Physician Work MotivationNCT02263521
Understanding Physician Work Motivation
An observational study of Physician Work Motivation, run by American Medical Association.
Trial summary
Development and validation of a measure of physician work motivation. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 21 to 90 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Physician Work Motivation
- How many people
- 4,500 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- Oct 2014to Sep 2015
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 21 to 90 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Population #1 includes practicing physicians in all medical specialties. Population #2 includes resident physicians in all medical specialties. Population #3 includes fourth year medical students in all US allopathic medical schools.
Who may be able to join
- practicing physicians in all medical specialties
- resident physicians in all medical specialties
- fourth year medical students in US allopathic medical schools
Who cannot join
- physicians without an active medical license.
- resident physicians without an active medical license.
- fourth year medical students in US osteopathic medical schools
About this study
Official title: Physician Work Motivation: A Measure Validation Study
Development and validation of a measure of physician work motivation.
Read the detailed description
Not that long ago, most physicians were solo practitioners. Today, more physicians are working in large, integrated delivery systems, and many are employed by hospitals and multispecialty group practices. These dramatic changes in the physician work environment raise important questions on how evolving physician payment and care delivery models support or undermine your motivation and ability to deliver high-quality patient care.
To evaluate the impact of workplace changes on what motivates physician to deliver good patient care, this study aims to develop an accurate measure of physician work motivation. Simultaneously, the investigators plan to test hypotheses on the role of various workplace and psychological factors in physicians' work motivation. Namely, the investigators hypothesize that:
20 to 25% of the variance in work motivation is explained by psychological needs satisfaction; 5 to 10% of the variance in self-reported overall health status and depression is explained by work motivation; 5% of the variation in work motivation is explained by work that is seen as a calling; and 5 to 10% of the variation in medicine viewed as a calling is explained by the learning environment.
- Conditions
- Physician Work Motivation
- Being tested
- No intervention employed. Study is based on a cross-sectional observational design.
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
No intervention employed. Study is based on a cross-sectional observational design.Other
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| physicians | Nationally-representative sample of physicians in all specialties who have direct or indirect patient care responsibilities Receives: Other: No intervention employed. Study is based on a cross-sectional observational design. | |
| resident physicians | Nationally-representative of resident physicians in all specialties Receives: Other: No intervention employed. Study is based on a cross-sectional observational design. | |
| medical students | Nationally-representative sample of 4th year medical students in all US allopathic medical schools. Receives: Other: No intervention employed. Study is based on a cross-sectional observational design. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Internalization of work motivation (self-reported)
Composite measure comprised of 15 items using 7-point Likert-type response categories (not at all true-very true) to assess extent of psychological internalization of work motivation
Measured: Up to 4 months
Secondary outcomes (5)
Psychological needs satisfaction at work (self-reported)
Composite measure comprised of 12 statements using 7-point Likert-type response categories (not at all true-very true) to assess perceived fulfillment of needs for autonomy, self-efficacy/competence, relatedness, and purpose in work context
Measured: Up to 4 months
Overall health status (self-reported)
Proportion of respondents reporting own overall health as "excellent," "very good," or "good" vs. "fair" or "poor"
Measured: Up to 4 months
Depression (self-reported)
Proportion of respondents reporting a score of >3 on a two-item depression screening instrument (patient health questionnaire-2)
Measured: Up to 4 months
Medicine as a calling
Composite measure comprised of 15 statements using true/false response scale to assess view of work as "calling," "career," or "job"
Measured: Up to 4 months
Medical learning environment that supports professionalism
Composite measure comprised of 13 statements using 5-point Likert-type response scale (strongly disagree-strongly agree) to assess experiences of medical professionalism in medical students' learning environments
Measured: Up to 4 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Oct 2014 (estimated)
- Study startOct 2014
- Primary completionMay 2015 (estimated)
- Study completionSep 2015 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (9)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Physician Work MotivationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 4,500 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- American Medical Association
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- American Medical Group Association, Illinois Institute of Technology, Advocate Physician Partners, University of California, San Francisco, University of Rochester, Johns Hopkins University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Audiey Kao, MD, PhD, American Medical Association
- Investigators
- Audiey Kao, MD, PhD, Principal investigator, American Medical Association
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02263521
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- AMAHSA0901
- Status last verified
- Jan 2015
- First submitted
- 28 Sep 2014
- Last updated
- 14 Jan 2015
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Shearer DA. Management styles and motivation. Radiol Manage. 2012 Sep-Oct;34(5):47-52.
