DeliriumENGAGESNCT02241655
Electroencephalography Guidance of Anesthesia
A study testing a pragmatic EEG-guided anesthetic protocol in people with Delirium, run by Washington University School of Medicine at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study aims to determine whether, compared with usual anesthetic care, an electroencephalography-guided anesthesia protocol is effective at preventing postoperative delirium and its downstream effects, and improving postoperative patient reported health-related quality of life. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 60 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Delirium
- What is being tested?
- a pragmatic EEG-guided anesthetic protocol
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 1,400 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Jan 2015to Oct 2020
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 60 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients 60 years old and older,
- Competent to provide informed consent
- Undergoing major elective surgery that requires a minimum stay of 2 days postoperatively (e.g., open cardiac surgery, open thoracic surgery, major vascular surgery, intra-abdominal surgery, open gynecologic surgery, open urologic surgery, major orthopedic surgery, open hepato-biliary surgery and major ear, nose and throat surgery)
- Exclusions
- Neurosurgical procedures will be excluded as surgery on the brain can confound the outcome (postoperative delirium).
- Patients with preoperative delirium and patients who are unable to participate adequately in delirium screening including those who are blind, deaf, or illiterate or fluent in languages other than English.
Who cannot join
None listed.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Washington University School of Medicine
St Louis, Missouri, 63110
About this study
Official title: Electroencephalography Guidance of Anesthesia to Alleviate Geriatric Syndromes (ENGAGES) Study
This study aims to determine whether, compared with usual anesthetic care, an electroencephalography-guided anesthesia protocol is effective at preventing postoperative delirium and its downstream effects, and improving postoperative patient reported health-related quality of life.
Read the detailed description
Delirium is one of several geriatric syndromes, and is among the most common postoperative complications, affecting up to 70% of surgical patients older than 60. Delirium is an acute change that manifests as inattention and inability to think logically, and is deeply distressing to patients and their families. Based on our surveys of 1,000 surgical patients, over 30% were worried about experiencing delirium. Delirious patients are unable to participate effectively in rehabilitation exercises and are susceptible to other geriatric syndromes, like falls. The occurrence and duration of delirium are associated with longer intensive care unit and hospital stay, persistent cognitive deterioration, hospital readmission and increased mortality rate. Additionally, delirium carries a huge social and economic burden, costing over $60,000 per patient per year. Despite the importance of delirium to patients and to society, no approach has been proven to prevent postoperative delirium. Furthermore postoperative delirium is frequently unrecognized, and surgical patients are not followed systematically after they are discharged from hospital. Without diagnosing delirium or following patients postoperatively, we are limited in our ability to test the effectiveness of any intervention to prevent or treat postoperative delirium and its sequelae. There is mounting evidence that electroencephalography guidance of general anesthesia can decrease postoperative delirium. Specifically, our group has found that a suppressed electroencephalogram pattern, which occurs with deep anesthesia, is associated with increased delirium and death after surgery. The Electroencephalography Guidance of Anesthesia to Alleviate Geriatric Syndromes (ENGAGES) Study will therefore compare the effectiveness of two anesthetic protocols for reduction of postoperative delirium. One protocol will be based on current standard anesthetic practice, and the other protocol will be based on electroencephalography guidance. We also expect to determine the impact of the anesthetic protocols on patient reported outcomes of health-related quality of life. At Washington University, we have successfully implemented an ambitious study that enrolls patients at the preoperative assessment clinic, and tracks their health and wellbeing at 30 days and at 1-year postoperatively. This will enable us to assess the consequences of postoperative delirium and to determine whether anesthetic management can impact patient reported outcomes, such as health-related quality of life. We shall also explore whether a multi-component safety intervention for delirious patients prevents downstream adverse events, like falls. The ENGAGES study - through its structured anesthesia protocols, its thorough approach to delirium assessment, and its ability to track patients' health and wellbeing postoperatively - is poised to make a major contribution to the care of elderly patients who are at risk of postoperative delirium and other adverse outcomes.
