AzTrials
AzTrials

Metastatic Colorectal CancerPhase 2NCT02260440

A Phase 2 Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Combination With Azacitidine in Subjects With Chemo-refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

A Phase 2 study testing Pembrolizumab and Azacitidine in people with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, run by Anuradha Krishnamurthy at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

This is an open label, single-arm, Phase 2 trial to evaluate the anti-tumor activity, safety, and tolerability of Pembrolizumab in combination with azacitidine in subjects with chemo-refractory mCRC without any further standard treatment options Dosage and regimen for all study periods Pembrolizumab will be given at… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older
Conditions the study is for
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
What is being tested?
Pembrolizumab and Azacitidine
Type of treatment
Injection or infusion
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
31 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
Jan 2015to Sep 2017
Phase
Phase 2
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Be willing and able to provide written informed consent/assent for the trial.
  • Be 18 years of age or older on day of signing informed consent.
  • The diagnosis of mCRC will be based on histologic or cytologic confirmation.
  • Have mCRC that has been previously treated with currently approved standard therapies.
  • Have measurable disease based on RECIST 1.1.
  • At least 1 of the tumor sites must be amenable to core needle biopsy and this may not be the site of disease used to measure antitumor response. Patient must agree to this mandatory biopsy.
Show all 11Show fewer
  • Have a performance status of 0 or 1 on the ECOG Performance Scale.
  • Demonstrate adequate organ function, all screening labs should be performed within 14 days of treatment initiation.
  • Female subject of childbearing potential should have a negative urine or serum pregnancy within 72 hours prior to receiving the first dose of study medication. If the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required.
  • Female subjects of childbearing potential should be willing to use 2 methods of birth control or be surgically sterile, or abstain from heterosexual activity for the course of the study through 120 days after the last dose of study medication. Subjects of childbearing potential are those who have not been surgically sterilized or have not been free from menses for > 1 year.
  • Male subjects should agree to use an adequate method of contraception starting with the first dose of study therapy through 120 days after the last dose of study therapy.

Who cannot join

  • Is currently participating in or has participated in a study of an investigational agent or using an investigational device within 4 weeks of the first dose of treatment.
  • Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving systemic steroid therapy or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to the first dose of trial treatment.
  • Has had a prior monoclonal antibody within 4 weeks prior to study Day 1 or who has not recovered (i.e., ≤ Grade 1 or at baseline) from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier.
  • Has had prior chemotherapy, targeted small molecule therapy, or radiation therapy within 4 weeks prior to study Day 1 or who has not recovered (i.e., ≤ Grade 1 or at baseline) from adverse events due to a previously administered agent.
  • Note: Subjects with ≤ Grade 2 neuropathy are an exception to this criterion and may qualify for the study.
  • Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or requires active treatment. Exceptions include basal cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, or in situ cervical cancer that has undergone potentially curative therapy..
Show all 20Show fewer
  • Has extensive metastatic tumor burden in the liver with serum albumin <3.0 g/dL.
  • Has known renal tubular acidosis with serum bicarbonate <20 mEq/L.
  • Has a known hypersensitivity to azacitidine or mannitol.
  • Has known active central nervous system (CNS) metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis. Subjects with previously treated brain metastases may participate provided they are stable (without evidence of progression by imaging for at least four weeks prior to the first dose of trial treatment and any neurologic symptoms have returned to baseline), have no evidence of new or enlarging brain metastases, and are not using steroids for at least 7 days prior to trial treatment.
  • Has an active autoimmune disease requiring systemic treatment within the past 3 months or a documented history of clinically severe autoimmune disease, or a syndrome that requires systemic steroids or immunosuppressive agents. Subjects with vitiligo or resolved childhood asthma/atopy would be an exception to this rule. Subjects that require intermittent use of bronchodilators or local steroid injections would not be excluded from the study. Subjects with hypothyroidism stable on hormone replacement or Sjorgen's syndrome will not be excluded from the study.
  • Has evidence of interstitial lung disease or active, non-infectious pneumonitis.
  • Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy.
  • Has a history or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality that might confound the results of the trial, interfere with the subject's participation for the full duration of the trial, or is not in the best interest of the subject to participate, in the opinion of the treating investigator.
  • Has known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with cooperation with the requirements of the trial.
  • Is pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the trial, starting with the pre-screening or screening visit through 120 days after the last dose of trial treatment.
  • Has received prior therapy with an anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-PD-L2, anti-CD137, or anti-Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibody (including ipilimumab or any other antibody or drug specifically targeting T-cell co-stimulation or checkpoint pathways).
  • Has a known history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (HIV 1/2 antibodies).
  • Has known active Hepatitis B (e.g., HBsAg reactive) or Hepatitis C (e.g., HCV RNA [qualitative] is detected).
  • Has received a live vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of trial treatment.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site

