Arthrosis, Unspecified, Ankle and FootPhase 4PEUSBNCT02346110
Protracted Effect of the Ultrasound-guided Saphenous Block
A Phase 4 study testing Bupivacaine-adrenaline, Dexamethasone and Sodium chloride in people with Arthrosis, Unspecified, Ankle and Foot, run by University of Aarhus at 1 site in Denmark.
Trial summary
This study focuses on optimizing the postoperative pain treatment after major foot and ankle surgery by prolonging the duration of the ultrasound-guided saphenous block. The currently used single shot saphenous block only covers half of the pain intensive period from the saphenous territory, which results in a sharp… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Arthrosis, Unspecified, Ankle and Foot
- What is being tested?
- Bupivacaine-adrenaline, Dexamethasone and Sodium chloride
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 siteDenmark
- Study dates
- Apr 2015to Feb 2016
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Elective ankle or hind foot surgery either: (1) total ankle arthroplasty, (2) ankle arthrodesis or (3) subtalar arthrodesis
- Age ≥ 18
- American Society of Anaesthesiology Classification I-III
- Informed consent both orally and in writing after the patient has fully understood the protocol and its limitations.
Who cannot join
- Communication problems or dementia
- Allergies to any medical product used in the study
- Neuropathy of the sciatic or femoral nerve prior to the operation
- Morbus Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, diabetic neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease
- BMI > 35
- Pregnancy
Show all 9Show fewer
- Daily use of opioids
- Coagulation disorders
- Infection at the site of injection or systemic infection
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Denmark1 site
Department of Anesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital
Aarhus, Central Jutland, 8000
About this study
Official title: Comparison of the Effect of a Single Shot Saphenous Block With Plain Bupivacaine vs. Protracted Bupivacaine Mixture as a Supplement to Continuous Sciatic Catheter After Major Ankle and Foot Surgery
This study focuses on optimizing the postoperative pain treatment after major foot and ankle surgery by prolonging the duration of the ultrasound-guided saphenous block. The currently used single shot saphenous block only covers half of the pain intensive period from the saphenous territory, which results in a sharp, break-through pain requiring opioids. The hypothesis is that this protracted mixture will keep the patients free of pain without the use of opioids for the entire pain intensive period and thus increase rehabilitation and patients' satisfaction.
Read the detailed description
Half of the patients will receive a single shot saphenous block with 10 mL bupivacaine-adrenalin and 1 mL of sodium chloride solution, while the other half will receive 10 mL of bupivacaine-adrenalin and 1 mL of dexamethasone.
The block is strictly a sensory block because it is a selective, sub-sartorial saphenous block at mid-thigh level without any anesthetic effect on the femoral nerve.
The adjuvant dexamethasone has increasingly become a subject of interest regarding a protracted effect, which has been shown in several studies. However, the precise mechanism of action remains speculative, and the results are contradictory regarding the discussion whether the effect is systemic or local. The effect may stem from decreased nociceptive C-fibre activity via a direct action on glucocorticoid receptors and inhibitory potassium channels. Another suggestion is a vasoconstrictive effect, which reduces the systemic uptake of local anaesthetics or a systemic anti-inflammatory effect.
Prolonging the effect of the single shot saphenous block by adding dexamethasone will reduce the need for opioids, which will reduce the risk of adverse effects like nausea, vomiting and respiratory depression. Furthermore, newer studies show that inadequate pain alleviation in the early postoperative period is a risk factor in developing chronic persistent pain.
