&L) grades ≥III, the Intubation Difficulty Scale (IDS) >5 and a modified IDS (mIDS) >5 to assess DTI. We also conducted a subjective assessment of DTI as rated by the operator on a numeric rating scale (NRS), from 0 (easiest) to 10 (the most difficult procedure).
Measured: Ten minutes after the intubation
Secondary outcomes (5)
frequency of tracheal intubation success during the first attempt
The frequency of intubation success at the first attempt was defined as being when the tracheal intubation was successfully achieved with all the following criteria fulfilled: a single introduction of the laryngoscope and tube progression, C\&L I or IIa without external laryngeal displacement, and no need for help by another operator.
Measured: Ten minutes after the intubation
the time to Cormack (TTC) and the time to tracheal intubation (TTI).
TTC was measured from the time the instrument entered patient's mouth until the optimal laryngeal view. TTI was measured from the time the instrument entered the patient's mouth until the tube cuff inflation.
Measured: Ten minutes after the intubation
intubation failures
Failure to intubate was defined as when tracheal intubation proved impossible after three attempts
Measured: Ten minutes after the intubation failure
difficult mask ventilation
Difficult ventilation was defined with the use of the Han scale
Measured: Ten minutes after the intubation
oxygen desaturation
Oxygen desaturation was defined as an oxygen saturation of less than 90%
Measured: Ten minutes after the intubation
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Jul 2014 (estimated)
- Study startMar 2012
- Primary completionApr 2014
- Study completionApr 2014
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (23)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Morbid ObesityStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 195 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Università degli Studi di Brescia
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Elena Cagnazzi, Università degli Studi di Brescia
- Investigators
- Alessandro Mosca, MD, Principal investigator, Università degli Studi di BresciaElena Cagnazzi, MD, Principal investigator, Università degli Studi di BresciaFederico Pe, MD, Principal investigator, Università degli Studi di BresciaTiziana Togazzari, MD, Study chair, Universitry of BresciaOttavia Manenti, MD, Study chair, Univertsity of BresciaFrancesco Mittempergher, MD, Study chair, Università degli Studi di BresciaElena Raffetti, MD, Study chair, Università degli Studi di BresciaFrancesco Donato, Professor, Study chair, Università degli Studi di Brescia
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02188979
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- GLOBE
- Acronym
- GLOBE
- Status last verified
- Jul 2014
- First submitted
- 6 Jul 2014
- Last updated
- 14 Jul 2014
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Padwal RS, Klarenbach SW, Wang X, Sharma AM, Karmali S, Birch DW, Majumdar SR. A simple prediction rule for all-cause mortality in a cohort eligible for bariatric surgery. JAMA Surg. 2013 Dec;148(12):1109-15. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2013.3953.
PubMed 24132685Buchwald H, Oien DM. Metabolic/bariatric surgery Worldwide 2008. Obes Surg. 2009 Dec;19(12):1605-11. doi: 10.1007/s11695-009-0014-5.
PubMed 19885707Nicholson A, Smith AF, Lewis SR, Cook TM. Tracheal intubation with a flexible intubation scope versus other intubation techniques for obese patients requiring general anaesthesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jan 17;2014(1):CD010320. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010320.pub2.
PubMed 24443105Cook TM, MacDougall-Davis SR. Complications and failure of airway management. Br J Anaesth. 2012 Dec;109 Suppl 1:i68-i85. doi: 10.1093/bja/aes393.
PubMed 23242753Juvin P, Lavaut E, Dupont H, Lefevre P, Demetriou M, Dumoulin JL, Desmonts JM. Difficult tracheal intubation is more common in obese than in lean patients. Anesth Analg. 2003 Aug;97(2):595-600. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000072547.75928.B0.
PubMed 12873960Kim WH, Ahn HJ, Lee CJ, Shin BS, Ko JS, Choi SJ, Ryu SA. Neck circumference to thyromental distance ratio: a new predictor of difficult intubation in obese patients. Br J Anaesth. 2011 May;106(5):743-8. doi: 10.1093/bja/aer024. Epub 2011 Feb 24.
