Skin OxygenationPhase 2OHSNCT02394366

Topical Salve for Skin Oxygenation and Blood Flow

A Phase 2 study testing Original Healing Salve (OHS) and OHS base only in people with Skin Oxygenation and Peripheral Perfusion, run by National University of Natural Medicine.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record

Search all trials

Trial summary

Who is it for?: Ages 18 to 75 years
Conditions the study is for: Skin Oxygenation, Peripheral Perfusion
What is being tested?: Original Healing Salve (OHS) and OHS base only
Could I receive a placebo?: Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
How many people: 16 participants
Where: No sites listed yet
Study dates: Mar 2015to Oct 2015
Phase: Phase 2
Are there results?: None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 18 to 75 years
All sexes
No healthy volunteers
Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

Have type 2 diabetes without known complications, i.e., eye damage (retinopathy), nerve damage (diabetic peripheral neuropathy), kidney damage (diabetic kidney disease), or heart damage (recent myocardial infarction or severe congestive heart failure)
Age ≥ 18 and ≤ 75
Willing and able to give informed consent
Able to follow protocol and attend visits
Able to read and write English

Who cannot join

Active malignancy, excluding basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and/or carcinoma in situ of the cervix. If present, dermal cancers may not be located on or around the testing sites.
A recent cardiovascular event (e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke ≤ six months prior to screening visit), current coronary artery disease, angina, stage III or IV congestive heart failure, or stated history of coronary bypass surgery or heart stent placement.
Current active diabetic ulcers.
History of diabetic neuropathy.
Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes for longer than 10 years.
Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.

Show all 21Show fewer

Established diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD) or intermittent claudication.
Established diagnosis of peripheral venous disease (PVD) or chronic venous insufficiency.
Active rash, wound, or ulcer on lower leg, including psoriasis or eczema.
Presence of edema > +1; pitting or non pitting.
Currently taking any of the following beta-blocker medications (due to potential impact on peripheral vasodilation): acebutolol (Sectral®), atenolol (Tenormin®), betaxolol (Kerlone®), bisoprolol fumarate (Zebeta®, Ziac®), carvedilol (Coreg®),metoprolol (Lopressor®, Toprol XL®), nadolol (Corgard®), nebivolol (Bystolic®), penbutolol (Levatol®), propranolol (Hemangeol®, Inderal LA® Inderal XL®, InnoPran XL®), esmolol (Brevibloc), sotalol (Betapace, Sorine), labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate), pindolol (Visken).
Currently taking any of the following cholinergic medications (due to potential impact on peripheral vasodilation): acetylcholine, atropine, bethanechol (Urecholine®), donepezil (Aricept®), ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®), neostigmine (Prostigmine®), nicotine (Nicoderm®, Nicotrol®), oxybutynin (Ditropan®), physostigmine, pilocarpine (Salagen®), pralidoxime (Protopam®), succinylcholine (Anectine®), tiotropium bromide (Spiriva®, Tiova®), tolterodine (Detrol®), vecuronium (Norcuron®).
Allergy to any ingredient found in the study products: pine resin, balsam fir resin, elder (Sambucus) flower and bark, marigold (Calendula), cone flower (Echinacea), olive oil, safflower oil or beeswax.
Walking Impairment Questionnaire Speed Scores between 0-18 due to risk for PAD (21).
Walking Impairment Questionnaire Distance Scores between 0-19 due to risk for PAD (21).
Presence of an unstable and/or significant medical disorder that would compromise the participant's safety to take part in the trial.
Use of tobacco products, e-cigarettes, nicotine patches and/or nicotine gum
Scleroderma
Raynaud's
Planned elective surgery within the next 6 weeks
Pregnant, nursing, or planning a pregnancy within the next 6 weeks

About this study

Official title: Effects of Topical Herbal Salve on Cutaneous Oxygenation and Peripheral Blood Flow

Delayed wound healing leads to increased risk for infection, and thus increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Skin oxygen delivery and peripheral blood flow predict wound healing. The investigators will conduct a double-masked, placebo-controlled cross-over clinical pilot trial in order to evaluate the effects of a topical, homeopathic/herbal salve (Original Healing Salve, Puremedy, Inc.) on skin oxygenation and peripheral blood flow.