- Conditions
- Arthrosis, Unspecified, Ankle and Foot
- Being tested
- Bupivacaine-adrenaline, Dexamethasone, Sodium chloride
- Medical subject headings
- Osteoarthritis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Bupivacaine-adrenalineDrug
Also called Marcain-adrenalin
50 mg bupivacaine and 50 μg adrenalin
DexamethasoneDrug
Also called Dexagalen
4 mg
Sodium chlorideOther
Also called NaCL
1 mL of sodium chloride solution as placebo
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Bupivacaine-adrenalin + sodium chloride | Active comparator | Single shot saphenous block:
10 mL of 5 mg/mL bupivacaine with 5 μg/mL adrenalin = 50 mg bupivacain and 50 μg adrenalin
1 mL sodium chloride solution Receives: Drug: Bupivacaine-adrenaline; Other: Sodium chloride |
| Bupivacaine-adrenaline + Dexamethasone | Experimental | Single shot saphenous block:
10 mL of 5 mg/mL bupivacaine with 5 μg/mL adrenalin = 50 mg bupivacain and 50 μg adrenalin
1 mL of 4 mg/mL dexamethasone = 4 mg dexamethasone Receives: Drug: Bupivacaine-adrenaline; Drug: Dexamethasone |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Duration of the saphenous nerve block
The duration is registered as the time until the first dose of morphine is taken, and when the pain score is above 3 and located to the frontal or medial side of the ankle. Morphine is administered intravenously by a patient controlled pump (PCA - Patient Controlled Analgesia)
Measured: 48 hours
Secondary outcomes (4)
Cumulated opioid consumption
Registered by the PCA pump
Measured: 48 hours
Pain score
NRS (numeric rating scale)
Measured: Arrival at the Perioperative Section which will be within 30 minutes after surgery. Departure from the Perioperative Section which is expected to be on average 2 hours after surgery. 6, 12, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 hours after surgery
Pain localization
Lateral or medial side of the ankle
Measured: Arrival at the Perioperative Section which will be within 30 minutes after surgery. Departure from the Perioperative Section which is expected to be on average 2 hours after surgery. 6, 12, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 hours after surgery
Test of sensory block
The sensory block of the peroneal nerve is tested on the dorsal side of the toes and the tibial nerve on the plantar side of the toes.
The ankle and lower leg is covered in cast, and therefore the saphenous nerve is tested around the tibial tuberosity because this area is innervated by the infra-patellar nerve, which is a branch of the saphenous nerve
Measured: Arrival at the Perioperative Section which will be within 30 minutes after surgery. Departure from the Perioperative Section which is expected to be on average 2 hours after surgery. 6, 12, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 hours after surgery
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Jan 2015 (estimated)
- Study startApr 2015
- Primary completionDec 2015
- Study completionFeb 2016
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (30)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Arthrosis, Unspecified, Ankle and FootStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of AarhusThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Aarhus
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Thomas Fichtner Bendtsen, MD, phD, Principal investigator, Department of Anesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02346110
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- ProtokolSB1
- Other IDs
- 2014-004207-78, 2014
- Acronym
- PEUSB
- Status last verified
- Oct 2015
- First submitted
- 13 Jan 2015
- Last updated
- 12 Feb 2016
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Clendenen SR, Whalen JL. Saphenous nerve innervation of the medial ankle. Local Reg Anesth. 2013 Mar 6;6:13-6. doi: 10.2147/LRA.S42603. Print 2013.
PubMed 23630434Joshi GP, Ogunnaike BO. Consequences of inadequate postoperative pain relief and chronic persistent postoperative pain. Anesthesiol Clin North Am. 2005 Mar;23(1):21-36. doi: 10.1016/j.atc.2004.11.013.
PubMed 15763409Blumenthal S, Borgeat A, Neudorfer C, Bertolini R, Espinosa N, Aguirre J. Additional femoral catheter in combination with popliteal catheter for analgesia after major ankle surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2011 Mar;106(3):387-93. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeq365. Epub 2010 Dec 17.
PubMed 21169609Cepeda MS, Farrar JT, Baumgarten M, Boston R, Carr DB, Strom BL. Side effects of opioids during short-term administration: effect of age, gender, and race. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Aug;74(2):102-12. doi: 10.1016/S0009-9236(03)00152-8.