- Conditions
- Delirium
- Being tested
- a pragmatic EEG-guided anesthetic protocol
- Keywords
- Anesthesia, Electroencephalography, Burst suppression, Surgery, Delirium, Falls, Health related quality of life
- Medical subject headings
- Delirium
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
a pragmatic EEG-guided anesthetic protocolDevice
Also called Bispectral Index proprietary processed EEG monitor
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| EEG guided protocol | Experimental | Participants will have a pragmatic EEG-guided anesthetic protocol during their surgery. Practitioners will modify administration of anesthesia in an attempt to limit the occurrence of EEG burst suppression or persistent suppression. Receives: Device: a pragmatic EEG-guided anesthetic protocol |
| Control Arm | No intervention | Participants will have the standard anesthetic protocol. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Number of Participants With Delirium
Delirium will be assessed at baseline and then once a day postoperative for up to 5 days. Patients were assessed for delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method for verbal patients or the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit for non verbal or intubated patients, and patients medical records were reviewed for evidence of delirium by doctors and nurses assessments. Patients were considered to have delirium by any modality at anytime postoperative day one through five.
Measured: 5 days
Secondary outcomes (2)
The Number of Participants With Postoperative Falls
The hypothesis is that the EEG-guided anesthetic protocol and providing a safety intervention will prevent subsequent injurious falls. Falls will be assessed using the Prevention of Falls Network Europe (ProFaNE) questions. At baseline questions will be asked about preoperative falls, and at 30-days and 1-year postoperatively, questions will be asked about postoperative falls.
Measured: Up to 1 year postoperatively
Health Related Quality of Life
The hypothesis is that the EEG-guided anesthetic protocol will improve postoperative quality of life. Patient self-reported Health-related Quality of Life information will be assessed through the Veteran's RAND 12-item Health Survey at baseline and during follow-up (30-day and 1-year).
The 12-item survey results in two summary scores called the Physical Composite Summary and the Mental Composite Summary. Each of these summary scores takes values between 0 and 100, where higher values represent better quality of life.
Measured: Up to one year postoperatively
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted16 Sep 2014 (estimated)
- Study startJan 2015
- Primary completion17 May 2018
- Study completionOct 2020
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for DeliriumStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Washington University School of MedicineThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 1,400 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Washington University School of Medicine
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute on Aging (NIA)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Michael Avidan, Washington University School of Medicine
- Investigators
- Michael S. Avidan, MBBCh, FCASA, Principal investigator, Washington University School of MedicineEric Lenze, MD, Study director, Washington University School of MedicineNan Lin, PhD, Study director, Washington University School of MedicineSusan Stark, PhD, Study director, Washington University School of MedicineTroy Wildes, MD, Study director, Washington University School of MedicineSharon Inouye, MD, Study director, Hebrew Rehabilitation CenterArbi Ben Abdallah, PhD, Study director, Washington University School of Medicine
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02241655
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 201407128
- Other IDs
- 1UH2AG050312-01
- Acronym
- ENGAGES
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 11 Sep 2014
- Last updated
- 29 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Guay CS, Kafashan M, Huels ER, Jiang Y, Beyoglu B, Spencer JW, Geczi K, Apakama G, Ju YS, Wildes TS, Avidan MS, Palanca BJA. Postoperative Delirium Severity and Recovery Correlate With Electroencephalogram Spectral Features. Anesth Analg. 2023 Jan 1;136(1):140-151. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000006075. Epub 2022 May 13.
PubMed 36130079Fritz BA, King CR, Mickle AM, Wildes TS, Budelier TP, Oberhaus J, Park D, Maybrier HR, Ben Abdallah A, Kronzer A, McKinnon SL, Torres BA, Graetz TJ, Emmert DA, Palanca BJ, Stevens TW, Stark SL, Lenze EJ, Avidan MS; ENGAGES Research Group. Effect of electroencephalogram-guided anaesthesia administration on 1-yr mortality: follow-up of a randomised clinical trial. Br J Anaesth. 2021 Sep;127(3):386-395. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.04.036. Epub 2021 Jul 7.
