Ovarian CancerPhase 3PAOLA-1NCT02477644
Platine, Avastin and OLAparib in 1st Line
A Phase 3 study testing Olaparib in people with Ovarian Cancer, run by Arcagy Research at 163 sites in 11 countries.
Trial summary
Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Trial of Olaparib vs. Placebo in Patients with Advanced FIGO Stage IIIB - IV High Grade Serous or Endometrioid Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Peritoneal Cancer treated with standard First-Line Treatment, Combining Platinum-Taxane Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab Concurrent with… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Ovarian Cancer
- What is being tested?
- Olaparib
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 806 participants
- Where
- 163 sitesin 11 countries
- Study dates
- 6 May 2015to 22 Mar 2022
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- I-1. Female Patient must be ≥18 years of age. I-2. Signed informed consent and ability to comply with treatment and follow-up.
- I-3. Patient with newly diagnosed I-3-1 Ovarian cancer, primary peritoneal cancer and/or fallopian-tube cancer,
- I-3-2 Histologically confirmed (based on local histopathological findings):
- high grade serous or
- high grade endometrioid or
- other epithelial non mucinous ovarian cancer in a patient with germline BRCA 1 or 2 deleterious mutation I-3-3 at an advanced stage: FIGO stage IIIB, IIIC, or IV of the 1988 FIGO classification.
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- I-4. Patient who has completed prior to randomization first line platinum-taxane chemotherapy:
- Platinum-taxane based regimen must have consisted of a minimum of 6 treatment cycles and a maximum of 9. However if platinum based therapy must be discontinued early as a result of non hematological toxicity specifically related to the platinum regimen, (i.e. neurotoxicity, hypersensitivity etc.), patient must have received a minimum of 4 cycles of the platinum regimen.
- Intravenous, intraperitoneal, or neoadjuvant platinum based chemotherapy is allowed; for weekly therapy, three weeks are considered one cycle. Interval debulking is allowed.
- I-5. Patient must have received prior to randomization a minimum of 3 cycles of bevacizumab in combination with the 3 last cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy. Only in case of interval debulking surgery, it is allowed to realize only 2 cycles of bevacizumab in combination with the last 3 cycles of platinium-based chemotherapy. Bevacizumab treatment should be administered at a dose 15mg/kg q3 weeks up to a total of 15 months.
- I-6. Patient must be prior to randomization without evidence of disease (NED) or in complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) from her first line treatment. There should be no clinical evidence of disease progression (physical exam, imagery, CA 125) throughout her first line treatment and prior to study randomization.
- I-7. Patient must be randomized at least 3 weeks and no more than 9 weeks after her last dose of chemotherapy (last dose is the day of the last infusion) and all major toxicities from the previous chemotherapy must have resolved to CTC AE grade 1 or better (except alopecia and peripheral neuropathy).
- I-8. Patient must have normal organ and bone marrow function:
- Hemoglobin ≥ 10.0 g/dL.
- Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5 x 109/L.
- Platelet count ≥ 100 x 109/L.
- Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN).
- Aspartate aminotransferase /Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (ASAT/SGOT)) and Alanine aminotransferase /Serum Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase (ALAT/SGPT)) ≤ 2.5 x ULN, unless liver metastases are present in which case they must be ≤ 5 x ULN.
- Serum creatinine ≤ 1.25 x institutional ULN and creatinine clearance > 50 mL/min.
- Patient not receiving anticoagulant medication who has an International Normalized Ratio (INR) ≤1.5 and an Activated ProThrombin Time (aPTT) ≤1.5 x ULN.
- The use of full-dose oral or parenteral anticoagulants is permitted as long as the INR or APTT is within therapeutic limits (according to site medical standard). If the patient is on oral anticoagulants, dose has to be stable for at least two weeks at the time of randomization.
- Urine dipstick for proteinuria < 2+. If urine dipstick i s ≥2+, 24-hour urine must demonstrate <1 g of protein in 24 hours.
- Normal blood pressure or adequately treated and controlled hypertension (systolic BP ≤ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≤ 90 mmHg).
- I-9. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1. I-10. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor sample from the primary cancer must be available for central BRCA testing and test result must be available for stratification.
- I-11. Postmenopausal or evidence of non-childbearing status for women of childbearing potential prior to the first dose of study treatment. (see appendix 4) I-12. For France only: In France, a subject will be eligible for randomization in this study only if either affiliated to, or a beneficiary of, a social security category.
Who cannot join
- E-1. Non-epithelial origin of the ovary, the fallopian tube or the peritoneum (i.e. germ cell tumors).
- E-2. Ovarian tumors of low malignant potential (e.g. borderline tumors), or mucinous carcinoma.