PubMed 12891220White PF, Issioui T, Skrivanek GD, Early JS, Wakefield C. The use of a continuous popliteal sciatic nerve block after surgery involving the foot and ankle: does it improve the quality of recovery? Anesth Analg. 2003 Nov;97(5):1303-1309. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000082242.84015.D4.
PubMed 14570643Richman JM, Liu SS, Courpas G, Wong R, Rowlingson AJ, McGready J, Cohen SR, Wu CL. Does continuous peripheral nerve block provide superior pain control to opioids? A meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2006 Jan;102(1):248-57. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000181289.09675.7D.
PubMed 16368838Ya Deau JT, Wukovits BU, LaSala VR, Jules-Elysee KM, Paroli L, Kahn RL, Levine DS, Lipnitsky JY. Similar analgesic effect after popliteal fossa nerve blockade with 0.375% and 0.75% bupivacaine. HSS J. 2007 Sep;3(2):173-6. doi: 10.1007/s11420-007-9052-5.
PubMed 18751790Borgeat A, Blumenthal S, Lambert M, Theodorou P, Vienne P. The feasibility and complications of the continuous popliteal nerve block: a 1001-case survey. Anesth Analg. 2006 Jul;103(1):229-33, table of contents. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000221462.87951.8d.
PubMed 16790658Jaeger P, Zaric D, Fomsgaard JS, Hilsted KL, Bjerregaard J, Gyrn J, Mathiesen O, Larsen TK, Dahl JB. Adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2013 Nov-Dec;38(6):526-32. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000015.
PubMed 24121608Kwofie MK, Shastri UD, Gadsden JC, Sinha SK, Abrams JH, Xu D, Salviz EA. The effects of ultrasound-guided adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block on quadriceps strength and fall risk: a blinded, randomized trial of volunteers. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2013 Jul-Aug;38(4):321-5. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e318295df80.
PubMed 23788068Jaeger P, Nielsen ZJ, Henningsen MH, Hilsted KL, Mathiesen O, Dahl JB. Adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block and quadriceps strength: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology. 2013 Feb;118(2):409-15. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318279fa0b.
PubMed 23241723Bendtsen TF, Moriggl B, Chan V, Pedersen EM, Borglum J. Defining adductor canal block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2014 May-Jun;39(3):253-4. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000052. No abstract available.
PubMed 24747312Chen J, Lesser J, Hadzic A, Resta-Flarer F. The importance of the proximal saphenous nerve block for foot and ankle surgery. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2013 Jul-Aug;38(4):372. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e318295596a. No abstract available.
PubMed 23788076Forster JG, Rosenberg PH. Clinically useful adjuvants in regional anaesthesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2003 Oct;16(5):477-86. doi: 10.1097/00001503-200310000-00007.
PubMed 17021500Choi S, Rodseth R, McCartney CJ. Effects of dexamethasone as a local anaesthetic adjuvant for brachial plexus block: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Br J Anaesth. 2014 Mar;112(3):427-39. doi: 10.1093/bja/aet417. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
PubMed 24413428
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Feb 2016. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of the Effect of a Single Shot Saphenous Block With Plain Bupivacaine vs. Protracted Bupivacaine Mixture as a Supplement to Continuous Sciatic Catheter After Major Ankle and Foot Surgery
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02346110
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PEUSB / ProtokolSB1
- Conditions
- Arthrosis, Unspecified, Ankle and Foot
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of AarhusUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Apr 2015
- Primary completion
- Dec 2015 (actual)
- Study completion
- Feb 2016 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Jan 2015 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study focuses on optimizing the postoperative pain treatment after major foot and ankle surgery by prolonging the duration of the ultrasound-guided saphenous block. The currently used single shot saphenous block only covers half of the pain intensive period from the saphenous territory, which results in a sharp, break-through pain requiring opioids. The hypothesis is that this protracted mixture will keep the patients free of pain without the use of opioids for the entire pain intensive period and thus increase rehabilitation and patients' satisfaction.
