AnxietyNCT02344745
Lavender Aromatherapy for Anxiety During Urodynamics
A study testing Lavandula angustifolia essential oil (Aura Cacia) and Distilled water in people with Anxiety and Pain, run by University of Southern California at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Urodynamics are performed in the evaluation of urinary incontinence in women considering surgery or who have failed conservative therapies. Urodynamic testing requires the placement of small catheters into the bladder and the vagina or rectum. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, women only
- What is being tested?
- Lavandula angustifolia essential oil (Aura Cacia) and Distilled water
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 80 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Oct 2014to Aug 2015
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Women aged 18 and over,
- Scheduled to undergo multichannel urodynamic study,
- Able to give informed consent,
- Able to read and write in English or Spanish,
- Anxiety score > 0 on numerical scale at baseline
Who cannot join
- Any contraindication to multichannel urodynamic study (active urinary tract infection, active pelvic infection, glucosuria, severe hypertension, or any other condition that might be worsened by an uncomfortable test),
- Allergy to lavender oil, or any of its components
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Los Angeles Count + USC Medical Center
Los Angeles, California, 90033
About this study
Official title: The Use of Lavender Aromatherapy to Decrease Women's Anxiety and Perception of Pain During Multi-channel Urodynamics Procedure
Urodynamics are performed in the evaluation of urinary incontinence in women considering surgery or who have failed conservative therapies. Urodynamic testing requires the placement of small catheters into the bladder and the vagina or rectum. Many women experience anxiety around the procedure which can affect patient satisfaction. Lavender aromatherapy has been associated with decreased anxiety in a variety of clinical situations. The purpose of this study is to determine a difference in self-reported anxiety and pain levels before, during, and after multichannel urodynamics in patients given lavender aromatherapy versus placebo. This study design is a randomized control trial. Women scheduled for urodynamic testing at the Los Angeles County University of Southern California (LAC+USC) Urogynecology clinic will be invited to participate. Participants will be randomized to the aromatherapy or the placebo group after informed consent is obtained and immediately before undergoing multichannel urodynamics. The participants will complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Survey (HADS) at baseline. They will be asked to rate their level of anxiety and pain before, during, and 15 min after the study using the visual analogue scale and Wong-Baker pain scale. At the end the participants will also be asked to rate their satisfaction with the visit overall. The primary endpoint is defined as anxiety immediately after catheters are placed. Data will be entered into a coded database for analysis using the independent samples t test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the chi square test. Intention to treat analysis will be used.
Read the detailed description
This study design is a randomized placebo control trial.
Aside from randomization to aromatherapy versus placebo, no procedures will be performed for study purposes that would not be normally performed in the clinical evaluation.
Women scheduled for urodynamic testing at the Los Angeles County University of Southern California (LAC+USC) Urogynecology clinic will be invited to participate. Participants who meet inclusion criteria will be randomized to the aromatherapy or the placebo group after informed consent is obtained and immediately before undergoing multichannel urodynamics. Sequentially numbered sealed opaque envelopes containing the identity of the study arm will be used for randomization. The urogynecology clinic nurse will prepare the aromatherapy versus distilled water on the paper towel that the patient is routinely given to hold over their mouths when asked to cough during the procedure; two drops of each will be utilized. Before the physician comes in, the nurse will ask the participant to take a deep breath while holding the towel 3 inches from her face and will instruct the participant to continue to take normal breaths subsequently. It will not be possible to blind the participants or the examiner to the assigned group since the lavender oil will have a different scent than the placebo. However, the use of distilled water on the towel will allow the possibility that the deep breathing accompanying the instruction may have an effect on reported pain and anxiety.
The participant will undergo the standard clinic exam in standardized order. The participants will complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Survey (HADS) at baseline. The HADS is reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxiety in the setting of a hospital medical outpatient clinic; it is available in English and Spanish versions. This will be used to establish their baseline anxiety levels. Participants will then be asked to rate their level of anxiety and pain immediately before beginning the exam, immediately after catheter placement, and 15 min after termination of the study using a 10 point visual analogue scale and the Wong-Baker pain scale.
- Being tested
- Lavandula angustifolia essential oil (Aura Cacia), Distilled water
- Keywords
- Lavender, Aromatherapy, Urodynamics
- Medical subject headings
- Anxiety Disorders, Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Lavandula angustifolia essential oil (Aura Cacia)Other
The participants will be instructed to take a deep breath while holding the towel with two drops of essential oil 3 inches from her face before the start of the procedure and will be instructed to continue to take normal breaths subsequently during the procedure.
