Heart Defects, CongenitalNCT02462434
Impact of Early Intervention on Maternal Stress in Mothers of Fetuses Diagnosed With Single Ventricle Physiology
A study testing Early palliative care team consultation in people with Heart Defects, Congenital and Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, run by University of Michigan at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study evaluates maternal psychological distress and the impact of early palliative care team consultation on maternal anxiety and depression symptoms, coping, and quality of life/family functioning in the care of neonates born with single ventricle physiology. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Heart Defects, Congenital, Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Single Ventricle Defect
- What is being tested?
- Early palliative care team consultation
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Apr 2013to 15 Nov 2016
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Mothers pregnant with fetuses with single ventricle physiology who are planned to undergo staged single ventricle palliative surgery with the first surgery occurring in the neonatal period.
Who cannot join
- Mothers with neonates born at a gestational age of less than 32 weeks requiring admission and management in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
- Mothers with neonates diagnosed with major non-cardiac congenital anomalies requiring additional surgical management beyond cardiac surgery in the neonatal period.
- Non-English-speaking mothers who are unable to adequately comprehend and respond to survey questions administered as part of this study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital
Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
About this study
Official title: Impact of Early Intervention on Maternal Stress in Mothers of Fetuses Diagnosed With Single Ventricle Physiology Requiring Neonatal Surgery
This study evaluates maternal psychological distress and the impact of early palliative care team consultation on maternal anxiety and depression symptoms, coping, and quality of life/family functioning in the care of neonates born with single ventricle physiology. Half of the participants will receive early palliative care team consultation, while the other half will receive usual care (no or late palliative care intervention). The investigators hypothesize maternal stress, anxiety, and depression will be lower in the palliative care intervention group compared with the control group, and maternal coping mechanisms and perceived quality of life and family functioning will improve at the pre-discharge assessment.
Read the detailed description
Mothers of children with congenital heart disease are at increased risk of psychological morbidity including stress, anxiety, and depression. In particular, mothers of patients with single ventricle physiology who require neonatal surgery, face a great deal of stress related to the risk of serious complications including neonatal death. Previous studies have suggested that providing emotional psychosocial support may modify the development of significant psychosocial problems in parents of children with congenital heart disease. The pediatric palliative care team specializes in multiple elements of psychological and spiritual care for families of such children.
The purpose of this pilot study is to evaluate maternal psychological distress and to examine the potential impact of early palliative care team consultation on maternal anxiety and depression symptoms, coping, and quality of life/family functioning in the care of neonates born with single ventricle physiology. Mothers will complete four questionnaires measuring anxiety, depression, and quality of life/family functioning at a prenatal follow up visit and again prior to neonatal surgical hospital stay discharge (or at 30 days). Infants will be randomly assigned (by date of birth) to receive early palliative care team consultation or usual care (no or late palliative care intervention).
The investigators hypothesize maternal stress, anxiety, and depression will be lower in the palliative care intervention group compared with the control group, and maternal coping mechanisms and perceived quality of life and family functioning will improve at the pre-discharge assessment.
- Conditions
- Heart Defects, Congenital, Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Single Ventricle Defect, Stress, Psychological
- Being tested
- Early palliative care team consultation
- Keywords
- Pediatric palliative care
- Medical subject headings
- Heart Defects, Congenital, Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Univentricular Heart, Stress, Psychological
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Early palliative care team consultationBehavioural
The palliative care team will evaluate the patient and family with the following core palliative care goals in mind: evaluating maternal understanding of their child's diagnosis and eliciting maternal concerns regarding their child's physical symptoms, identifying maternal social support systems and additional life stressors, identifying maternal expectations and hopes for their child's medical care, and assessing maternal fears surrounding their child's diagnosis and medical treatments. Palliative care team support and resources will then be provided in areas of necessity identified for the family. Palliative care team follow up will then be determined based on the level of need identified for each individual study participant.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Early palliative care team consultation | Experimental | Early pediatric palliative care team consultation for single ventricle patients will occur in this group following birth but prior to the first stage palliative surgery. Receives: Behavioral: Early palliative care team consultation |
| Usual care | No intervention | Usual care for single ventricle patients will be provided with palliative care team consultation occurring at any point (if it is determined the child and family would benefit from palliative care consultation) during the child's neonatal hospital stay. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in maternal State-Trait Anxiety Index scores
Mothers will complete the State-Trait Anxiety Index to assess current anxiety symptoms and trait-like anxiety symptoms (with clinical cut-off scores defined when applicable) at a prenatal follow up visit and again prior to neonatal surgery discharge.