Detailed description
Half of the patients will receive a single shot saphenous block with 10 mL bupivacaine-adrenalin and 1 mL of sodium chloride solution, while the other half will receive 10 mL of bupivacaine-adrenalin and 1 mL of dexamethasone.
The block is strictly a sensory block because it is a selective, sub-sartorial saphenous block at mid-thigh level without any anesthetic effect on the femoral nerve.
The adjuvant dexamethasone has increasingly become a subject of interest regarding a protracted effect, which has been shown in several studies. However, the precise mechanism of action remains speculative, and the results are contradictory regarding the discussion whether the effect is systemic or local. The effect may stem from decreased nociceptive C-fibre activity via a direct action on glucocorticoid receptors and inhibitory potassium channels. Another suggestion is a vasoconstrictive effect, which reduces the systemic uptake of local anaesthetics or a systemic anti-inflammatory effect.
Prolonging the effect of the single shot saphenous block by adding dexamethasone will reduce the need for opioids, which will reduce the risk of adverse effects like nausea, vomiting and respiratory depression. Furthermore, newer studies show that inadequate pain alleviation in the early postoperative period is a risk factor in developing chronic persistent pain.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Bupivacaine-adrenalin + sodium chloride | Active comparator | Drug: Bupivacaine-adrenaline, Other: Sodium chlorideSingle shot saphenous block: 10 mL of 5 mg/mL bupivacaine with 5 μg/mL adrenalin = 50 mg bupivacain and 50 μg adrenalin 1 mL sodium chloride solution |
| Bupivacaine-adrenaline + Dexamethasone | Experimental | Drug: Bupivacaine-adrenaline, Drug: DexamethasoneSingle shot saphenous block: 10 mL of 5 mg/mL bupivacaine with 5 μg/mL adrenalin = 50 mg bupivacain and 50 μg adrenalin 1 mL of 4 mg/mL dexamethasone = 4 mg dexamethasone |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Elective ankle or hind foot surgery either: (1) total ankle arthroplasty, (2) ankle arthrodesis or (3) subtalar arthrodesis
- Age ≥ 18
- American Society of Anaesthesiology Classification I-III
- Informed consent both orally and in writing after the patient has fully understood the protocol and its limitations.
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Communication problems or dementia
- Allergies to any medical product used in the study
- Neuropathy of the sciatic or femoral nerve prior to the operation
- Morbus Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, diabetic neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease
- BMI > 35
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Bupivacaine-adrenalineAlso: Marcain-adrenalin50 mg bupivacaine and 50 μg adrenalin | Drug | Bupivacaine-adrenalin + sodium chloride, Bupivacaine-adrenaline + Dexamethasone |
| DexamethasoneAlso: Dexagalen4 mg | Drug | Bupivacaine-adrenaline + Dexamethasone |
| Sodium chlorideAlso: NaCL1 mL of sodium chloride solution as placebo | Other | Bupivacaine-adrenalin + sodium chloride |
Primary outcome
Duration of the saphenous nerve block
Time frame: 48 hours
The duration is registered as the time until the first dose of morphine is taken, and when the pain score is above 3 and located to the frontal or medial side of the ankle. Morphine is administered intravenously by a patient controlled pump (PCA - Patient Controlled Analgesia)
4 secondary outcomes
Cumulated opioid consumption
Time frame: 48 hours
Pain score
Time frame: Arrival at the Perioperative Section which will be within 30 minutes after surgery. Departure from the Perioperative Section which is expected to be on average 2 hours after surgery. 6, 12, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 hours after surgery
Pain localization
Time frame: Arrival at the Perioperative Section which will be within 30 minutes after surgery. Departure from the Perioperative Section which is expected to be on average 2 hours after surgery. 6, 12, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 hours after surgery
Test of sensory block
Time frame: Arrival at the Perioperative Section which will be within 30 minutes after surgery. Departure from the Perioperative Section which is expected to be on average 2 hours after surgery. 6, 12, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 hours after surgery
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Feb 2016.