Distilled waterOther
The participants will be instructed to take a deep breath while holding the towel with two drops of distilled water 3 inches from her face before the start of the procedure and will be instructed to continue to take normal breaths subsequently during the procedure.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control | Placebo comparator | Distilled water Receives: Other: Distilled water |
| Lavender | Experimental | Lavandula angustifolia essential oil (Aura Cacia) Receives: Other: Lavandula angustifolia essential oil (Aura Cacia) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Anxiety Measured by VAS
Anxiety was measured using a visual analogue scale, from 0-10 cm. All measurements were rounded to the nearest 0.5 cm. Higher values indicate more anxiety.
Measured: At the time of catheter placement
Secondary outcomes (3)
Wong Baker Pain Scale
Pain was measured on the Wong Baker scale from 0-10. Higher values indicate more pain.
Measured: At the time of catheter placement
Anxiety Measured by VAS
Anxiety was measured using a visual analogue scale, from 0-10 cm. All measurements were rounded to the nearest 0.5 cm. Higher values indicate more anxiety.
Measured: 15 min after removal of the urodynamics catheters
Wong Baker Pain Scale
Pain was measured on the Wong Baker scale from 0-10. Higher values indicate more pain.
Measured: 15 min after removal of the urodynamics catheters
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Jan 2015 (estimated)
- Study startOct 2014
- Primary completionAug 2015
- Study completionAug 2015
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for AnxietyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Care provider
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Southern California
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Begum Ozel, University of Southern California
- Investigators
- Begum Ozel, M.D., Principal investigator, University of Southern California
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02344745
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HS-14-00444
- Status last verified
- Oct 2016
- First submitted
- 7 Jan 2015
- Last updated
- 16 Dec 2016
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Stea S, Beraudi A, De Pasquale D. Essential oils for complementary treatment of surgical patients: state of the art. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:726341. doi: 10.1155/2014/726341. Epub 2014 Feb 24.
PubMed 24707312Yeung JY, Eschenbacher MA, Pauls RN. Pain and embarrassment associated with urodynamic testing in women. Int Urogynecol J. 2014 May;25(5):645-50. doi: 10.1007/s00192-013-2261-1. Epub 2013 Nov 27.
PubMed 24280994Yokoyama T, Nozaki K, Nose H, Inoue M, Nishiyama Y, Kumon H. Tolerability and morbidity of urodynamic testing: a questionnaire-based study. Urology. 2005 Jul;66(1):74-6. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2005.01.027.
PubMed 15992874Ku JH, Kim SW, Kim HH, Paick JS, Son H, Oh SJ. Patient experience with a urodynamic study: a prospective study in 208 patients. J Urol. 2004 Jun;171(6 Pt 1):2307-10. doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000125144.82338.0c.
PubMed 15126810Soltani R, Soheilipour S, Hajhashemi V, Asghari G, Bagheri M, Molavi M. Evaluation of the effect of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on post-tonsillectomy pain in pediatric patients: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Sep;77(9):1579-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.07.014. Epub 2013 Aug 8.
PubMed 23932834Muzzarelli L, Force M, Sebold M. Aromatherapy and reducing preprocedural anxiety: A controlled prospective study. Gastroenterol Nurs. 2006 Nov-Dec;29(6):466-71. doi: 10.1097/00001610-200611000-00005.
PubMed 17273013Grunebaum LD, Murdock J, Castanedo-Tardan MP, Baumann LS. Effects of lavender olfactory input on cosmetic procedures. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2011 Jun;10(2):89-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1473-2165.2011.00554.x.
PubMed 21649812Braden R, Reichow S, Halm MA. The use of the essential oil lavandin to reduce preoperative anxiety in surgical patients. J Perianesth Nurs. 2009 Dec;24(6):348-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2009.10.002.
PubMed 19962101Fayazi S, Babashahi M, Rezaei M. The effect of inhalation aromatherapy on anxiety level of the patients in preoperative period. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2011 Fall;16(4):278-83.
PubMed 23449862Olapour A, Behaeen K, Akhondzadeh R, Soltani F, Al Sadat Razavi F, Bekhradi R. The Effect of Inhalation of Aromatherapy Blend containing Lavender Essential Oil on Cesarean Postoperative Pain. Anesth Pain Med. 2013 Summer;3(1):203-7. doi: 10.5812/aapm.9570. Epub 2013 Jul 1.