- E-3. Patient with synchronous primary endometrial cancer unless both of the following criteria are met:
- stage < II,
- Less than 60 years old at the time of diagnosis of endometrial cancer with stage IA or IB grade 1 or 2, or stage IA grade III endometrioid adenocarcinoma OR ≥ 60 years old at the time of diagnosis of endometrial cancer with stage IA grade 1 or 2 endometrioid adenocarcinoma.
- Patient with serous or clear cell adenocarcinoma or carcinosarcoma of the endometrium is not eligible.
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- E-4. Other malignancy within the last 5 years except: adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer curatively treated in situ cancer of the cervix, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Patient with a history of localized malignancy diagnosed over 5 years ago may be eligible provided she completed her adjuvant systemic therapy prior to randomization and that the patient remains free of recurrent or metastatic disease.
- Patient with history of primary triple negative breast cancer may be eligible provided she completed her definitive anticancer treatment more than 3 years ago and she remains breast cancer disease free prior to start of study treatment.
- E-5. Patient with myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia history E-6. Patient having experienced for at least one cycle, a delay > 2 weeks due to prolonged hematological recovery during the first line chemotherapy E-7. Patient receiving radiotherapy within 6 weeks prior to study treatment E-8. Major surgery within 4 weeks of starting study treatment and patient must have recovered from any effects of any major surgery E-9. Previous allergenic bone marrow transplant. E-10. Any previous treatment with PARP inhibitor, including olaparib. E-11. Administration of other simultaneous chemotherapy drugs, any other anticancer therapy or anti-neoplastic hormonal therapy, or simultaneous radiotherapy during the trial treatment period (hormonal replacement therapy is permitted as are steroidal antiemetics).
- E-12. Current or recent (within 10 days prior to randomization) chronic use of aspirin > 325 mg/day.
- E-13. Concomitant use of known potent CYP3A4 inhibitors such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir, indinavir, saquinavir, telithromycin, clarithromycin and nelfinavir.
- E-14. Prior history of hypertensive crisis (CTC-AE grade 4) or hypertensive encephalopathy.
- E-15. Clinically significant (e.g. active) cardiovascular disease, including:
- Myocardial infarction or unstable angina within ≤ 6 months of randomization,
- New York Heart Association (NYHA) ≥ grade 2congestive heart failure (CHF).
- Poorly controlled cardiac arrhythmia despite medication (patient with rate controlled atrial fibrillation are eligible), or any clinically significant abnormal finding on resting ECG,
- Peripheral vascular disease grade ≥ 3 (e.g. symptomatic and interfering with activities of daily living [ADL] requiring repair or revision).
- E-16. Previous Cerebro-Vascular Accident (CVA), Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) or Sub- Arachnoids Hemorrhage (SAH) within 6 months prior to randomization.
- E-17. History or evidence of hemorrhagic disorders within 6 months prior to randomization.
- E-18. Evidence of bleeding diathesis or significant coagulopathy (in the absence of coagulation).
- E-19. History or clinical suspicion of brain metastases or spinal cord compression. CT/MRI of the brain is mandatory (within 4 weeks prior to randomization) in case of suspected brain metastases. Spinal MRI is mandatory (within 4 weeks prior to randomization) in case of suspected spinal cord compression.
- E-20. History or evidence upon neurological examination of central nervous system (CNS) disease, unless adequately treated with standard medical therapy (e.g. uncontrolled seizures).
- E-21. Significant traumatic injury during 4 weeks prior to randomization. E-22. Non-healing wound, active ulcer or bone fracture. Patient with granulating incisions healing by secondary intention with no evidence of facial dehiscence or infection is eligible but require 3 weekly wound examinations.
- E-23. History of VEGF therapy related abdominal fistula or gastrointestinal perforation or active gastrointestinal bleeding within 6 months prior to the first study treatment.
- E-24. Current, clinically relevant bowel obstruction, including sub-occlusive disease, related to underlying disease.
- E-25. Patient with evidence of abdominal free air not explained by paracentesis or recent surgical procedure.
- E-26. Evidence of any other disease, metabolic dysfunction, physical examination finding or laboratory finding giving reasonable suspicion of a disease or condition that contraindicates the use of an investigational drug or puts the patient at high risk for treatment related complications.
- E-27. Pregnant or lactating women. E-28. Participation in another clinical study with an investigational product during her chemotherapy course immediately prior to randomization.
- E-29. Patient unable to swallow orally administered medication and patient with gastrointestinal disorders likely to interfere with absorption of the study medication.
- E-30. Patient with a known hypersensitivity to olaparib or any of the recipients of the product.