Read the detailed description

Delayed wound healing leads to increased risk for infection, and thus increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Skin oxygen delivery and peripheral blood flow predict wound healing. In order to evaluate the effects of a topical, homeopathic/herbal salve (Original Healing Salve, Puremedy, Inc.) on skin oxygenation and peripheral blood flow, the investigators will conduct a double-masked, placebo-controlled cross-over clinical pilot trial with randomized testing order to evaluate the effects of the salve on cutaneous oxygen saturation (TcPO2) and ankle-to-brachial pressure index (ABPI). The investigators will recruit thirty-two participants in two cohorts to participate, one with and one without type 2 diabetes, who are otherwise generally healthy without active wounds, ulcers or skin rashes. Both TcPO2 and ABPI will be measured before and after the application of both the homeopathic/herbal salve ("active"), and before and after the application of the inert salve base ("placebo"). Analyses will compare pre/post changes in TcPO2 and ABPI before and after application of the active salve within the same visit, and also compare the changes from the active salve to the before and after changes in TcPO2 and ABPI measured from the placebo salve. If the Original Healing Salve improves cutaneous oxygenation and/or ABPI, future research may evaluate the formula specifically for wound healing and antimicrobial effects. Thus the proposed research is a pilot study targeting mechanistic outcomes, which predict potential clinical efficacy. The proposed research is significant, as lower cost, more effective treatments are needed to improve wound healing and reduce the morbidity associated with the complications of delayed wound healing.

Conditions: Skin Oxygenation, Peripheral Perfusion
Being tested: Original Healing Salve (OHS), OHS base only
Keywords: Skin oxygenation, peripheral perfusion

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Original Healing Salve (OHS)Other
Topical salve (Puremedy, Inc.)
OHS base onlyOther
Olive and beeswax salve base

Study groups in NCT02394366
Study group	Role	What they receive
Active	Experimental	Original Healing Salve (Puremedy, Inc.) including 1x homeopathic dilutions of Calendula, Echinacea, and Sambucus extracts, plus extracts from pine and Balsam fir; acute effects only Receives: Other: Original Healing Salve (OHS)
Control	Placebo comparator	Original Health Salve olive oil and beeswax base only without homeopathic or herbal extracts; acute effects only Receives: Other: OHS base only

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

Transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2)
Change in TcPO2 will be compared between 0 min and 30 mins between Active and Placebo arms
Measured: 30 minutes

Secondary outcomes (1)

Ankle-to-Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI)
Change in ABPI will be compared between 0 min and 30 mins between Active and Placebo arms
Measured: 30 minutes

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

Mar 2015Oct 2015

First posted20 Mar 2015 (estimated)
Study startMar 2015
Primary completionOct 2015
Study completionOct 2015

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Publications (20)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
Other trials for Skin OxygenationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 2
Primary purpose: Supportive care
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Crossover
Masking: Double blind
Who is masked: Investigator, Outcomes assessor
Enrolment: 16 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02394366
Sponsor's protocol ID: 01202015
Acronym: OHS
Status last verified: Nov 2018
First submitted: 13 Mar 2015
Last updated: 8 Nov 2018
Results posted: No
Data monitoring committee: No