PubMed 24223363Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983 Jun;67(6):361-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x.
PubMed 6880820Ozel BZ, Quevedo A, Jung C, Shirazi F, Dancz CE. Lavender Aromatherapy for Anxiety and Pain During Multichannel Urodynamics: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2021 Nov 1;27(11):654-658. doi: 10.1097/SPV.0000000000001032.
PubMed 33626029
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Dec 2016. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Use of Lavender Aromatherapy to Decrease Women's Anxiety and Perception of Pain During Multi-channel Urodynamics Procedure
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02344745
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HS-14-00444
- Keywords
- Lavender, Aromatherapy, Urodynamics
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Southern CaliforniaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Oct 2014
- Primary completion
- Aug 2015 (actual)
- Study completion
- Aug 2015 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Jan 2015 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 16 Dec 2016
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Urodynamics are performed in the evaluation of urinary incontinence in women considering surgery or who have failed conservative therapies. Urodynamic testing requires the placement of small catheters into the bladder and the vagina or rectum. Many women experience anxiety around the procedure which can affect patient satisfaction. Lavender aromatherapy has been associated with decreased anxiety in a variety of clinical situations. The purpose of this study is to determine a difference in self-reported anxiety and pain levels before, during, and after multichannel urodynamics in patients given lavender aromatherapy versus placebo. This study design is a randomized control trial. Women scheduled for urodynamic testing at the Los Angeles County University of Southern California (LAC+USC) Urogynecology clinic will be invited to participate. Participants will be randomized to the aromatherapy or the placebo group after informed consent is obtained and immediately before undergoing multichannel urodynamics. The participants will complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Survey (HADS) at baseline. They will be asked to rate their level of anxiety and pain before, during, and 15 min after the study using the visual analogue scale and Wong-Baker pain scale. At the end the participants will also be asked to rate their satisfaction with the visit overall. The primary endpoint is defined as anxiety immediately after catheters are placed. Data will be entered into a coded database for analysis using the independent samples t test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the chi square test. Intention to treat analysis will be used.
Detailed description
This study design is a randomized placebo control trial.
Aside from randomization to aromatherapy versus placebo, no procedures will be performed for study purposes that would not be normally performed in the clinical evaluation.
Women scheduled for urodynamic testing at the Los Angeles County University of Southern California (LAC+USC) Urogynecology clinic will be invited to participate. Participants who meet inclusion criteria will be randomized to the aromatherapy or the placebo group after informed consent is obtained and immediately before undergoing multichannel urodynamics. Sequentially numbered sealed opaque envelopes containing the identity of the study arm will be used for randomization. The urogynecology clinic nurse will prepare the aromatherapy versus distilled water on the paper towel that the patient is routinely given to hold over their mouths when asked to cough during the procedure; two drops of each will be utilized. Before the physician comes in, the nurse will ask the participant to take a deep breath while holding the towel 3 inches from her face and will instruct the participant to continue to take normal breaths subsequently. It will not be possible to blind the participants or the examiner to the assigned group since the lavender oil will have a different scent than the placebo. However, the use of distilled water on the towel will allow the possibility that the deep breathing accompanying the instruction may have an effect on reported pain and anxiety.
The participant will undergo the standard clinic exam in standardized order. The participants will complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Survey (HADS) at baseline. The HADS is reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxiety in the setting of a hospital medical outpatient clinic; it is available in English and Spanish versions. This will be used to establish their baseline anxiety levels. Participants will then be asked to rate their level of anxiety and pain immediately before beginning the exam, immediately after catheter placement, and 15 min after termination of the study using a 10 point visual analogue scale and the Wong-Baker pain scale.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (care provider)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control | Placebo comparator | Other: Distilled waterDistilled water |
| Lavender | Experimental | Other: Lavandula angustifolia essential oil (Aura Cacia)Lavandula angustifolia essential oil (Aura Cacia) |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Women aged 18 and over,
- Scheduled to undergo multichannel urodynamic study,
- Able to give informed consent,
- Able to read and write in English or Spanish,
- Anxiety score > 0 on numerical scale at baseline
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Any contraindication to multichannel urodynamic study (active urinary tract infection, active pelvic infection, glucosuria, severe hypertension, or any other condition that might be worsened by an uncomfortable test),
- Allergy to lavender oil, or any of its components
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Lavandula angustifolia essential oil (Aura Cacia)The participants will be instructed to take a deep breath while holding the towel with two drops of essential oil 3 inches from her face before the start of the procedure and will be instructed to continue to take normal breaths subsequently during the procedure. | Other | Lavender |
| Distilled waterThe participants will be instructed to take a deep breath while holding the towel with two drops of distilled water 3 inches from her face before the start of the procedure and will be instructed to continue to take normal breaths subsequently during the procedure. | Other | Control |
Primary outcome
Anxiety Measured by VAS
Time frame: At the time of catheter placement
Anxiety was measured using a visual analogue scale, from 0-10 cm. All measurements were rounded to the nearest 0.5 cm. Higher values indicate more anxiety.