- E-31. Immunocompromised patient, e.g., with known active hepatitis (i.e. Hepatitis B or C) due to risk of transmitting the infection through blood or other body fluids or patient who is known to be serologically positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Trial locations and contacts
163 sites in 11 countries.
163 sites in 11 countries
Germany59 sites
Klinikum Aschaffenburg
Aschaffenburg, 63739
Klinikum Augsburg
Augsburg, 86156
Hochtaunus-Kliniken
Bad Homburg, 61352
Praxisklinik Krebsheilkunde für Frauen
Berlin, 10367
HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch
Berlin, 13125
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CVK)
Berlin, 13353
Onkologie Bottrop
Bottrop, 46236
GYNAEKOLOGICUM Bremen
Bremen, 28111
Universitätsfrauenklinik Köln
Cologne, 50931
St. Elisabeth Krankenhaus
Cologne, 50935
Städtisches Klinikum Dessau
Dessau, 06847
Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus
Dresden, 01307
Evangelisches Krankenhaus Düsseldorf
Düsseldorf, 40217
Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf
Düsseldorf, 40225
Universitätsfrauenklinik Erlangen
Erlangen, 91054
Kliniken Essen Mitte
Essen, 45136
Universitätsklinikum Essen
Essen, 45147
Klinikum Esslingen
Esslingen am Neckar, 73730
Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität
Frankfurt, 60590
Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst
Frankfurt, 65929
Universitätsfrauenklinik Freiburg
Freiburg im Breisgau, 79106
Universitäts-Frauenklinik Göttingen
Göttingen, 37075
Universitätsmedizin Greifswald
Greifswald, 17475
Klinkum Gütersloh
Gütersloh, 33332
Universitätsklinikum Halle
Halle, 06120
Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
Hamburg, 20246
Albertinen Krankenhaus
Hamburg, 22457
Gynäkologisch-Onkologische Praxis Hannover
Hanover, 30177
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
Hanover, 30625
Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
Heidelberg, 69120
Universitätsklinikum Jena
Jena, 07743
St. Vincentius Kliniken
Karlsruhe, 76135
Klinikum Kassel
Kassel, 34125
Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein
Kiel, 24105
Klinikum Konstanz
Konstanz, 78462
HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld
Krefeld, 47805
Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein
Lübeck, 23538
Klinikum Ludwigsburg
Ludwigsburg, 71640
Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg
Marburg, 35043
Johannes Wesling Klinikum
Minden, 32429
Klinikum der Universität München
München, 81377
Klinikum rechts der Isar
München, 81675
Universitätsklinikum Münster
Münster, 48149
Kliniken des Landkreises Neumarkt
Neumarkt, 92318
Sana Klinikum Offenbach
Offenbach, 63069
Ortenau Klinikum
Offenburg, 77654
Onkologie Ravensburg
Ravensburg, 88212
Universitätsfrauenklinik Regensburg
Regensburg, 93053
Klinikum am Steinenberg
Reutlingen, 72764
ROMed Klinikum Rosenheim
Rosenheim, 83022
Klinikum Südstadt
Rostock, 18059
Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus
Stuttgart, 70376
Universitäts-Frauenklinik Tübingen
Tübingen, 72076
Universitätsklinikum Ulm
Ulm, 89075
HELIOS Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken
Wiesbaden, 65199
Marien Hospital Witten
Witten, 58452
amO Wolfsburg
Wolfsburg, 38440
Klinikum Worms
Worms, 67550
Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
Würzburg, 97080
France43 sites
ICO Paul Papin
Angers, 49100
Institut Sainte-Catherine
Avignon, 84918
Hôpital Jean Minjoz
Besançon, 25030
Institut Bergonié
Bordeaux, 33076
Polyclinique Bordeaux Nord
Bordeaux, 33300
Centre François Baclesse
Caen, 14000
Centre Jean Perrin
Clermont-Ferrand, 63000
Centre Georges François Leclerc
Dijon, 21079
Groupe Hospitalier Mutualiste de Grenoble
Grenoble, 38028
Centre Hospitalier Départemental Les Oudairies
La Roche-sur-Yon, 85925
Hôpital Michallon - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble
La Tronche, 38700
Centre Jean Bernard - Clinique Victor Hugo
Le Mans, 72000
Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille - Hôpital Huriez
Lille, 59037
Centre Oscar Lambret
Lille, 59200
Centre Léon Bérard
Lyon, 69373
Institut Paoli Calmettes
Marseille, 13009
Hôpital de Mont-de-Marsan
Mont-de-Marsan, 40024
ICM Val d'Aurelle
Montpellier, 34298
Centre Azuréen de Cancérologie
Mougins, 06250
Centre Catherine de Sienne - Group confluent
Nantes, 44202
Centre Antoine Lacassagne
Nice, 06189
Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans
Orléans, 45067
Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou
Paris, Ilhe de France, 75015
Institut Curie - Hopital Claudius Régaud
Paris, 75005
Hôpital des Diaconesses
Paris, 75012
Hôpital Cochin
Paris, 75014
Hopital Tenon
Paris, 75020
Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Joseph
Paris, 75674
Clinique Francheville
Périgueux, 20004
Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud
Pierre-Bénite, 69495
Centre CARIO - HPCA
Plérin, 22190
Hôpital de la Milétrie - CHU de Poitiers - Pôle Régional de Cancérologie
Poitiers, 86021
Centre Eugène Marquis
Rennes, 35042
Centre Henri Becquerel
Rouen, 76038
Hôpital René Huguenin, Institut Curie
Saint-Cloud, 92210
ICO Centre René Gauducheau
Saint-Herblain, 44805
Centre de Radiothérapie - Clinique Sainte-Anne
Strasbourg, 67000
Centre Paul Strauss
Strasbourg, 67065
Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg
Strasbourg, 67200
Institut Claudius Regaud
Toulouse, 31059
Clinique Pasteur - ONCOSUD
Toulouse, 31076
ICL Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine
Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54511
Institut Gustave Roussy
Villejuif, 94805
Italy20 sites
Centro Riferimento Oncologico
Aviano, 33081
Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi
Bologna, 40138
Spedali Civili-Università di Brescia
Brescia, 25120
Ospedale Senatore Antonio Perrino
Brindisi, 72100
EO Ospedali Galliera
Genova, 16128
Ospedale San Luca
Lucca, 55100
Istituto Nazionale Tumori
Milan, 20133
Istituto Europeo di Oncologia
Milan, 20141
Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS Pascale
Naples, 80131
Istituto Oncologico Veneto
Padova, 35128
Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia
Perugia, 06122
Ospedale Santa Chiara
Pisa, 56124
AO ASL 4 - Ospedale di Prato
Prato, 59100
Arcispedale S. M. Nuova
Reggio Emilia, 42100
Istituto Regina Elena
Roma, 00144
Policlinico Umberto I La Sapienza
Roma, 00161
Policlinico Universitario Gemelli Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
Roma, 00168
Ospedale S. Anna
Torino, 10126
Ospedale Mauriziano
Torino, 10128
Ospedale Santa Chiara
Trento, 38100
Spain14 sites
H. U. Fundación Alcorcón
Alcorcón, 28922
H. de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau
Barcelona, 8026
C.S. Parc Taulí
Barcelona, 8208
H. U. Reina Sofía
Córdoba, 14004
H.U. Arnau de Vilanova
Lleida, 25198
MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid
Madrid, 28033
H. U. Ramón y Cajal
Madrid, 28034
H. U. 12 de Octubre
Madrid, 28041
H.U. Central de Asturias
Oviedo, 33011
Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra
Pamplona, 31008
Instituto Valenciano de Oncología
Valencia, 46009
H. General Universitario de Valencia
Valencia, 46014
H. U. P. La Fe
Valencia, 46026
H. U. Miguel Servet
Zaragoza, 50009
Japan7 sites
Ehime University Hospital
Ehime, 791-0204
Hyogo Cancer Center
Hyōgo, 673-0021
University of Tsukuba Hospital
Ibaraki, 305-0005
Kagoshima University Medical And Dental Hospital
Kagoshima, 890-8520
Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
Saitama, 350-1298
Jichi Medical University Hospital
Tochigi, 329-0498
National Cancer Center Hospital
Tokyo, 104-0045
Austria6 sites
KH der Barmherzigen Brüder Graz
Graz, 8020
Medical University of Graz
Graz, 8036
Medical University of Innsbruck
Innsbruck, 6020
Landeskrankenhaus Salzburg
Salzburg, 5020
Medical University of Vienna
Vienna, 1090
Krankenhaus Hietzing
Vienna, 1130
Belgium6 sites
Institut Jules Bordet
Brussels, B1000
Antwerp University Hospital
Edegem, B-2650
UZ Gasthuisberg
Leuven, B - 3000
Hôpital de la Citadelle
Liège, B-4000
Clinique et maternité Sainte Elisabeth
Namur, B-5000
CHU Dinant Godinne
Yvoir, B-5530
Finland4 sites
Kuopio University Hospital
Kuopio, 70210
Oulu University Hospital
Oulu, FIN-90029
Tampere University Hospital
Tampere, FI-33521
Turku University Hospital
Turku
About this study
Official title: Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Trial Olaparib vs. Placebo Patients With Advanced FIGO Stage IIIB-IV High Grade Serious or Endometrioid Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Peritoneal Cancer Treated Standard First-Line Treatment
Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Trial of Olaparib vs. Placebo in Patients with Advanced FIGO Stage IIIB - IV High Grade Serous or Endometrioid Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Peritoneal Cancer treated with standard First-Line Treatment, Combining Platinum-Taxane Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab Concurrent with Chemotherapy and in Maintenance.