Measured: Up to 4 weeks
Change in maternal Beck Depression Index II scores
Mothers will complete the Beck Depression Index II to assess severity of depressive symptoms (with clinical cut-off scores defined when applicable) at a prenatal follow up visit and again prior to neonatal surgery discharge.
Measured: Up to 4 weeks
Change in maternal Brief Cope Inventory survey scores
Mothers will complete the Brief Cope Inventory to assess a broad range of coping responses (with clinical cut-off scores defined when applicable) at a prenatal follow up visit and again prior to neonatal surgery discharge.
Measured: Up to 4 weeks
Change in maternal PedsQL Family Impact Module survey scores
Mothers will complete the PedsQL Family Impact Module to measure the impact of the child's cardiac diagnosis on the parents and family to indicate parent functioning and overall family functioning (with clinical cut-off scores defined when applicable) at a prenatal follow up visit and again prior to neonatal surgery discharge.
Measured: Up to 4 weeks
Secondary outcomes (2)
Length of neonate's intensive care unit (ICU) stay in days
Continuous days of initial ICU stay from time of admission
Measured: Participants will be followed for the duration of ICU stay, an expected average of 2 weeks
Length of neonate's total hospital stay in days
Continuous acute care inpatient hospital days from day of admission until discharge
Measured: Participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 4 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Jun 2015 (estimated)
- Study startApr 2013
- Primary completion12 Oct 2015
- Study completion15 Nov 2016
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (16)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Heart Defects, CongenitalStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of MichiganThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Michigan
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Karen Uzark, University of Michigan
- Investigators
- Hayley S Hancock, MD, Principal investigator, University of Michigan
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02462434
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HUM00072957
- Status last verified
- Apr 2017
- First submitted
- 28 May 2015
- Last updated
- 18 Apr 2017
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Lawoko S, Soares JJ. Psychosocial morbidity among parents of children with congenital heart disease: a prospective longitudinal study. Heart Lung. 2006 Sep-Oct;35(5):301-14. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2006.01.004.
PubMed 16963362Rychik J, Donaghue DD, Levy S, Fajardo C, Combs J, Zhang X, Szwast A, Diamond GS. Maternal psychological stress after prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease. J Pediatr. 2013 Feb;162(2):302-7.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.07.023. Epub 2012 Sep 10.
PubMed 22974576Uzark K, Jones K. Parenting stress and children with heart disease. J Pediatr Health Care. 2003 Jul-Aug;17(4):163-8. doi: 10.1067/mph.2003.22.
PubMed 12847425Helfricht S, Latal B, Fischer JE, Tomaske M, Landolt MA. Surgery-related posttraumatic stress disorder in parents of children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery: a prospective cohort study. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2008 Mar;9(2):217-23. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0b013e318166eec3.
PubMed 18477936Sarajuuri A, Lonnqvist T, Schmitt F, Almqvist F, Jokinen E. Patients with univentricular heart in early childhood: parenting stress and child behaviour. Acta Paediatr. 2012 Mar;101(3):252-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02509.x. Epub 2011 Nov 29.
PubMed 22040350Vrijmoet-Wiersma CM, Ottenkamp J, van Roozendaal M, Grootenhuis MA, Koopman HM. A multicentric study of disease-related stress, and perceived vulnerability, in parents of children with congenital cardiac disease. Cardiol Young. 2009 Dec;19(6):608-14. doi: 10.1017/S1047951109991831. Epub 2009 Oct 14.