PubMed 23130386Wright SM, Beasley BW. Motivating factors for academic physicians within departments of medicine. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004 Sep;79(9):1145-50. doi: 10.4065/79.9.1145.
PubMed 15357036Williams GC, Rodin GC, Ryan RM, Grolnick WS, Deci EL. Autonomous regulation and long-term medication adherence in adult outpatients. Health Psychol. 1998 May;17(3):269-76. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.17.3.269.
PubMed 9619477Williams GC, Deci EL. Internalization of biopsychosocial values by medical students: a test of self-determination theory. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996 Apr;70(4):767-79. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.70.4.767.
PubMed 8636897Williams GC, Wiener MW, Markakis KM, Reeve J, Deci EL. Medical students' motivation for internal medicine. J Gen Intern Med. 1994 Jun;9(6):327-33. doi: 10.1007/BF02599180.
PubMed 8077997Cerasoli CP, Nicklin JM, Ford MT. Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic incentives jointly predict performance: a 40-year meta-analysis. Psychol Bull. 2014 Jul;140(4):980-1008. doi: 10.1037/a0035661. Epub 2014 Feb 3.
PubMed 24491020Gonzalez MG, Swanson DP, Lynch M, Williams GC. Testing satisfaction of basic psychological needs as a mediator of the relationship between socioeconomic status and physical and mental health. J Health Psychol. 2016 Jun;21(6):972-82. doi: 10.1177/1359105314543962. Epub 2014 Aug 7.
PubMed 25104782Murayama K, Matsumoto M, Izuma K, Matsumoto K. Neural basis of the undermining effect of monetary reward on intrinsic motivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Dec 7;107(49):20911-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1013305107. Epub 2010 Nov 15.
PubMed 21078974Wrzesniewski A, Schwartz B, Cong X, Kane M, Omar A, Kolditz T. Multiple types of motives don't multiply the motivation of West Point cadets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jul 29;111(30):10990-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1405298111. Epub 2014 Jun 30.
PubMed 24982165
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Jan 2015. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Physician Work Motivation: A Measure Validation Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02263521
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- AMAHSA0901
- Conditions
- Physician Work Motivation
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 4,500 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- American Medical AssociationUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- American Medical Group Association, Illinois Institute of Technology, Advocate Physician Partners, University of California, San Francisco, University of Rochester, Johns Hopkins University
- Study start
- Oct 2014
- Primary completion
- May 2015 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Sep 2015 (estimated)
- First posted
- 13 Oct 2014 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Development and validation of a measure of physician work motivation.
Detailed description
Not that long ago, most physicians were solo practitioners. Today, more physicians are working in large, integrated delivery systems, and many are employed by hospitals and multispecialty group practices. These dramatic changes in the physician work environment raise important questions on how evolving physician payment and care delivery models support or undermine your motivation and ability to deliver high-quality patient care.
To evaluate the impact of workplace changes on what motivates physician to deliver good patient care, this study aims to develop an accurate measure of physician work motivation. Simultaneously, the investigators plan to test hypotheses on the role of various workplace and psychological factors in physicians' work motivation. Namely, the investigators hypothesize that:
20 to 25% of the variance in work motivation is explained by psychological needs satisfaction; 5 to 10% of the variance in self-reported overall health status and depression is explained by work motivation; 5% of the variation in work motivation is explained by work that is seen as a calling; and 5 to 10% of the variation in medicine viewed as a calling is explained by the learning environment.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| physicians | – | Other: No intervention employed. Study is based on a cross-sectional observational design.Nationally-representative sample of physicians in all specialties who have direct or indirect patient care responsibilities |
| resident physicians | – | Other: No intervention employed. Study is based on a cross-sectional observational design.Nationally-representative of resident physicians in all specialties |
| medical students | – | Other: No intervention employed. Study is based on a cross-sectional observational design.Nationally-representative sample of 4th year medical students in all US allopathic medical schools. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 21 to 90 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Population #1 includes practicing physicians in all medical specialties. Population #2 includes resident physicians in all medical specialties. Population #3 includes fourth year medical students in all US allopathic medical schools.