PubMed 34243940Wildes TS, Mickle AM, Ben Abdallah A, Maybrier HR, Oberhaus J, Budelier TP, Kronzer A, McKinnon SL, Park D, Torres BA, Graetz TJ, Emmert DA, Palanca BJ, Goswami S, Jordan K, Lin N, Fritz BA, Stevens TW, Jacobsohn E, Schmitt EM, Inouye SK, Stark S, Lenze EJ, Avidan MS; ENGAGES Research Group. Effect of Electroencephalography-Guided Anesthetic Administration on Postoperative Delirium Among Older Adults Undergoing Major Surgery: The ENGAGES Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019 Feb 5;321(5):473-483. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.22005.
PubMed 30721296Maybrier HR, King CR, Crawford AE, Mickle AM, Emmert DA, Wildes TS, Avidan MS, Palanca BJA; ENGAGES Study Investigators. Early Postoperative Actigraphy Poorly Predicts Hypoactive Delirium. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019 Jan 15;15(1):79-87. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.7576.
PubMed 30621829Aranake-Chrisinger A, Cheng JZ, Muench MR, Tang R, Mickle A, Maybrier H, Lin N, Wildes T, Lenze E, Avidan MS. Ability of postoperative delirium to predict intermediate-term postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing elective surgery at an academic medical centre: protocol for a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2018 Mar 17;8(3):e017079. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017079.
PubMed 29550773Mickle AM, Maybrier HR, Winter AC, McKinnon SL, Torres BA, Lin N, Lenze EJ, Stark S, Muench MR, Jacobsohn E, Inouye SK, Avidan MS, Wildes TS; ENGAGES Research Group*. Achieving Milestones as a Prerequisite for Proceeding With a Clinical Trial. Anesth Analg. 2018 Jun;126(6):1851-1858. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002680.
PubMed 29239943Cui V, Tedeschi CM, Kronzer VL, McKinnon SL, Avidan MS. Protocol for an observational study of delirium in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) as a potential predictor of subsequent postoperative delirium. BMJ Open. 2017 Jul 10;7(7):e016402. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016402.
PubMed 28698343Wildes TS, Winter AC, Maybrier HR, Mickle AM, Lenze EJ, Stark S, Lin N, Inouye SK, Schmitt EM, McKinnon SL, Muench MR, Murphy MR, Upadhyayula RT, Fritz BA, Escallier KE, Apakama GP, Emmert DA, Graetz TJ, Stevens TW, Palanca BJ, Hueneke R, Melby S, Torres B, Leung JM, Jacobsohn E, Avidan MS. Protocol for the Electroencephalography Guidance of Anesthesia to Alleviate Geriatric Syndromes (ENGAGES) study: a pragmatic, randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open. 2016 Jun 15;6(6):e011505. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011505.
PubMed 27311914
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Electroencephalography Guidance of Anesthesia to Alleviate Geriatric Syndromes (ENGAGES) Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02241655
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ENGAGES / 201407128
- Conditions
- Delirium
- Keywords
- Anesthesia, Electroencephalography, Burst suppression, Surgery, Delirium, Falls, Health related quality of life
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 1,400 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Washington University School of MedicineUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute on Aging (NIA)
- Study start
- Jan 2015 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 17 May 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- Oct 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 16 Sep 2014 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 18 Jun 2019
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to determine whether, compared with usual anesthetic care, an electroencephalography-guided anesthesia protocol is effective at preventing postoperative delirium and its downstream effects, and improving postoperative patient reported health-related quality of life.