PubMed 21354999Serocki G, Neumann T, Scharf E, Dorges V, Cavus E. Indirect videolaryngoscopy with C-MAC D-Blade and GlideScope: a randomized, controlled comparison in patients with suspected difficult airways. Minerva Anestesiol. 2013 Feb;79(2):121-9. Epub 2012 Oct 2.
PubMed 23032922Cortellazzi P, Minati L, Falcone C, Lamperti M, Caldiroli D. Predictive value of the El-Ganzouri multivariate risk index for difficult tracheal intubation: a comparison of Glidescope videolaryngoscopy and conventional Macintosh laryngoscopy. Br J Anaesth. 2007 Dec;99(6):906-11. doi: 10.1093/bja/aem297. Epub 2007 Oct 25.
PubMed 17962241el-Ganzouri AR, McCarthy RJ, Tuman KJ, Tanck EN, Ivankovich AD. Preoperative airway assessment: predictive value of a multivariate risk index. Anesth Analg. 1996 Jun;82(6):1197-204. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199606000-00017.
PubMed 8638791Caldiroli D, Cortellazzi P. A new difficult airway management algorithm based upon the El Ganzouri Risk Index and GlideScope(R) videolaryngoscope. A new look for intubation? Minerva Anestesiol. 2011 Oct;77(10):1011-7. Epub 2011 May 24.
PubMed 21610665Cooper RM, Pacey JA, Bishop MJ, McCluskey SA. Early clinical experience with a new videolaryngoscope (GlideScope) in 728 patients. Can J Anaesth. 2005 Feb;52(2):191-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03027728.
PubMed 15684262Maassen R, Lee R, Hermans B, Marcus M, van Zundert A. A comparison of three videolaryngoscopes: the Macintosh laryngoscope blade reduces, but does not replace, routine stylet use for intubation in morbidly obese patients. Anesth Analg. 2009 Nov;109(5):1560-5. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181b7303a. Epub 2009 Aug 27.
PubMed 19713258Serocki G, Bein B, Scholz J, Dorges V. Management of the predicted difficult airway: a comparison of conventional blade laryngoscopy with video-assisted blade laryngoscopy and the GlideScope. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2010 Jan;27(1):24-30. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e32832d328d.
PubMed 19809328Andersen LH, Rovsing L, Olsen KS. GlideScope videolaryngoscope vs. Macintosh direct laryngoscope for intubation of morbidly obese patients: a randomized trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2011 Oct;55(9):1090-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02498.x. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
PubMed 22092206Xue FS, Li CW, Zhang GH, Li XY, Sun HT, Liu KP, Liu J, Wang X. GlideScope-assisted awake fibreoptic intubation: initial experience in 13 patients. Anaesthesia. 2006 Oct;61(10):1014-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2006.04809.x. No abstract available.
PubMed 16978330
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Jul 2014. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- GlideScope Videolaryngoscopy and Pre-Operative Assessment of El-Ganzouri Risk Index for Tracheal Intubation in Morbidly Obese Patients The Prospective Observational GLOBE Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02188979
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- GLOBE / GLOBE
- Conditions
- Morbid Obesity
- Keywords
- airway, equipment - laryngoscopes, intubation - tracheal, obesity.
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 195 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Università degli Studi di BresciaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Mar 2012
- Primary completion
- Apr 2014 (actual)
- Study completion
- Apr 2014 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Jul 2014 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
BACKGROUND Unpredicted difficult tracheal intubation (DTI) with Macintosh laryngoscopy occurs frequently in obese patients. We investigated the incidence of DTI using the GlideScope® videolaryngoscope (GVL) with an algorithm based on a pre-operative assessment with the El Ganzouri Risk Index (EGRI).
METHODS We prospectively enrolled morbidly obese patients (BMI>40 kg/m2) undergoing abdominal surgery. Patients were scheduled for flexible fibre optic bronchoscopic intubation (FFBI) or GVL intubation if the EGRI score was ≥7 or <7, respectively. The primary outcome was the occurrence of DTI that was defined as Cormack and Lehane (C\&L) grades ≥III, Intubation Difficulty Scale (IDS)>5 and modified IDS (mIDS)>5. A numeric rating scale (NRS) was also used. Secondary outcomes included intubation success during the first attempt, the time to Cormack (TTC), the time to intubation (TTI), failure to intubate, oxygen desaturation and difficult ventilation.