PubMed 19825253Ohye RG, Schonbeck JV, Eghtesady P, Laussen PC, Pizarro C, Shrader P, Frank DU, Graham EM, Hill KD, Jacobs JP, Kanter KR, Kirsh JA, Lambert LM, Lewis AB, Ravishankar C, Tweddell JS, Williams IA, Pearson GD; Pediatric Heart Network Investigators. Cause, timing, and location of death in the Single Ventricle Reconstruction trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012 Oct;144(4):907-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.04.028. Epub 2012 Aug 15.
PubMed 22901498Ohye RG, Sleeper LA, Mahony L, Newburger JW, Pearson GD, Lu M, Goldberg CS, Tabbutt S, Frommelt PC, Ghanayem NS, Laussen PC, Rhodes JF, Lewis AB, Mital S, Ravishankar C, Williams IA, Dunbar-Masterson C, Atz AM, Colan S, Minich LL, Pizarro C, Kanter KR, Jaggers J, Jacobs JP, Krawczeski CD, Pike N, McCrindle BW, Virzi L, Gaynor JW; Pediatric Heart Network Investigators. Comparison of shunt types in the Norwood procedure for single-ventricle lesions. N Engl J Med. 2010 May 27;362(21):1980-92. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0912461.
PubMed 20505177Morell E, Wolfe J, Scheurer M, Thiagarajan R, Morin C, Beke DM, Smoot L, Cheng H, Gauvreau K, Blume ED. Patterns of care at end of life in children with advanced heart disease. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012 Aug;166(8):745-8. doi: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.1829.
PubMed 22473887Himelstein BP, Hilden JM, Boldt AM, Weissman D. Pediatric palliative care. N Engl J Med. 2004 Apr 22;350(17):1752-62. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra030334. No abstract available.
PubMed 15103002Mack JW, Wolfe J. Early integration of pediatric palliative care: for some children, palliative care starts at diagnosis. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2006 Feb;18(1):10-4. doi: 10.1097/01.mop.0000193266.86129.47.
PubMed 16470155Varni JW, Sherman SA, Burwinkle TM, Dickinson PE, Dixon P. The PedsQL Family Impact Module: preliminary reliability and validity. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2004 Sep 27;2:55. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-2-55.
PubMed 15450120Carver CS, Scheier MF, Weintraub JK. Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989 Feb;56(2):267-83. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.56.2.267.
PubMed 2926629Carver CS. You want to measure coping but your protocol's too long: consider the brief COPE. Int J Behav Med. 1997;4(1):92-100. doi: 10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6.
PubMed 16250744Ayers S. Assessing psychopathology in pregnancy and postpartum. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2001 Jun;22(2):91-102. doi: 10.3109/01674820109049959.
PubMed 11446159
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Apr 2017. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Impact of Early Intervention on Maternal Stress in Mothers of Fetuses Diagnosed With Single Ventricle Physiology Requiring Neonatal Surgery
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02462434
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HUM00072957
- Conditions
- Heart Defects, Congenital, Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Single Ventricle Defect, Stress, Psychological
- Keywords
- Pediatric palliative care
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of MichiganUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Apr 2013
- Primary completion
- 12 Oct 2015 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Nov 2016 (actual)
- First posted
- 4 Jun 2015 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study evaluates maternal psychological distress and the impact of early palliative care team consultation on maternal anxiety and depression symptoms, coping, and quality of life/family functioning in the care of neonates born with single ventricle physiology. Half of the participants will receive early palliative care team consultation, while the other half will receive usual care (no or late palliative care intervention). The investigators hypothesize maternal stress, anxiety, and depression will be lower in the palliative care intervention group compared with the control group, and maternal coping mechanisms and perceived quality of life and family functioning will improve at the pre-discharge assessment.
Detailed description
Mothers of children with congenital heart disease are at increased risk of psychological morbidity including stress, anxiety, and depression. In particular, mothers of patients with single ventricle physiology who require neonatal surgery, face a great deal of stress related to the risk of serious complications including neonatal death. Previous studies have suggested that providing emotional psychosocial support may modify the development of significant psychosocial problems in parents of children with congenital heart disease. The pediatric palliative care team specializes in multiple elements of psychological and spiritual care for families of such children.