Detailed description
Delirium is one of several geriatric syndromes, and is among the most common postoperative complications, affecting up to 70% of surgical patients older than 60. Delirium is an acute change that manifests as inattention and inability to think logically, and is deeply distressing to patients and their families. Based on our surveys of 1,000 surgical patients, over 30% were worried about experiencing delirium. Delirious patients are unable to participate effectively in rehabilitation exercises and are susceptible to other geriatric syndromes, like falls. The occurrence and duration of delirium are associated with longer intensive care unit and hospital stay, persistent cognitive deterioration, hospital readmission and increased mortality rate. Additionally, delirium carries a huge social and economic burden, costing over $60,000 per patient per year. Despite the importance of delirium to patients and to society, no approach has been proven to prevent postoperative delirium. Furthermore postoperative delirium is frequently unrecognized, and surgical patients are not followed systematically after they are discharged from hospital. Without diagnosing delirium or following patients postoperatively, we are limited in our ability to test the effectiveness of any intervention to prevent or treat postoperative delirium and its sequelae. There is mounting evidence that electroencephalography guidance of general anesthesia can decrease postoperative delirium. Specifically, our group has found that a suppressed electroencephalogram pattern, which occurs with deep anesthesia, is associated with increased delirium and death after surgery. The Electroencephalography Guidance of Anesthesia to Alleviate Geriatric Syndromes (ENGAGES) Study will therefore compare the effectiveness of two anesthetic protocols for reduction of postoperative delirium. One protocol will be based on current standard anesthetic practice, and the other protocol will be based on electroencephalography guidance. We also expect to determine the impact of the anesthetic protocols on patient reported outcomes of health-related quality of life. At Washington University, we have successfully implemented an ambitious study that enrolls patients at the preoperative assessment clinic, and tracks their health and wellbeing at 30 days and at 1-year postoperatively. This will enable us to assess the consequences of postoperative delirium and to determine whether anesthetic management can impact patient reported outcomes, such as health-related quality of life. We shall also explore whether a multi-component safety intervention for delirious patients prevents downstream adverse events, like falls. The ENGAGES study - through its structured anesthesia protocols, its thorough approach to delirium assessment, and its ability to track patients' health and wellbeing postoperatively - is poised to make a major contribution to the care of elderly patients who are at risk of postoperative delirium and other adverse outcomes.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| EEG guided protocol | Experimental | Device: a pragmatic EEG-guided anesthetic protocolParticipants will have a pragmatic EEG-guided anesthetic protocol during their surgery. Practitioners will modify administration of anesthesia in an attempt to limit the occurrence of EEG burst suppression or persistent suppression. |
| Control Arm | No intervention | –Participants will have the standard anesthetic protocol. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 60 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Patients 60 years old and older,
- Competent to provide informed consent
- Undergoing major elective surgery that requires a minimum stay of 2 days postoperatively (e.g., open cardiac surgery, open thoracic surgery, major vascular surgery, intra-abdominal surgery, open gynecologic surgery, open urologic surgery, major orthopedic surgery, open hepato-biliary surgery and major ear, nose and throat surgery)
- Exclusions
- Neurosurgical procedures will be excluded as surgery on the brain can confound the outcome (postoperative delirium).
Key exclusion criteria (0 listed)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| a pragmatic EEG-guided anesthetic protocolAlso: Bispectral Index proprietary processed EEG monitor | Device | EEG guided protocol |
Primary outcome
Number of Participants With Delirium
Time frame: 5 days
Delirium will be assessed at baseline and then once a day postoperative for up to 5 days. Patients were assessed for delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method for verbal patients or the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit for non verbal or intubated patients, and patients medical records were reviewed for evidence of delirium by doctors and nurses assessments. Patients were considered to have delirium by any modality at anytime postoperative day one through five.