- Background: PubMed 23630434Clendenen SR, Whalen JL. Saphenous nerve innervation of the medial ankle. Local Reg Anesth. 2013 Mar 6;6:13-6. doi: 10.2147/LRA.S42603. Print 2013.
- Background: PubMed 15763409Joshi GP, Ogunnaike BO. Consequences of inadequate postoperative pain relief and chronic persistent postoperative pain. Anesthesiol Clin North Am. 2005 Mar;23(1):21-36. doi: 10.1016/j.atc.2004.11.013.
- Background: PubMed 21169609Blumenthal S, Borgeat A, Neudorfer C, Bertolini R, Espinosa N, Aguirre J. Additional femoral catheter in combination with popliteal catheter for analgesia after major ankle surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2011 Mar;106(3):387-93. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeq365. Epub 2010 Dec 17.
- Background: PubMed 12891220Cepeda MS, Farrar JT, Baumgarten M, Boston R, Carr DB, Strom BL. Side effects of opioids during short-term administration: effect of age, gender, and race. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Aug;74(2):102-12. doi: 10.1016/S0009-9236(03)00152-8.
- Background: PubMed 14570643White PF, Issioui T, Skrivanek GD, Early JS, Wakefield C. The use of a continuous popliteal sciatic nerve block after surgery involving the foot and ankle: does it improve the quality of recovery? Anesth Analg. 2003 Nov;97(5):1303-1309. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000082242.84015.D4.
- Background: PubMed 16368838Richman JM, Liu SS, Courpas G, Wong R, Rowlingson AJ, McGready J, Cohen SR, Wu CL. Does continuous peripheral nerve block provide superior pain control to opioids? A meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2006 Jan;102(1):248-57. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000181289.09675.7D.
- Background: PubMed 18751790Ya Deau JT, Wukovits BU, LaSala VR, Jules-Elysee KM, Paroli L, Kahn RL, Levine DS, Lipnitsky JY. Similar analgesic effect after popliteal fossa nerve blockade with 0.375% and 0.75% bupivacaine. HSS J. 2007 Sep;3(2):173-6. doi: 10.1007/s11420-007-9052-5.
- Background: PubMed 16790658Borgeat A, Blumenthal S, Lambert M, Theodorou P, Vienne P. The feasibility and complications of the continuous popliteal nerve block: a 1001-case survey. Anesth Analg. 2006 Jul;103(1):229-33, table of contents. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000221462.87951.8d.
- Background: PubMed 24121608Jaeger P, Zaric D, Fomsgaard JS, Hilsted KL, Bjerregaard J, Gyrn J, Mathiesen O, Larsen TK, Dahl JB. Adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2013 Nov-Dec;38(6):526-32. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000015.
- Background: PubMed 23788068Kwofie MK, Shastri UD, Gadsden JC, Sinha SK, Abrams JH, Xu D, Salviz EA. The effects of ultrasound-guided adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block on quadriceps strength and fall risk: a blinded, randomized trial of volunteers. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2013 Jul-Aug;38(4):321-5. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e318295df80.
- Background: PubMed 23241723Jaeger P, Nielsen ZJ, Henningsen MH, Hilsted KL, Mathiesen O, Dahl JB. Adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block and quadriceps strength: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology. 2013 Feb;118(2):409-15. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318279fa0b.
- Background: PubMed 24747312Bendtsen TF, Moriggl B, Chan V, Pedersen EM, Borglum J. Defining adductor canal block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2014 May-Jun;39(3):253-4. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000052. No abstract available.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Thomas Fichtner Bendtsen, MD, phD principal investigator
Department of Anesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing Bupivacaine-adrenaline, Dexamethasone and Sodium chloride in people with Arthrosis, Unspecified, Ankle and Foot, run by University of Aarhus at 1 site in Denmark.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Feb 2016. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Denmark. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Duration of the saphenous nerve block (time frame: 48 hours). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02346110, which also lists 30 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Feb 2016.