Read the detailed description
Patients with advanced FIGO stage IIIB - IV high grade serous or endometrioid ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer treated with standard first-line treatment, combining platinum-taxane chemotherapy and bevacizumab concurrent with chemotherapy and in maintenance.
- Conditions
- Ovarian Cancer
- Being tested
- Olaparib, Placebo
- Keywords
- Advanced FIGO IIIB, IV high grade serious ovarian cancer, endometrioid ovarian cancer, standard first-line treatment, platinum-taxane chemotherapy, bevacizumab, olaparib, placebo
- Medical subject headings
- Ovarian Neoplasms
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
OlaparibDrug
Tablets, per os, 300 mg twice daily;
PlaceboDrug
Tablets, per os, 300 mg twice daily.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Olaparib | Experimental | Tablets per os 300 mg Receives: Drug: Olaparib |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Tablets per os 300 mg Receives: Drug: Placebo |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Efficacy by progression free survival (PFS1)
Measured: phase up to a total of 15 months
Secondary outcomes (7)
Overall survival
Overall survival is defined as the time from the date of randomization until death due to any cause.
Measured: Study end
Time to earliest progression by RECIST or CA-125
Time to earliest progression by RECIST v. 1.1 or CA-125 or death is defined as the time from randomization to the earliest date of RECIST or CA-125 progression or death by any cause.
Measured: Study end
Second Progression Free Survival (PFS2)
Time from randomization to second progression is defined as the time from the date of randomization to the earliest of the progression event subsequent to that used for the primary variable PFS, or date of death.
Measured: Study end
Time to start of first subsequent therapy or death (TFST)
Time to start of first subsequent therapy or death (TFST) will be assessed. TFST is defined as the time from the date of randomization to the earliest of the date of anti-cancer therapy start date following study treatment discontinuation, or death.
Measured: Study end
Time to start of second subsequent therapy or death (TSST)
Time to start of second subsequent therapy or death (TSST) will be assessed. TSST is defined as the time from the date of randomization to the earliest of the date of second subsequent anti-cancer therapy start date following study treatment discontinuation, or death.
Measured: Study end
Safety and Tolerability
Measured: Study end
Patient reported outcome
Measured: 2 years after last patient included
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Jun 2015 (estimated)
- Study start6 May 2015
- Primary completion22 Mar 2019
- Study completion22 Mar 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (11)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Ovarian CancerStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 806 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Arcagy Research
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynaekologische Onkologie Studiengruppe Ovarialkarzinom Germany, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynaekologische Onkologie Austria, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario, Belgian Gynaecological Oncology Group, Multicenter Italian Trials in Ovarian cancer and gynecologic malignancies, Mario Negri Gynecologic Oncology group (MaNGO), Nordic Society of Gynaecological Oncology - Clinical Trials Unit, Gynecologic Oncology Trial & Investigation Consortium
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Isabelle RAY COQUARD, MD, PhD, Principal investigator, Centre Leon Berard
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02477644
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- GINECO-OV125b
- Acronym
- PAOLA-1
- Status last verified
- Aug 2022
- First submitted
- 18 Jun 2015
- Last updated
- 2 Aug 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Ray-Coquard I, Pautier P, Pignata S, Perol D, Gonzalez-Martin A, Berger R, Fujiwara K, Vergote I, Colombo N, Maenpaa J, Selle F, Sehouli J, Lorusso D, Guerra Alia EM, Reinthaller A, Nagao S, Lefeuvre-Plesse C, Canzler U, Scambia G, Lortholary A, Marme F, Combe P, de Gregorio N, Rodrigues M, Buderath P, Dubot C, Burges A, You B, Pujade-Lauraine E, Harter P; PAOLA-1 Investigators. Olaparib plus Bevacizumab as First-Line Maintenance in Ovarian Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019 Dec 19;381(25):2416-2428. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911361.
PubMed 31851799Perrier L, Zarca K, Cadet T, Morelle M, Cropet C, Burges A, Cecere SC, Palacio I, Abdeddaim C, Durand-Zaleski I, Ray-Coquard I. Economic evaluation alongside the PAOLA-1 /ENGOT-ov25 trial: cost of ovarian cancer and cost-effectiveness of olaparib plus bevacizumab first-line maintenance. Cost Eff Resour Alloc. 2026 Aug 6;24(1):135. doi: 10.1186/s12962-026-00810-4.