Publications

Browne AC, Sibbald RG. The diabetic neuropathic ulcer: an overview. Ostomy Wound Manage. 1999 Jan;45(1A Suppl):6S-20S; quiz 21S-22S.
PubMed 10085972
Cina C, Katsamouris A, Megerman J, Brewster DC, Strayhorn EC, Robison JG, Abbott WM. Utility of transcutaneous oxygen tension measurements in peripheral arterial occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg. 1984 Mar;1(2):362-71. doi: 10.1067/mva.1984.avs0010362.
PubMed 6481885
Blake DF, Young DA, Brown LH. Transcutaneous oximetry: normal values for the lower limb. Diving Hyperb Med. 2014 Sep;44(3):146-53.
PubMed 25311321
Andrews KL, Dib MY, Shives TC, Hoskin TL, Liedl DA, Boon AJ. Noninvasive arterial studies including transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurements with the limbs elevated or dependent to predict healing after partial foot amputation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2013 May;92(5):385-92. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3182876a06.
PubMed 23478457
Reddy KK, Grossman L, Rogers GS. Common complementary and alternative therapies with potential use in dermatologic surgery: risks and benefits. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013 Apr;68(4):e127-e135. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.06.030. Epub 2011 Sep 3.
PubMed 21890235
Umscheid CA, Mitchell MD, Doshi JA, Agarwal R, Williams K, Brennan PJ. Estimating the proportion of healthcare-associated infections that are reasonably preventable and the related mortality and costs. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2011 Feb;32(2):101-14. doi: 10.1086/657912.
PubMed 21460463
Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Vinciguerra G, Ricci A, Ippolito E, Fano F, Dugall M, Cacchio M, Di Renzo A, Hosoi M, Stuard S, Corsi M. Improvement of signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency and microangiopathy with Pycnogenol: a prospective, controlled study. Phytomedicine. 2010 Sep;17(11):835-9. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.04.009. Epub 2010 Jun 25.
PubMed 20579863
Fife CE, Smart DR, Sheffield PJ, Hopf HW, Hawkins G, Clarke D. Transcutaneous oximetry in clinical practice: consensus statements from an expert panel based on evidence. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2009 Jan-Feb;36(1):43-53.
PubMed 19341127
Aboyans V, Ho E, Denenberg JO, Ho LA, Natarajan L, Criqui MH. The association between elevated ankle systolic pressures and peripheral occlusive arterial disease in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. J Vasc Surg. 2008 Nov;48(5):1197-203. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2008.06.005. Epub 2008 Aug 9.
PubMed 18692981
Mathieu D, Mani R. A review of the clinical significance of tissue hypoxia measurements in lower extremity wound management. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2007 Dec;6(4):273-83. doi: 10.1177/1534734607310299.
PubMed 18048873
Humphreys ML, Stewart AH, Gohel MS, Taylor M, Whyman MR, Poskitt KR. Management of mixed arterial and venous leg ulcers. Br J Surg. 2007 Sep;94(9):1104-7. doi: 10.1002/bjs.5757.
PubMed 17497654
Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Errichi BM, Ledda A, Di Renzo A, Stuard S, Dugall M, Pellegrini L, Gizzi G, Rohdewald P, Ippolito E, Ricci A, Cacchio M, Cipollone G, Ruffini I, Fano F, Hosoi M. Diabetic ulcers: microcirculatory improvement and faster healing with pycnogenol. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2006 Jul;12(3):318-23. doi: 10.1177/1076029606290133.
PubMed 16959685
Duran V, Matic M, Jovanovc M, Mimica N, Gajinov Z, Poljacki M, Boza P. Results of the clinical examination of an ointment with marigold (Calendula officinalis) extract in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. Int J Tissue React. 2005;27(3):101-6.
PubMed 16372475
Khmel'nitskii OK, Simbirtsev AS, Konusova VG, McHedlidze GSh, Fidarov EZ, Paramonov BA, Chebotarev VY. Pine resin and Biopin ointment: effects on cell composition and histochemical changes in wounds. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002 Jun;133(6):583-5. doi: 10.1023/a:1020290010605.
PubMed 12447472
McDermott MM, Liu K, Guralnik JM, Martin GJ, Criqui MH, Greenland P. Measurement of walking endurance and walking velocity with questionnaire: validation of the walking impairment questionnaire in men and women with peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg. 1998 Dec;28(6):1072-81. doi: 10.1016/s0741-5214(98)70034-5.
PubMed 9845659