  • Hillman Cancer Center

    Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15232

Other trials in United States

About this study

This is an open label, single-arm, Phase 2 trial to evaluate the anti-tumor activity, safety, and tolerability of Pembrolizumab in combination with azacitidine in subjects with chemo-refractory mCRC without any further standard treatment options

Dosage and regimen for all study periods

Read more
  • Pembrolizumab will be given at 200 mg every 21 days.
  • Azacitidine will be given at 100 mg daily subcutaneous injection on days 1-5 every 21 days.

The first assessment of tumor response will be performed after cycle 3 (9 weeks), and thereafter approximately every 9 weeks, every 3 cycles of therapy. The modified RECIST 1.1 will be used to establish disease response or progression.

All patients will be evaluated and graded for adverse events according to the NCI Common Terminology for Adverse Events, version 4.0 (NCI-CTCAE).

Medical subject headings
Colorectal Neoplasms

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • PembrolizumabDrug

    Pembrolizumab will be given at 200 mg every 21 days

  • AzacitidineDrug

    Azacitidine will be given at 100 mg daily subcutaneous injection on days 1-5 every 21 days.

Study groups in NCT02260440
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Pembrolizumab and Azacitidine ArmExperimental9 cycles * Pembrolizumab will be given at 200 mg every 21 days. * Azacitidine will be given at 100 mg daily subcutaneous injection on days 1-5 every 21 days.
Receives: Drug: Pembrolizumab; Drug: Azacitidine

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Objective Response Rate (ORR)

    The objective response rate is estimated by the proportion (percentage) of participants with the best response of complete response (CR), or partial response (PR) by RECIST 1.1 criteria, with corresponding exact 95% confidence limits being reported. Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.1) for target lesions and assessed by MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), >=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR.

    Measured: Up to 14 months

Secondary outcomes (2)

  1. Progression-free Survival (PFS)

    Progression-free Survival (PFS) (median) was determined using the number of months measured from the initial date of treatment to the date of documented progression, or the date of death (in the absence of progression) of participants. Progression is defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.1), as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions.

    Measured: Up to 2 years

  2. Overall Survival (OS)

    Overall Survival (OS) (median) was determined using the number of months measured from the initial date of treatment to the recorded date of death of participants.

    Measured: Up to 2 years

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted9 Oct 2014 (estimated)
  2. Study startJan 2015
  3. Primary completionMar 2016
  4. Study completionSep 2017

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
31 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT02260440
Sponsor's protocol ID
14-118
Status last verified
Sep 2019
First submitted
6 Oct 2014
Last updated
17 Sep 2019
Data monitoring committee
Yes

Publications

  • Kuang C, Park Y, Augustin RC, Lin Y, Hartman DJ, Seigh L, Pai RK, Sun W, Bahary N, Ohr J, Rhee JC, Marks SM, Beasley HS, Shuai Y, Herman JG, Zarour HM, Chu E, Lee JJ, Krishnamurthy A. Pembrolizumab plus azacitidine in patients with chemotherapy refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a single-arm phase 2 trial and correlative biomarker analysis. Clin Epigenetics. 2022 Jan 6;14(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s13148-021-01226-y.

    PubMed 34991708

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 2 study testing Pembrolizumab and Azacitidine in people with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, run by Anuradha Krishnamurthy at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 11 inclusion and 20 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Sep 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 16 May 2017). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Objective Response Rate (ORR) (time frame: Up to 14 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02260440, which also lists 1 linked publication.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Sep 2019; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 6 Nov 2026.

AzTrials uses cookies for analytics and advertising. You can accept or reject them; the site works either way. Privacy Policy.

Free account

Log in to keep searching

You’ve used your 3 free searches. AzTrials is free: log in or create a free account to keep searching clinical trials and save the ones you want to follow.

Create a free accountLog in