Respiratory FailureNCT02293616
Strength Testing After Nitrate Delivery (STAND) in ICU Patients
A study testing Nitrate Rich Beetroot Juice in people with Respiratory Failure, run by Wake Forest University Health Sciences at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
It is well documented that intensive care unit (ICU) patients have lower levels of skeletal muscle strength compared to non-ICU patients upon hospital discharge, and this weakness affects the patient's ability to perform basic activities of daily living upon hospital discharge and for extended periods thereafter. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 56 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Respiratory Failure
- What is being tested?
- Nitrate Rich Beetroot Juice
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 25 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Jun 2015to Apr 2017
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 56 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Age > 55 years
- Mechanically ventilated via an endotracheal tube or mask who have begun spontaneous breathing trials or extubated within the previous 24 hours
- Lung Injury as defined by a PaO2 / FiO2 < 300
Who cannot join
- Inability to walk without assistance prior to acute ICU illness (use of a cane or walkers not exclusions)
- Cognitive impairment prior to acute ICU illness (non-verbal)
- Acute stroke
- Body mass index (BMI) >50
- Neuromuscular disease that could impair weaning (myasthenia gravis, ALS, Guillain-Barre)
- Hip fracture, unstable cervical spine or pathological fracture
Show all 14Show fewer
- Mechanically Ventilated > 80 hours
- Current hospitalization or transferring hospital stay > 7 days
- DNR/DNI on admission
- Cancer treatment within the last 6 months
- Moribund
- Participation in another research study
- On nitroglycerine or nitrate preparations used with angina or phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors
- Body mass less than 60 kg
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157
About this study
It is well documented that intensive care unit (ICU) patients have lower levels of skeletal muscle strength compared to non-ICU patients upon hospital discharge, and this weakness affects the patient's ability to perform basic activities of daily living upon hospital discharge and for extended periods thereafter. Recently, critically ill ICU patients have been shown to have lower nitric oxide levels. These patients often suffer from a disturbed homeostasis with circulatory and metabolic abnormalities that may potentially contribute to their ICU acquired weakness. Given the recent research showing dietary nitrate supplementation can increase nitric oxide levels and improve exercise tolerance in healthy and diseased older individuals, our aim is to investigate the importance of nitrate supplementation in ICU patients with focus on physical function and ICU acquired muscle weakness.
Read the detailed description
The proposed study is an investigator initiated, double blind, placebo controlled experimental study designed to evaluate the effect of chronic NO3- supplementation via beetroot juice ingestion on the skeletal muscle strength and physical function in ICU patients. Patients will be randomized to receive either nitrate rich or nitrate depleted beetroot juice once daily during their ICU and hospital stay. Physical function and skeletal muscle strength will be measured at ICU (± 2 days) and hospital (± 2 days) discharge and 2 months (± 2 weeks) after enrollment. Plasma levels of nitrate and nitrite will be measured 1, 3 and 5 days after randomization into the trial and at ICU and hospital discharge. Skeletal muscle ultrasound will be performed to examine the size and echogenicity of patient muscles. Self-reported physical function will be measured using the Functional Performance Inventory Short Form (FPI-SF). The FPI-SF provides an overall score of patient self-reported functional performance in the areas of household maintenance, movement, family and social activities, work, avocation and recreation
- Conditions
- Respiratory Failure
- Being tested
- Nitrate Rich Beetroot Juice, Placebo
- Keywords
- ICU, Respiratory Failure, Weakness, Nitrate supplementation
- Medical subject headings
- Respiratory Insufficiency, Asthenia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Nitrate Rich Beetroot JuiceDietary supplement
Also called Beet It Shot®
Nitrate rich beetroot juice diet supplement will be consumed by subjects.
PlaceboDietary supplement
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Nitrate Rich | Experimental | A nitrate rich beetroot juice supplement (Beet It Shot®, James White Drinks, UK) high in nitrates will be provided to the subjects. Subject's diet will be supplemented once daily while hospitalized up to 14 days with one 70 ml bottle containing 300 mg of dietary nitrate. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Nitrate Rich Beetroot Juice |
| Nitrate Depleted | Placebo comparator | This group will consume a beetroot juice supplement (Beet It Shot®, James White Drinks, UK) that has had the nitrate removed from the beverage by the manufacturer. Patient's diet will be supplemented once daily with one 70 ml bottle while hospitalized up to 14 days. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Placebo |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
physical function assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)
The SPPB is based on timed measures of standing balance, walking speed, and ability to rise from a chair. Each performance measure is assigned a score ranging from 0 to 4, with 4 indicating the highest level of performance and 0 inability to complete the test. A summary score (range 0-12) will be calculated by adding the three scores.