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

Official record

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All Skin Oxygenation trials

Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Nov 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: Effects of Topical Herbal Salve on Cutaneous Oxygenation and Peripheral Blood Flow
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02394366
Acronym / sponsor ID: OHS / 01202015
Conditions: Skin Oxygenation, Peripheral Perfusion
Keywords: Skin oxygenation, peripheral perfusion
Phase: Phase 2
Study type: Interventional
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 16 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: National University of Natural MedicineUniversity, hospital or other
Study start: Mar 2015
Primary completion: Oct 2015 (actual)
Study completion: Oct 2015 (actual)
First posted: 20 Mar 2015 (estimated)
Results: Not posted in the source record

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

Delayed wound healing leads to increased risk for infection, and thus increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Skin oxygen delivery and peripheral blood flow predict wound healing. The investigators will conduct a double-masked, placebo-controlled cross-over clinical pilot trial in order to evaluate the effects of a topical, homeopathic/herbal salve (Original Healing Salve, Puremedy, Inc.) on skin oxygenation and peripheral blood flow.

Detailed description

Delayed wound healing leads to increased risk for infection, and thus increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Skin oxygen delivery and peripheral blood flow predict wound healing. In order to evaluate the effects of a topical, homeopathic/herbal salve (Original Healing Salve, Puremedy, Inc.) on skin oxygenation and peripheral blood flow, the investigators will conduct a double-masked, placebo-controlled cross-over clinical pilot trial with randomized testing order to evaluate the effects of the salve on cutaneous oxygen saturation (TcPO2) and ankle-to-brachial pressure index (ABPI). The investigators will recruit thirty-two participants in two cohorts to participate, one with and one without type 2 diabetes, who are otherwise generally healthy without active wounds, ulcers or skin rashes. Both TcPO2 and ABPI will be measured before and after the application of both the homeopathic/herbal salve ("active"), and before and after the application of the inert salve base ("placebo"). Analyses will compare pre/post changes in TcPO2 and ABPI before and after application of the active salve within the same visit, and also compare the changes from the active salve to the before and after changes in TcPO2 and ABPI measured from the placebo salve. If the Original Healing Salve improves cutaneous oxygenation and/or ABPI, future research may evaluate the formula specifically for wound healing and antimicrobial effects. Thus the proposed research is a pilot study targeting mechanistic outcomes, which predict potential clinical efficacy. The proposed research is significant, as lower cost, more effective treatments are needed to improve wound healing and reduce the morbidity associated with the complications of delayed wound healing.

Study design

Primary purpose: Supportive care
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Crossover
Masking: Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
Number of arms: 2

Arm	Type	Receives
Active	Experimental	Other: Original Healing Salve (OHS)Original Healing Salve (Puremedy, Inc.) including 1x homeopathic dilutions of Calendula, Echinacea, and Sambucus extracts, plus extracts from pine and Balsam fir; acute effects only
Control	Placebo comparator	Other: OHS base onlyOriginal Health Salve olive oil and beeswax base only without homeopathic or herbal extracts; acute effects only

Who may qualify

Ages: 18 to 75 years
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Not accepted
Age groups: Adult, Older adult

Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)

Have type 2 diabetes without known complications, i.e., eye damage (retinopathy), nerve damage (diabetic peripheral neuropathy), kidney damage (diabetic kidney disease), or heart damage (recent myocardial infarction or severe congestive heart failure)
Age ≥ 18 and ≤ 75
Willing and able to give informed consent
Able to follow protocol and attend visits
Able to read and write English

Key exclusion criteria (21 listed)

Active malignancy, excluding basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and/or carcinoma in situ of the cervix. If present, dermal cancers may not be located on or around the testing sites.
A recent cardiovascular event (e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke ≤ six months prior to screening visit), current coronary artery disease, angina, stage III or IV congestive heart failure, or stated history of coronary bypass surgery or heart stent placement.
Current active diabetic ulcers.
History of diabetic neuropathy.
Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes for longer than 10 years.