Detailed description
The EGRI, a multivariate risk index that combines seven variables associated with DTI, was evaluated in all patients during the pre-anaesthesia visit. The results were reported in the clinical chart. All tracheal intubations in obese patients needing surgery were routinely performed using GVL. The intubations were performed or assisted by five board-certified anaesthesiologists who had prior experience with at least 20 GVL intubations, as well as at least two years of experience with anaesthesia in obese patients. In cases where the GVL intubation was performed by anaesthesiologists that were in training, the GVL expert was actively advising the operator during all of the intubating procedures. The standard equipment included a GVL with blade number three to five and an orotracheal hockey stick tube with a malleable single-use stylet (Fr 14, Intubating Stylet, DEAS). The standard anaesthesia induction started with 3-5 minutes of pre-oxygenation using 5 cm H2O PEEP in a 30° head-up position, as well as induction with fentanyl 3 μg kg -1 (LBW), propofol 2-3 mg kg -1 (LBW) and suxamethonium 1 mg Kg -1 (TBW). When spontaneous respiration ceased, the patient was mask ventilated with 100% oxygen. The tube was lubricated and advanced into the mouth under direct visual guidance to avoid complications, and then, under indirect visual guidance using the GVL monitor. The correct placement of the cuffed tube was verified using a capnograph and a stethoscope. The tube sizes were 7.0 for women and 7.5 for men. Each patient was monitored using an electrocardiogram, non-invasive arterial blood pressure measurement, and pulse oximetry before both tracheal intubation and anaesthesia induction. The basic demographic data and airway characteristics necessary to evaluate the primary outcome and to calculate the EGRI score were registered prior to anaesthesia. Patients with an EGRI score of 7 or higher were scheduled for elective fibre optic flexible bronchoscopic intubation (FFBI), while patients with an EGRI score of less than 7 underwent anaesthesia induction and GVL intubation, according to a predefined algorithm
Study design
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Prospective
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Our patients population is the population of morbidly obese patients scheduled for bariatric surgery or other non-bariatric abdominal surgical interventions and referring to the University Division of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care at Spedali Civili of Brescia.
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Body Mass Index (BMI)>40 kg m-2.
- Surgery with tracheal intubation scheduled
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- age < 18 years
- severe psychological disorders that have the possibility of limiting the patient's comprehension of information
- previously impossible mask ventilation or intubation with GVL
- presence of pharyngo-laryngeal or neck tumours
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Occurrence of DTI that was defined as Cormack and Lehane (C&L) grades ≥III, Intubation Difficulty Scale (IDS)>5 and modified IDS (mIDS)>5. A numeric rating scale (NRS) was also used.
Time frame: Ten minutes after the intubation
The primary outcome was the incidence of DTI. Because scores specifically designed to assess DTI with GVL are not available, we used the Cormack and Lehane (C\&L) grades ≥III, the Intubation Difficulty Scale (IDS) >5 and a modified IDS (mIDS) >5 to assess DTI. We also conducted a subjective assessment of DTI as rated by the operator on a numeric rating scale (NRS), from 0 (easiest) to 10 (the most difficult procedure).
5 secondary outcomes
frequency of tracheal intubation success during the first attempt
Time frame: Ten minutes after the intubation
the time to Cormack (TTC) and the time to tracheal intubation (TTI).
Time frame: Ten minutes after the intubation
intubation failures
Time frame: Ten minutes after the intubation failure
difficult mask ventilation
Time frame: Ten minutes after the intubation
oxygen desaturation
Time frame: Ten minutes after the intubation
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Jul 2014.
- Background: PubMed 24132685Padwal RS, Klarenbach SW, Wang X, Sharma AM, Karmali S, Birch DW, Majumdar SR. A simple prediction rule for all-cause mortality in a cohort eligible for bariatric surgery. JAMA Surg. 2013 Dec;148(12):1109-15. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2013.3953.