Measured: 2 months
Secondary outcomes (3)
Plasma Nitrate and Nitrite Levels
Blood samples will be collected in 4 mL lithium heparin vials. Nitrate and nitrite will be measured separately using the ENO-20 NOx analyzer.
Measured: 5 days
Skeletal muscle strength
Skeletal muscle strength will be measured in both upper and lower extremities. Hand grip strength in both hands will be measured using a hand held grip strength dynamometer. Additionally, an electronic strength dynamometer will be used to collect strength measures of the elbow flexion, elbow extension, shoulder flexion in the scaption plane, ankle dorsiflexion, knee extension and hip extension, bilaterally. Skeletal muscle ultrasound will be performed on upper and lower extremities bilaterally.
Measured: 2 months
Hospital Length of Stay
The hospital calendar days (or any portion of a calendar day) at the enrolling hospital and at any long term acute care facility to which the subject is directly transferred.
Measured: 2 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted18 Nov 2014 (estimated)
- Study startJun 2015
- Primary completionApr 2017
- Study completionApr 2017
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (16)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Respiratory FailureStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 25 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- D. Clark Files, MD, Principal investigator, Wake Forest University Health Sciences
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02293616
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IRB00030880
- Status last verified
- Jul 2018
- First submitted
- 13 Nov 2014
- Last updated
- 18 Jul 2018
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Berry MJ, Morris PE. Early exercise rehabilitation of muscle weakness in acute respiratory failure patients. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2013 Oct;41(4):208-15. doi: 10.1097/JES.0b013e3182a4e67c.
PubMed 23873130Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373-83. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8.
PubMed 3558716De Jonghe B, Sharshar T, Lefaucheur JP, Authier FJ, Durand-Zaleski I, Boussarsar M, Cerf C, Renaud E, Mesrati F, Carlet J, Raphael JC, Outin H, Bastuji-Garin S; Groupe de Reflexion et d'Etude des Neuromyopathies en Reanimation. Paresis acquired in the intensive care unit: a prospective multicenter study. JAMA. 2002 Dec 11;288(22):2859-67. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.22.2859.
PubMed 12472328Fletcher SN, Kennedy DD, Ghosh IR, Misra VP, Kiff K, Coakley JH, Hinds CJ. Persistent neuromuscular and neurophysiologic abnormalities in long-term survivors of prolonged critical illness. Crit Care Med. 2003 Apr;31(4):1012-6. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000053651.38421.D9.
PubMed 12682465Garland A, Dawson NV, Altmann I, Thomas CL, Phillips RS, Tsevat J, Desbiens NA, Bellamy PE, Knaus WA, Connors AF Jr; SUPPORT Investigators. Outcomes up to 5 years after severe, acute respiratory failure. Chest. 2004 Dec;126(6):1897-904. doi: 10.1378/chest.126.6.1897.
PubMed 15596690Groll DL, To T, Bombardier C, Wright JG. The development of a comorbidity index with physical function as the outcome. J Clin Epidemiol. 2005 Jun;58(6):595-602. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.10.018.
PubMed 15878473Guralnik JM, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, Glynn RJ, Berkman LF, Blazer DG, Scherr PA, Wallace RB. A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. J Gerontol. 1994 Mar;49(2):M85-94. doi: 10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85.
PubMed 8126356Herridge MS, Cheung AM, Tansey CM, Matte-Martyn A, Diaz-Granados N, Al-Saidi F, Cooper AB, Guest CB, Mazer CD, Mehta S, Stewart TE, Barr A, Cook D, Slutsky AS; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. One-year outcomes in survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2003 Feb 20;348(8):683-93. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa022450.
PubMed 12594312Kelly J, Fulford J, Vanhatalo A, Blackwell JR, French O, Bailey SJ, Gilchrist M, Winyard PG, Jones AM. Effects of short-term dietary nitrate supplementation on blood pressure, O2 uptake kinetics, and muscle and cognitive function in older adults. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2013 Jan 15;304(2):R73-83. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00406.2012. Epub 2012 Nov 21.
PubMed 23174856Kenjale AA, Ham KL, Stabler T, Robbins JL, Johnson JL, Vanbruggen M, Privette G, Yim E, Kraus WE, Allen JD. Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances exercise performance in peripheral arterial disease. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2011 Jun;110(6):1582-91. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00071.2011. Epub 2011 Mar 31.