PubMed 42977994Joly F, Anota A, Chabaud S, Cropet C, Priou F, Harter P, Pignata S, Palacio I, Petru E, Kobayashi H, Vergote I, Parma G, Maenpaa J, Raymond E, Ataseven B, Pisano C, Lainez N, Tsibulak I, Yonemori K, Vuylsteke P, Lapresa MT, Mirza MR, Bouchaert P, Buderath P, Lorusso D, Herrero A, Eberst L, Burges A, Scambia G, Ortega E, Guillemet C, Pujade-Lauraine E, Kurtz JE, Ray-Coquard I. Health-related quality of life in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer receiving maintenance olaparib plus bevacizumab (PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25). J Natl Cancer Inst. 2026 Apr 24:djag122. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djag122. Online ahead of print.
PubMed 42033030Barnicle A, Ray-Coquard I, Rouleau E, Cadoo K, Simpkins F, Aghajanian C, Leary A, Poveda A, Lheureux S, Pujade-Lauraine E, You B, Ledermann J, Matulonis U, Gourley C, Timms KM, Lai Z, Hodgson DR, Elks CE, Dearden S, Egile C, Lao-Sirieix P, Harrington EA, Brown JS. Patterns of genomic instability in > 2000 patients with ovarian cancer across six clinical trials evaluating olaparib. Genome Med. 2024 Dec 18;16(1):145. doi: 10.1186/s13073-024-01413-5.
PubMed 39695768Montegut C, Falandry C, Cinieri S, Cropet C, Montane L, Rousseau F, Joly F, Moubarak M, Mosconi AM, Guerra-Alia EM, Schauer C, Fujiwara H, Vergote I, Parma G, Lindahl G, Anota A, Canzler U, Marme F, Pujade-Lauraine E, Ray-Coquard I, Sabatier R. Safety and quality of life with maintenance olaparib plus bevacizumab in older patients with ovarian cancer: subgroup analysis of PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25. Oncologist. 2025 Jul 4;30(7):oyae322. doi: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae322.
PubMed 39673779Harter P, Marth C, Mouret-Reynier MA, Cropet C, Lorusso D, Guerra-Alia EM, Matsumoto T, Vergote I, Colombo N, Maenpaa J, Lebreton C, de Gregorio N, Mosconi AM, Rubio-Perez MJ, Bourgeois H, Fasching PA, Cecere SC, Hardy-Bessard AC, Denschlag D, de Percin S, Hanker L, Favier L, Bauerschlag D, Desauw C, Hillemanns P, Largillier R, Sehouli J, Grenier J, Pujade-Lauraine E, Ray-Coquard I; PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 investigators. Efficacy of subsequent therapies in patients with advanced ovarian cancer who relapse after first-line olaparib maintenance: results of the PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 trial. Ann Oncol. 2025 Feb;36(2):185-196. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2024.10.828. Epub 2024 Nov 9.
PubMed 39528049Lorusso D, Mouret-Reynier MA, Harter P, Cropet C, Caballero C, Wolfrum-Ristau P, Satoh T, Vergote I, Parma G, Nottrup TJ, Lebreton C, Fasching PA, Pisano C, Manso L, Bourgeois H, Runnebaum I, Zamagni C, Hardy-Bessard AC, Schnelzer A, Fabbro M, Schmalfeldt B, Berton D, Belau A, Lotz JP, Gropp-Meier M, Gladieff L, Luck HJ, Abadie-Lacourtoisie S, Pujade-Lauraine E, Ray-Coquard I. Updated progression-free survival and final overall survival with maintenance olaparib plus bevacizumab according to clinical risk in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer in the phase III PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 trial. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2024 Apr 1;34(4):550-558. doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-004995.
PubMed 38129136Callens C, Rodrigues M, Briaux A, Frouin E, Eeckhoutte A, Pujade-Lauraine E, Renault V, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Bieche I, Bataillon G, Karayan-Tapon L, Rochelle T, Heitz F, Cecere SC, Perez MJR, Grimm C, Nottrup TJ, Colombo N, Vergote I, Yonemori K, Ray-Coquard I, Stern MH, Popova T. Shallow whole genome sequencing approach to detect Homologous Recombination Deficiency in the PAOLA-1/ENGOT-OV25 phase-III trial. Oncogene. 2023 Nov;42(48):3556-3563. doi: 10.1038/s41388-023-02839-8. Epub 2023 Nov 9.