- Background: PubMed 19885707Buchwald H, Oien DM. Metabolic/bariatric surgery Worldwide 2008. Obes Surg. 2009 Dec;19(12):1605-11. doi: 10.1007/s11695-009-0014-5.
- Background: PubMed 24443105Nicholson A, Smith AF, Lewis SR, Cook TM. Tracheal intubation with a flexible intubation scope versus other intubation techniques for obese patients requiring general anaesthesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jan 17;2014(1):CD010320. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010320.pub2.
- Background: PubMed 23242753Cook TM, MacDougall-Davis SR. Complications and failure of airway management. Br J Anaesth. 2012 Dec;109 Suppl 1:i68-i85. doi: 10.1093/bja/aes393.
- Background: PubMed 12873960Juvin P, Lavaut E, Dupont H, Lefevre P, Demetriou M, Dumoulin JL, Desmonts JM. Difficult tracheal intubation is more common in obese than in lean patients. Anesth Analg. 2003 Aug;97(2):595-600. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000072547.75928.B0.
- Background: PubMed 21354999Kim WH, Ahn HJ, Lee CJ, Shin BS, Ko JS, Choi SJ, Ryu SA. Neck circumference to thyromental distance ratio: a new predictor of difficult intubation in obese patients. Br J Anaesth. 2011 May;106(5):743-8. doi: 10.1093/bja/aer024. Epub 2011 Feb 24.
- Background: PubMed 23032922Serocki G, Neumann T, Scharf E, Dorges V, Cavus E. Indirect videolaryngoscopy with C-MAC D-Blade and GlideScope: a randomized, controlled comparison in patients with suspected difficult airways. Minerva Anestesiol. 2013 Feb;79(2):121-9. Epub 2012 Oct 2.
- Background: PubMed 17962241Cortellazzi P, Minati L, Falcone C, Lamperti M, Caldiroli D. Predictive value of the El-Ganzouri multivariate risk index for difficult tracheal intubation: a comparison of Glidescope videolaryngoscopy and conventional Macintosh laryngoscopy. Br J Anaesth. 2007 Dec;99(6):906-11. doi: 10.1093/bja/aem297. Epub 2007 Oct 25.
- Background: PubMed 8638791el-Ganzouri AR, McCarthy RJ, Tuman KJ, Tanck EN, Ivankovich AD. Preoperative airway assessment: predictive value of a multivariate risk index. Anesth Analg. 1996 Jun;82(6):1197-204. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199606000-00017.
- Background: PubMed 21610665Caldiroli D, Cortellazzi P. A new difficult airway management algorithm based upon the El Ganzouri Risk Index and GlideScope(R) videolaryngoscope. A new look for intubation? Minerva Anestesiol. 2011 Oct;77(10):1011-7. Epub 2011 May 24.
- Background: PubMed 15684262Cooper RM, Pacey JA, Bishop MJ, McCluskey SA. Early clinical experience with a new videolaryngoscope (GlideScope) in 728 patients. Can J Anaesth. 2005 Feb;52(2):191-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03027728.
- Background: PubMed 19713258Maassen R, Lee R, Hermans B, Marcus M, van Zundert A. A comparison of three videolaryngoscopes: the Macintosh laryngoscope blade reduces, but does not replace, routine stylet use for intubation in morbidly obese patients. Anesth Analg. 2009 Nov;109(5):1560-5. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181b7303a. Epub 2009 Aug 27.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Alessandro Mosca, MD principal investigator
Università degli Studi di Brescia
Elena Cagnazzi, MD principal investigator
Università degli Studi di Brescia
Federico Pe, MD principal investigator
Università degli Studi di Brescia
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Morbid Obesity, run by Università degli Studi di Brescia at 1 site in Italy.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Jul 2014. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Italy. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Occurrence of DTI that was defined as Cormack and Lehane (C&L) grades ≥III, Intubation Difficulty Scale (IDS)>5 and modified IDS (mIDS)>5. A numeric rating scale (NRS) was also used. (time frame: Ten minutes after the intubation). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02188979, which also lists 23 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Jul 2014.