2 secondary outcomes
The Number of Participants With Postoperative Falls
Time frame: Up to 1 year postoperatively
Health Related Quality of Life
Time frame: Up to one year postoperatively
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Oct 2026.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 36130079Guay CS, Kafashan M, Huels ER, Jiang Y, Beyoglu B, Spencer JW, Geczi K, Apakama G, Ju YS, Wildes TS, Avidan MS, Palanca BJA. Postoperative Delirium Severity and Recovery Correlate With Electroencephalogram Spectral Features. Anesth Analg. 2023 Jan 1;136(1):140-151. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000006075. Epub 2022 May 13.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 34243940Fritz BA, King CR, Mickle AM, Wildes TS, Budelier TP, Oberhaus J, Park D, Maybrier HR, Ben Abdallah A, Kronzer A, McKinnon SL, Torres BA, Graetz TJ, Emmert DA, Palanca BJ, Stevens TW, Stark SL, Lenze EJ, Avidan MS; ENGAGES Research Group. Effect of electroencephalogram-guided anaesthesia administration on 1-yr mortality: follow-up of a randomised clinical trial. Br J Anaesth. 2021 Sep;127(3):386-395. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.04.036. Epub 2021 Jul 7.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 30721296Wildes TS, Mickle AM, Ben Abdallah A, Maybrier HR, Oberhaus J, Budelier TP, Kronzer A, McKinnon SL, Park D, Torres BA, Graetz TJ, Emmert DA, Palanca BJ, Goswami S, Jordan K, Lin N, Fritz BA, Stevens TW, Jacobsohn E, Schmitt EM, Inouye SK, Stark S, Lenze EJ, Avidan MS; ENGAGES Research Group. Effect of Electroencephalography-Guided Anesthetic Administration on Postoperative Delirium Among Older Adults Undergoing Major Surgery: The ENGAGES Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019 Feb 5;321(5):473-483. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.22005.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 30621829Maybrier HR, King CR, Crawford AE, Mickle AM, Emmert DA, Wildes TS, Avidan MS, Palanca BJA; ENGAGES Study Investigators. Early Postoperative Actigraphy Poorly Predicts Hypoactive Delirium. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019 Jan 15;15(1):79-87. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.7576.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 29550773Aranake-Chrisinger A, Cheng JZ, Muench MR, Tang R, Mickle A, Maybrier H, Lin N, Wildes T, Lenze E, Avidan MS. Ability of postoperative delirium to predict intermediate-term postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing elective surgery at an academic medical centre: protocol for a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2018 Mar 17;8(3):e017079. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017079.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 29239943Mickle AM, Maybrier HR, Winter AC, McKinnon SL, Torres BA, Lin N, Lenze EJ, Stark S, Muench MR, Jacobsohn E, Inouye SK, Avidan MS, Wildes TS; ENGAGES Research Group*. Achieving Milestones as a Prerequisite for Proceeding With a Clinical Trial. Anesth Analg. 2018 Jun;126(6):1851-1858. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002680.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 28698343Cui V, Tedeschi CM, Kronzer VL, McKinnon SL, Avidan MS. Protocol for an observational study of delirium in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) as a potential predictor of subsequent postoperative delirium. BMJ Open. 2017 Jul 10;7(7):e016402. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016402.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 27311914Wildes TS, Winter AC, Maybrier HR, Mickle AM, Lenze EJ, Stark S, Lin N, Inouye SK, Schmitt EM, McKinnon SL, Muench MR, Murphy MR, Upadhyayula RT, Fritz BA, Escallier KE, Apakama GP, Emmert DA, Graetz TJ, Stevens TW, Palanca BJ, Hueneke R, Melby S, Torres B, Leung JM, Jacobsohn E, Avidan MS. Protocol for the Electroencephalography Guidance of Anesthesia to Alleviate Geriatric Syndromes (ENGAGES) study: a pragmatic, randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open. 2016 Jun 15;6(6):e011505. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011505.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Michael S. Avidan, MBBCh, FCASA principal investigator
Washington University School of Medicine
Eric Lenze, MD study director
Washington University School of Medicine
Nan Lin, PhD study director
Washington University School of Medicine
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing a pragmatic EEG-guided anesthetic protocol in people with Delirium, run by Washington University School of Medicine at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 0 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 18 Jun 2019). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Number of Participants With Delirium (time frame: 5 days). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02241655, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Oct 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 3 Nov 2026.