PubMed 37945748Pujade-Lauraine E, Brown J, Barnicle A, Wessen J, Lao-Sirieix P, Criscione SW, du Bois A, Lorusso D, Romero I, Petru E, Yoshida H, Vergote I, Colombo N, Hietanen S, Provansal M, Schmalfeldt B, Pignata S, Martin Lorente C, Berton D, Runnebaum IB, Ray-Coquard I. Homologous Recombination Repair Gene Mutations to Predict Olaparib Plus Bevacizumab Efficacy in the First-Line Ovarian Cancer PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 Trial. JCO Precis Oncol. 2023 Jan;7:e2200258. doi: 10.1200/PO.22.00258.
PubMed 36716415Gonzalez-Martin A, Desauw C, Heitz F, Cropet C, Gargiulo P, Berger R, Ochi H, Vergote I, Colombo N, Mirza MR, Tazi Y, Canzler U, Zamagni C, Guerra-Alia EM, Levache CB, Marme F, Bazan F, de Gregorio N, Dohollou N, Fasching PA, Scambia G, Rubio-Perez MJ, Milenkova T, Costan C, Pautier P, Ray-Coquard I; PAOLA1/ENGOT-ov25 investigators. Maintenance olaparib plus bevacizumab in patients with newly diagnosed advanced high-grade ovarian cancer: Main analysis of second progression-free survival in the phase III PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 trial. Eur J Cancer. 2022 Oct;174:221-231. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.07.022. Epub 2022 Sep 5.
PubMed 36067615Fujiwara K, Fujiwara H, Yoshida H, Satoh T, Yonemori K, Nagao S, Matsumoto T, Kobayashi H, Bourgeois H, Harter P, Mosconi AM, Vazquez IP, Reinthaller A, Fujita T, Rowe P, Pujade-Lauraine E, Ray-Coquard I. Olaparib plus bevacizumab as maintenance therapy in patients with newly diagnosed, advanced ovarian cancer: Japan subset from the PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 trial. J Gynecol Oncol. 2021 Sep;32(5):e82. doi: 10.3802/jgo.2021.32.e82.
PubMed 34378365
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Aug 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Trial Olaparib vs. Placebo Patients With Advanced FIGO Stage IIIB-IV High Grade Serious or Endometrioid Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Peritoneal Cancer Treated Standard First-Line Treatment
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02477644
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PAOLA-1 / GINECO-OV125b
- Conditions
- Ovarian Cancer
- Keywords
- Advanced FIGO IIIB, IV high grade serious ovarian cancer, endometrioid ovarian cancer, standard first-line treatment, platinum-taxane chemotherapy, bevacizumab, olaparib, placebo
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 806 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Arcagy ResearchUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynaekologische Onkologie Studiengruppe Ovarialkarzinom Germany, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynaekologische Onkologie Austria, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario, Belgian Gynaecological Oncology Group, Multicenter Italian Trials in Ovarian cancer and gynecologic malignancies, Mario Negri Gynecologic Oncology group (MaNGO), Nordic Society of Gynaecological Oncology - Clinical Trials Unit, Gynecologic Oncology Trial & Investigation Consortium
- Study start
- 6 May 2015 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 22 Mar 2019 (actual)
- Study completion
- 22 Mar 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 23 Jun 2015 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Trial of Olaparib vs. Placebo in Patients with Advanced FIGO Stage IIIB - IV High Grade Serous or Endometrioid Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Peritoneal Cancer treated with standard First-Line Treatment, Combining Platinum-Taxane Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab Concurrent with Chemotherapy and in Maintenance.
Detailed description
Patients with advanced FIGO stage IIIB - IV high grade serous or endometrioid ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer treated with standard first-line treatment, combining platinum-taxane chemotherapy and bevacizumab concurrent with chemotherapy and in maintenance.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Olaparib | Experimental | Drug: OlaparibTablets per os 300 mg |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Drug: PlaceboTablets per os 300 mg |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (25 listed)
- I-1. Female Patient must be ≥18 years of age. I-2. Signed informed consent and ability to comply with treatment and follow-up.
- I-3. Patient with newly diagnosed I-3-1 Ovarian cancer, primary peritoneal cancer and/or fallopian-tube cancer,
- high grade serous or
- high grade endometrioid or
- other epithelial non mucinous ovarian cancer in a patient with germline BRCA 1 or 2 deleterious mutation I-3-3 at an advanced stage: FIGO stage IIIB, IIIC, or IV of the 1988 FIGO classification.
Key exclusion criteria (31 listed)
- E-1. Non-epithelial origin of the ovary, the fallopian tube or the peritoneum (i.e. germ cell tumors).
- E-2. Ovarian tumors of low malignant potential (e.g. borderline tumors), or mucinous carcinoma.