The purpose of this pilot study is to evaluate maternal psychological distress and to examine the potential impact of early palliative care team consultation on maternal anxiety and depression symptoms, coping, and quality of life/family functioning in the care of neonates born with single ventricle physiology. Mothers will complete four questionnaires measuring anxiety, depression, and quality of life/family functioning at a prenatal follow up visit and again prior to neonatal surgical hospital stay discharge (or at 30 days). Infants will be randomly assigned (by date of birth) to receive early palliative care team consultation or usual care (no or late palliative care intervention).
The investigators hypothesize maternal stress, anxiety, and depression will be lower in the palliative care intervention group compared with the control group, and maternal coping mechanisms and perceived quality of life and family functioning will improve at the pre-discharge assessment.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Early palliative care team consultation | Experimental | Behavioral: Early palliative care team consultationEarly pediatric palliative care team consultation for single ventricle patients will occur in this group following birth but prior to the first stage palliative surgery. |
| Usual care | No intervention | –Usual care for single ventricle patients will be provided with palliative care team consultation occurring at any point (if it is determined the child and family would benefit from palliative care consultation) during the child's neonatal hospital stay. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Mothers pregnant with fetuses with single ventricle physiology who are planned to undergo staged single ventricle palliative surgery with the first surgery occurring in the neonatal period.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Mothers with neonates born at a gestational age of less than 32 weeks requiring admission and management in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
- Mothers with neonates diagnosed with major non-cardiac congenital anomalies requiring additional surgical management beyond cardiac surgery in the neonatal period.
- Non-English-speaking mothers who are unable to adequately comprehend and respond to survey questions administered as part of this study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Early palliative care team consultationThe palliative care team will evaluate the patient and family with the following core palliative care goals in mind: evaluating maternal understanding of their child's diagnosis and eliciting maternal concerns regarding their child's physical symptoms, identifying maternal social support systems and additional life stressors, identifying maternal expectations and hopes for their child's medical care, and assessing maternal fears surrounding their child's diagnosis and medical treatments. Palliative care team support and resources will then be provided in areas of necessity identified for the family. Palliative care team follow up will then be determined based on the level of need identified for each individual study participant. | Behavioural | Early palliative care team consultation |
Primary outcome
Change in maternal State-Trait Anxiety Index scores
Time frame: Up to 4 weeks
Mothers will complete the State-Trait Anxiety Index to assess current anxiety symptoms and trait-like anxiety symptoms (with clinical cut-off scores defined when applicable) at a prenatal follow up visit and again prior to neonatal surgery discharge.
Change in maternal Beck Depression Index II scores
Time frame: Up to 4 weeks
Mothers will complete the Beck Depression Index II to assess severity of depressive symptoms (with clinical cut-off scores defined when applicable) at a prenatal follow up visit and again prior to neonatal surgery discharge.
Change in maternal Brief Cope Inventory survey scores
Time frame: Up to 4 weeks
Mothers will complete the Brief Cope Inventory to assess a broad range of coping responses (with clinical cut-off scores defined when applicable) at a prenatal follow up visit and again prior to neonatal surgery discharge.
Change in maternal PedsQL Family Impact Module survey scores
Time frame: Up to 4 weeks
Mothers will complete the PedsQL Family Impact Module to measure the impact of the child's cardiac diagnosis on the parents and family to indicate parent functioning and overall family functioning (with clinical cut-off scores defined when applicable) at a prenatal follow up visit and again prior to neonatal surgery discharge.
2 secondary outcomes
Length of neonate's intensive care unit (ICU) stay in days
Time frame: Participants will be followed for the duration of ICU stay, an expected average of 2 weeks
Length of neonate's total hospital stay in days
Time frame: Participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 4 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Apr 2017.
- Background: PubMed 16963362Lawoko S, Soares JJ. Psychosocial morbidity among parents of children with congenital heart disease: a prospective longitudinal study. Heart Lung. 2006 Sep-Oct;35(5):301-14. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2006.01.004.