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- practicing physicians in all medical specialties
- resident physicians in all medical specialties
- fourth year medical students in US allopathic medical schools
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- physicians without an active medical license.
- resident physicians without an active medical license.
- fourth year medical students in US osteopathic medical schools
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| No intervention employed. Study is based on a cross-sectional observational design. | Other | medical students, physicians, resident physicians |
Primary outcome
Internalization of work motivation (self-reported)
Time frame: Up to 4 months
Composite measure comprised of 15 items using 7-point Likert-type response categories (not at all true-very true) to assess extent of psychological internalization of work motivation
5 secondary outcomes
Psychological needs satisfaction at work (self-reported)
Time frame: Up to 4 months
Overall health status (self-reported)
Time frame: Up to 4 months
Depression (self-reported)
Time frame: Up to 4 months
Medicine as a calling
Time frame: Up to 4 months
Medical learning environment that supports professionalism
Time frame: Up to 4 months
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Jan 2015.
- Background: PubMed 23130386Shearer DA. Management styles and motivation. Radiol Manage. 2012 Sep-Oct;34(5):47-52.
- Background: PubMed 15357036Wright SM, Beasley BW. Motivating factors for academic physicians within departments of medicine. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004 Sep;79(9):1145-50. doi: 10.4065/79.9.1145.
- Background: PubMed 9619477Williams GC, Rodin GC, Ryan RM, Grolnick WS, Deci EL. Autonomous regulation and long-term medication adherence in adult outpatients. Health Psychol. 1998 May;17(3):269-76. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.17.3.269.
- Background: PubMed 8636897Williams GC, Deci EL. Internalization of biopsychosocial values by medical students: a test of self-determination theory. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996 Apr;70(4):767-79. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.70.4.767.
- Background: PubMed 8077997Williams GC, Wiener MW, Markakis KM, Reeve J, Deci EL. Medical students' motivation for internal medicine. J Gen Intern Med. 1994 Jun;9(6):327-33. doi: 10.1007/BF02599180.
- Background: PubMed 24491020Cerasoli CP, Nicklin JM, Ford MT. Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic incentives jointly predict performance: a 40-year meta-analysis. Psychol Bull. 2014 Jul;140(4):980-1008. doi: 10.1037/a0035661. Epub 2014 Feb 3.
- Background: PubMed 25104782Gonzalez MG, Swanson DP, Lynch M, Williams GC. Testing satisfaction of basic psychological needs as a mediator of the relationship between socioeconomic status and physical and mental health. J Health Psychol. 2016 Jun;21(6):972-82. doi: 10.1177/1359105314543962. Epub 2014 Aug 7.
- Background: PubMed 21078974Murayama K, Matsumoto M, Izuma K, Matsumoto K. Neural basis of the undermining effect of monetary reward on intrinsic motivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Dec 7;107(49):20911-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1013305107. Epub 2010 Nov 15.
- Background: PubMed 24982165Wrzesniewski A, Schwartz B, Cong X, Kane M, Omar A, Kolditz T. Multiple types of motives don't multiply the motivation of West Point cadets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jul 29;111(30):10990-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1405298111. Epub 2014 Jun 30.
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Audiey Kao, MD, PhD principal investigator
American Medical Association
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Physician Work Motivation, run by American Medical Association.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Jan 2015. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Internalization of work motivation (self-reported) (time frame: Up to 4 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02263521, which also lists 9 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Jan 2015.