PubMed 21454745Leidy NK. Psychometric properties of the functional performance inventory in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nurs Res. 1999 Jan-Feb;48(1):20-8. doi: 10.1097/00006199-199901000-00004.
PubMed 10029398Luiking YC, Deutz NE. Exogenous arginine in sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2007 Sep;35(9 Suppl):S557-63. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000279191.44730.A2.
PubMed 17713409Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Gladwin MT. The nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2008 Feb;7(2):156-67. doi: 10.1038/nrd2466.
PubMed 18167491Mensinga TT, Speijers GJ, Meulenbelt J. Health implications of exposure to environmental nitrogenous compounds. Toxicol Rev. 2003;22(1):41-51. doi: 10.2165/00139709-200322010-00005.
PubMed 14579546Zimmerman JE, Kramer AA, McNair DS, Malila FM, Shaffer VL. Intensive care unit length of stay: Benchmarking based on Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV. Crit Care Med. 2006 Oct;34(10):2517-29. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000240233.01711.D9.
PubMed 16932234
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Jul 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Strength Testing After Nitrate Delivery (STAND) in ICU Patients
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02293616
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IRB00030880
- Conditions
- Respiratory Failure
- Keywords
- ICU, Respiratory Failure, Weakness, Nitrate supplementation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 25 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Wake Forest University Health SciencesUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Jun 2015
- Primary completion
- Apr 2017 (actual)
- Study completion
- Apr 2017 (actual)
- First posted
- 18 Nov 2014 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
It is well documented that intensive care unit (ICU) patients have lower levels of skeletal muscle strength compared to non-ICU patients upon hospital discharge, and this weakness affects the patient's ability to perform basic activities of daily living upon hospital discharge and for extended periods thereafter. Recently, critically ill ICU patients have been shown to have lower nitric oxide levels. These patients often suffer from a disturbed homeostasis with circulatory and metabolic abnormalities that may potentially contribute to their ICU acquired weakness. Given the recent research showing dietary nitrate supplementation can increase nitric oxide levels and improve exercise tolerance in healthy and diseased older individuals, our aim is to investigate the importance of nitrate supplementation in ICU patients with focus on physical function and ICU acquired muscle weakness.
Detailed description
The proposed study is an investigator initiated, double blind, placebo controlled experimental study designed to evaluate the effect of chronic NO3- supplementation via beetroot juice ingestion on the skeletal muscle strength and physical function in ICU patients. Patients will be randomized to receive either nitrate rich or nitrate depleted beetroot juice once daily during their ICU and hospital stay. Physical function and skeletal muscle strength will be measured at ICU (± 2 days) and hospital (± 2 days) discharge and 2 months (± 2 weeks) after enrollment. Plasma levels of nitrate and nitrite will be measured 1, 3 and 5 days after randomization into the trial and at ICU and hospital discharge. Skeletal muscle ultrasound will be performed to examine the size and echogenicity of patient muscles. Self-reported physical function will be measured using the Functional Performance Inventory Short Form (FPI-SF). The FPI-SF provides an overall score of patient self-reported functional performance in the areas of household maintenance, movement, family and social activities, work, avocation and recreation
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Nitrate Rich | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Nitrate Rich Beetroot JuiceA nitrate rich beetroot juice supplement (Beet It Shot®, James White Drinks, UK) high in nitrates will be provided to the subjects. Subject's diet will be supplemented once daily while hospitalized up to 14 days with one 70 ml bottle containing 300 mg of dietary nitrate. |
| Nitrate Depleted | Placebo comparator | Dietary Supplement: PlaceboThis group will consume a beetroot juice supplement (Beet It Shot®, James White Drinks, UK) that has had the nitrate removed from the beverage by the manufacturer. Patient's diet will be supplemented once daily with one 70 ml bottle while hospitalized up to 14 days. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 56 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Age > 55 years
- Mechanically ventilated via an endotracheal tube or mask who have begun spontaneous breathing trials or extubated within the previous 24 hours
- Lung Injury as defined by a PaO2 / FiO2 < 300
Key exclusion criteria (14 listed)
- Inability to walk without assistance prior to acute ICU illness (use of a cane or walkers not exclusions)
- Cognitive impairment prior to acute ICU illness (non-verbal)
- Acute stroke
- Body mass index (BMI) >50
- Neuromuscular disease that could impair weaning (myasthenia gravis, ALS, Guillain-Barre)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Nitrate Rich Beetroot JuiceAlso: Beet It Shot®Nitrate rich beetroot juice diet supplement will be consumed by subjects. | Dietary supplement | Nitrate Rich |
| Placebo | Dietary supplement | Nitrate Depleted |
Primary outcome
physical function assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)
Time frame: 2 months
The SPPB is based on timed measures of standing balance, walking speed, and ability to rise from a chair. Each performance measure is assigned a score ranging from 0 to 4, with 4 indicating the highest level of performance and 0 inability to complete the test. A summary score (range 0-12) will be calculated by adding the three scores.