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
Original Healing Salve (OHS)Topical salve (Puremedy, Inc.)	Other	Active
OHS base onlyOlive and beeswax salve base	Other	Control

Primary outcome

Transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2)
Time frame: 30 minutes
Change in TcPO2 will be compared between 0 min and 30 mins between Active and Placebo arms

1 secondary outcome

Ankle-to-Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI)
Time frame: 30 minutes

Results and safety

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Nov 2018.
Background: PubMed 10085972Browne AC, Sibbald RG. The diabetic neuropathic ulcer: an overview. Ostomy Wound Manage. 1999 Jan;45(1A Suppl):6S-20S; quiz 21S-22S.
Background: PubMed 6481885Cina C, Katsamouris A, Megerman J, Brewster DC, Strayhorn EC, Robison JG, Abbott WM. Utility of transcutaneous oxygen tension measurements in peripheral arterial occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg. 1984 Mar;1(2):362-71. doi: 10.1067/mva.1984.avs0010362.
Background: PubMed 25311321Blake DF, Young DA, Brown LH. Transcutaneous oximetry: normal values for the lower limb. Diving Hyperb Med. 2014 Sep;44(3):146-53.
Background: PubMed 23478457Andrews KL, Dib MY, Shives TC, Hoskin TL, Liedl DA, Boon AJ. Noninvasive arterial studies including transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurements with the limbs elevated or dependent to predict healing after partial foot amputation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2013 May;92(5):385-92. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3182876a06.
Background: PubMed 21890235Reddy KK, Grossman L, Rogers GS. Common complementary and alternative therapies with potential use in dermatologic surgery: risks and benefits. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013 Apr;68(4):e127-e135. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.06.030. Epub 2011 Sep 3.
Background: PubMed 21460463Umscheid CA, Mitchell MD, Doshi JA, Agarwal R, Williams K, Brennan PJ. Estimating the proportion of healthcare-associated infections that are reasonably preventable and the related mortality and costs. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2011 Feb;32(2):101-14. doi: 10.1086/657912.
Background: PubMed 20579863Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Vinciguerra G, Ricci A, Ippolito E, Fano F, Dugall M, Cacchio M, Di Renzo A, Hosoi M, Stuard S, Corsi M. Improvement of signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency and microangiopathy with Pycnogenol: a prospective, controlled study. Phytomedicine. 2010 Sep;17(11):835-9. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.04.009. Epub 2010 Jun 25.
Background: PubMed 19341127Fife CE, Smart DR, Sheffield PJ, Hopf HW, Hawkins G, Clarke D. Transcutaneous oximetry in clinical practice: consensus statements from an expert panel based on evidence. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2009 Jan-Feb;36(1):43-53.
Background: PubMed 18692981Aboyans V, Ho E, Denenberg JO, Ho LA, Natarajan L, Criqui MH. The association between elevated ankle systolic pressures and peripheral occlusive arterial disease in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. J Vasc Surg. 2008 Nov;48(5):1197-203. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2008.06.005. Epub 2008 Aug 9.
Background: PubMed 18048873Mathieu D, Mani R. A review of the clinical significance of tissue hypoxia measurements in lower extremity wound management. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2007 Dec;6(4):273-83. doi: 10.1177/1534734607310299.
Background: PubMed 17497654Humphreys ML, Stewart AH, Gohel MS, Taylor M, Whyman MR, Poskitt KR. Management of mixed arterial and venous leg ulcers. Br J Surg. 2007 Sep;94(9):1104-7. doi: 10.1002/bjs.5757.
Background: PubMed 16959685Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Errichi BM, Ledda A, Di Renzo A, Stuard S, Dugall M, Pellegrini L, Gizzi G, Rohdewald P, Ippolito E, Ricci A, Cacchio M, Cipollone G, Ruffini I, Fano F, Hosoi M. Diabetic ulcers: microcirculatory improvement and faster healing with pycnogenol. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2006 Jul;12(3):318-23. doi: 10.1177/1076029606290133.

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Not yet recruiting
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Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 2 study testing Original Healing Salve (OHS) and OHS base only in people with Skin Oxygenation and Peripheral Perfusion, run by National University of Natural Medicine.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 21 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Nov 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) (time frame: 30 minutes). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02394366, which also lists 20 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Nov 2018.