- Background: PubMed 22974576Rychik J, Donaghue DD, Levy S, Fajardo C, Combs J, Zhang X, Szwast A, Diamond GS. Maternal psychological stress after prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease. J Pediatr. 2013 Feb;162(2):302-7.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.07.023. Epub 2012 Sep 10.
- Background: PubMed 12847425Uzark K, Jones K. Parenting stress and children with heart disease. J Pediatr Health Care. 2003 Jul-Aug;17(4):163-8. doi: 10.1067/mph.2003.22.
- Background: PubMed 18477936Helfricht S, Latal B, Fischer JE, Tomaske M, Landolt MA. Surgery-related posttraumatic stress disorder in parents of children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery: a prospective cohort study. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2008 Mar;9(2):217-23. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0b013e318166eec3.
- Background: PubMed 22040350Sarajuuri A, Lonnqvist T, Schmitt F, Almqvist F, Jokinen E. Patients with univentricular heart in early childhood: parenting stress and child behaviour. Acta Paediatr. 2012 Mar;101(3):252-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02509.x. Epub 2011 Nov 29.
- Background: PubMed 19825253Vrijmoet-Wiersma CM, Ottenkamp J, van Roozendaal M, Grootenhuis MA, Koopman HM. A multicentric study of disease-related stress, and perceived vulnerability, in parents of children with congenital cardiac disease. Cardiol Young. 2009 Dec;19(6):608-14. doi: 10.1017/S1047951109991831. Epub 2009 Oct 14.
- Background: PubMed 22901498Ohye RG, Schonbeck JV, Eghtesady P, Laussen PC, Pizarro C, Shrader P, Frank DU, Graham EM, Hill KD, Jacobs JP, Kanter KR, Kirsh JA, Lambert LM, Lewis AB, Ravishankar C, Tweddell JS, Williams IA, Pearson GD; Pediatric Heart Network Investigators. Cause, timing, and location of death in the Single Ventricle Reconstruction trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012 Oct;144(4):907-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.04.028. Epub 2012 Aug 15.
- Background: PubMed 20505177Ohye RG, Sleeper LA, Mahony L, Newburger JW, Pearson GD, Lu M, Goldberg CS, Tabbutt S, Frommelt PC, Ghanayem NS, Laussen PC, Rhodes JF, Lewis AB, Mital S, Ravishankar C, Williams IA, Dunbar-Masterson C, Atz AM, Colan S, Minich LL, Pizarro C, Kanter KR, Jaggers J, Jacobs JP, Krawczeski CD, Pike N, McCrindle BW, Virzi L, Gaynor JW; Pediatric Heart Network Investigators. Comparison of shunt types in the Norwood procedure for single-ventricle lesions. N Engl J Med. 2010 May 27;362(21):1980-92. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0912461.
- Background: PubMed 22473887Morell E, Wolfe J, Scheurer M, Thiagarajan R, Morin C, Beke DM, Smoot L, Cheng H, Gauvreau K, Blume ED. Patterns of care at end of life in children with advanced heart disease. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012 Aug;166(8):745-8. doi: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.1829.
- Background: PubMed 15103002Himelstein BP, Hilden JM, Boldt AM, Weissman D. Pediatric palliative care. N Engl J Med. 2004 Apr 22;350(17):1752-62. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra030334. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 16470155Mack JW, Wolfe J. Early integration of pediatric palliative care: for some children, palliative care starts at diagnosis. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2006 Feb;18(1):10-4. doi: 10.1097/01.mop.0000193266.86129.47.
- Background: PubMed 15450120Varni JW, Sherman SA, Burwinkle TM, Dickinson PE, Dixon P. The PedsQL Family Impact Module: preliminary reliability and validity. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2004 Sep 27;2:55. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-2-55.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Hayley S Hancock, MD principal investigator
University of Michigan
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Early palliative care team consultation in people with Heart Defects, Congenital and Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, run by University of Michigan at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Apr 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in maternal State-Trait Anxiety Index scores (time frame: Up to 4 weeks). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02462434, which also lists 16 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Apr 2017.