3 secondary outcomes
Plasma Nitrate and Nitrite Levels
Time frame: 5 days
Skeletal muscle strength
Time frame: 2 months
Hospital Length of Stay
Time frame: 2 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Jul 2018.
- Background: PubMed 23873130Berry MJ, Morris PE. Early exercise rehabilitation of muscle weakness in acute respiratory failure patients. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2013 Oct;41(4):208-15. doi: 10.1097/JES.0b013e3182a4e67c.
- Background: PubMed 3558716Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373-83. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8.
- Background: PubMed 12472328De Jonghe B, Sharshar T, Lefaucheur JP, Authier FJ, Durand-Zaleski I, Boussarsar M, Cerf C, Renaud E, Mesrati F, Carlet J, Raphael JC, Outin H, Bastuji-Garin S; Groupe de Reflexion et d'Etude des Neuromyopathies en Reanimation. Paresis acquired in the intensive care unit: a prospective multicenter study. JAMA. 2002 Dec 11;288(22):2859-67. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.22.2859.
- Background: PubMed 12682465Fletcher SN, Kennedy DD, Ghosh IR, Misra VP, Kiff K, Coakley JH, Hinds CJ. Persistent neuromuscular and neurophysiologic abnormalities in long-term survivors of prolonged critical illness. Crit Care Med. 2003 Apr;31(4):1012-6. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000053651.38421.D9.
- Background: PubMed 15596690Garland A, Dawson NV, Altmann I, Thomas CL, Phillips RS, Tsevat J, Desbiens NA, Bellamy PE, Knaus WA, Connors AF Jr; SUPPORT Investigators. Outcomes up to 5 years after severe, acute respiratory failure. Chest. 2004 Dec;126(6):1897-904. doi: 10.1378/chest.126.6.1897.
- Background: PubMed 15878473Groll DL, To T, Bombardier C, Wright JG. The development of a comorbidity index with physical function as the outcome. J Clin Epidemiol. 2005 Jun;58(6):595-602. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.10.018.
- Background: PubMed 8126356Guralnik JM, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, Glynn RJ, Berkman LF, Blazer DG, Scherr PA, Wallace RB. A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. J Gerontol. 1994 Mar;49(2):M85-94. doi: 10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85.
- Background: PubMed 12594312Herridge MS, Cheung AM, Tansey CM, Matte-Martyn A, Diaz-Granados N, Al-Saidi F, Cooper AB, Guest CB, Mazer CD, Mehta S, Stewart TE, Barr A, Cook D, Slutsky AS; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. One-year outcomes in survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2003 Feb 20;348(8):683-93. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa022450.
- Background: PubMed 23174856Kelly J, Fulford J, Vanhatalo A, Blackwell JR, French O, Bailey SJ, Gilchrist M, Winyard PG, Jones AM. Effects of short-term dietary nitrate supplementation on blood pressure, O2 uptake kinetics, and muscle and cognitive function in older adults. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2013 Jan 15;304(2):R73-83. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00406.2012. Epub 2012 Nov 21.
- Background: PubMed 21454745Kenjale AA, Ham KL, Stabler T, Robbins JL, Johnson JL, Vanbruggen M, Privette G, Yim E, Kraus WE, Allen JD. Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances exercise performance in peripheral arterial disease. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2011 Jun;110(6):1582-91. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00071.2011. Epub 2011 Mar 31.
- Background: PubMed 10029398Leidy NK. Psychometric properties of the functional performance inventory in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nurs Res. 1999 Jan-Feb;48(1):20-8. doi: 10.1097/00006199-199901000-00004.
- Background: PubMed 17713409Luiking YC, Deutz NE. Exogenous arginine in sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2007 Sep;35(9 Suppl):S557-63. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000279191.44730.A2.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
D. Clark Files, MD principal investigator
Wake Forest University Health Sciences
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Nitrate Rich Beetroot Juice in people with Respiratory Failure, run by Wake Forest University Health Sciences at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 14 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Jul 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
physical function assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) (time frame: 2 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02293616, which also lists 16 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Jul 2018.