3 secondary outcomes
Wong Baker Pain Scale
Time frame: At the time of catheter placement
Anxiety Measured by VAS
Time frame: 15 min after removal of the urodynamics catheters
Wong Baker Pain Scale
Time frame: 15 min after removal of the urodynamics catheters
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Dec 2016.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 24707312Stea S, Beraudi A, De Pasquale D. Essential oils for complementary treatment of surgical patients: state of the art. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:726341. doi: 10.1155/2014/726341. Epub 2014 Feb 24.
- Background: PubMed 24280994Yeung JY, Eschenbacher MA, Pauls RN. Pain and embarrassment associated with urodynamic testing in women. Int Urogynecol J. 2014 May;25(5):645-50. doi: 10.1007/s00192-013-2261-1. Epub 2013 Nov 27.
- Background: PubMed 15992874Yokoyama T, Nozaki K, Nose H, Inoue M, Nishiyama Y, Kumon H. Tolerability and morbidity of urodynamic testing: a questionnaire-based study. Urology. 2005 Jul;66(1):74-6. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2005.01.027.
- Background: PubMed 15126810Ku JH, Kim SW, Kim HH, Paick JS, Son H, Oh SJ. Patient experience with a urodynamic study: a prospective study in 208 patients. J Urol. 2004 Jun;171(6 Pt 1):2307-10. doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000125144.82338.0c.
- Background: PubMed 23932834Soltani R, Soheilipour S, Hajhashemi V, Asghari G, Bagheri M, Molavi M. Evaluation of the effect of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on post-tonsillectomy pain in pediatric patients: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Sep;77(9):1579-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.07.014. Epub 2013 Aug 8.
- Background: PubMed 17273013Muzzarelli L, Force M, Sebold M. Aromatherapy and reducing preprocedural anxiety: A controlled prospective study. Gastroenterol Nurs. 2006 Nov-Dec;29(6):466-71. doi: 10.1097/00001610-200611000-00005.
- Background: PubMed 21649812Grunebaum LD, Murdock J, Castanedo-Tardan MP, Baumann LS. Effects of lavender olfactory input on cosmetic procedures. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2011 Jun;10(2):89-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1473-2165.2011.00554.x.
- Background: PubMed 19962101Braden R, Reichow S, Halm MA. The use of the essential oil lavandin to reduce preoperative anxiety in surgical patients. J Perianesth Nurs. 2009 Dec;24(6):348-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2009.10.002.
- Background: PubMed 23449862Fayazi S, Babashahi M, Rezaei M. The effect of inhalation aromatherapy on anxiety level of the patients in preoperative period. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2011 Fall;16(4):278-83.
- Background: PubMed 24223363Olapour A, Behaeen K, Akhondzadeh R, Soltani F, Al Sadat Razavi F, Bekhradi R. The Effect of Inhalation of Aromatherapy Blend containing Lavender Essential Oil on Cesarean Postoperative Pain. Anesth Pain Med. 2013 Summer;3(1):203-7. doi: 10.5812/aapm.9570. Epub 2013 Jul 1.
- Background: PubMed 6880820Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983 Jun;67(6):361-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 33626029Ozel BZ, Quevedo A, Jung C, Shirazi F, Dancz CE. Lavender Aromatherapy for Anxiety and Pain During Multichannel Urodynamics: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2021 Nov 1;27(11):654-658. doi: 10.1097/SPV.0000000000001032.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Begum Ozel, M.D. principal investigator
University of Southern California
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Lavandula angustifolia essential oil (Aura Cacia) and Distilled water in people with Anxiety and Pain, run by University of Southern California at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Dec 2016. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 16 Dec 2016). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Anxiety Measured by VAS (time frame: At the time of catheter placement). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02344745, which also lists 12 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Dec 2016; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 29 Oct 2026.