- E-3. Patient with synchronous primary endometrial cancer unless both of the following criteria are met:
- stage < II,
- Less than 60 years old at the time of diagnosis of endometrial cancer with stage IA or IB grade 1 or 2, or stage IA grade III endometrioid adenocarcinoma OR ≥ 60 years old at the time of diagnosis of endometrial cancer with stage IA grade 1 or 2 endometrioid adenocarcinoma.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| OlaparibTablets, per os, 300 mg twice daily; | Drug | Olaparib |
| PlaceboTablets, per os, 300 mg twice daily. | Drug | Placebo |
Primary outcome
Efficacy by progression free survival (PFS1)
Time frame: phase up to a total of 15 months
7 secondary outcomes
Overall survival
Time frame: Study end
Time to earliest progression by RECIST or CA-125
Time frame: Study end
Second Progression Free Survival (PFS2)
Time frame: Study end
Time to start of first subsequent therapy or death (TFST)
Time frame: Study end
Time to start of second subsequent therapy or death (TSST)
Time frame: Study end
Safety and Tolerability
Time frame: Study end
Patient reported outcome
Time frame: 2 years after last patient included
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Aug 2022.
- Results publication: PubMed 31851799Ray-Coquard I, Pautier P, Pignata S, Perol D, Gonzalez-Martin A, Berger R, Fujiwara K, Vergote I, Colombo N, Maenpaa J, Selle F, Sehouli J, Lorusso D, Guerra Alia EM, Reinthaller A, Nagao S, Lefeuvre-Plesse C, Canzler U, Scambia G, Lortholary A, Marme F, Combe P, de Gregorio N, Rodrigues M, Buderath P, Dubot C, Burges A, You B, Pujade-Lauraine E, Harter P; PAOLA-1 Investigators. Olaparib plus Bevacizumab as First-Line Maintenance in Ovarian Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019 Dec 19;381(25):2416-2428. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911361.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42977994Perrier L, Zarca K, Cadet T, Morelle M, Cropet C, Burges A, Cecere SC, Palacio I, Abdeddaim C, Durand-Zaleski I, Ray-Coquard I. Economic evaluation alongside the PAOLA-1 /ENGOT-ov25 trial: cost of ovarian cancer and cost-effectiveness of olaparib plus bevacizumab first-line maintenance. Cost Eff Resour Alloc. 2026 Aug 6;24(1):135. doi: 10.1186/s12962-026-00810-4.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42033030Joly F, Anota A, Chabaud S, Cropet C, Priou F, Harter P, Pignata S, Palacio I, Petru E, Kobayashi H, Vergote I, Parma G, Maenpaa J, Raymond E, Ataseven B, Pisano C, Lainez N, Tsibulak I, Yonemori K, Vuylsteke P, Lapresa MT, Mirza MR, Bouchaert P, Buderath P, Lorusso D, Herrero A, Eberst L, Burges A, Scambia G, Ortega E, Guillemet C, Pujade-Lauraine E, Kurtz JE, Ray-Coquard I. Health-related quality of life in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer receiving maintenance olaparib plus bevacizumab (PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25). J Natl Cancer Inst. 2026 Apr 24:djag122. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djag122. Online ahead of print.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39695768Barnicle A, Ray-Coquard I, Rouleau E, Cadoo K, Simpkins F, Aghajanian C, Leary A, Poveda A, Lheureux S, Pujade-Lauraine E, You B, Ledermann J, Matulonis U, Gourley C, Timms KM, Lai Z, Hodgson DR, Elks CE, Dearden S, Egile C, Lao-Sirieix P, Harrington EA, Brown JS. Patterns of genomic instability in > 2000 patients with ovarian cancer across six clinical trials evaluating olaparib. Genome Med. 2024 Dec 18;16(1):145. doi: 10.1186/s13073-024-01413-5.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39673779Montegut C, Falandry C, Cinieri S, Cropet C, Montane L, Rousseau F, Joly F, Moubarak M, Mosconi AM, Guerra-Alia EM, Schauer C, Fujiwara H, Vergote I, Parma G, Lindahl G, Anota A, Canzler U, Marme F, Pujade-Lauraine E, Ray-Coquard I, Sabatier R. Safety and quality of life with maintenance olaparib plus bevacizumab in older patients with ovarian cancer: subgroup analysis of PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25. Oncologist. 2025 Jul 4;30(7):oyae322. doi: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae322.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39528049Harter P, Marth C, Mouret-Reynier MA, Cropet C, Lorusso D, Guerra-Alia EM, Matsumoto T, Vergote I, Colombo N, Maenpaa J, Lebreton C, de Gregorio N, Mosconi AM, Rubio-Perez MJ, Bourgeois H, Fasching PA, Cecere SC, Hardy-Bessard AC, Denschlag D, de Percin S, Hanker L, Favier L, Bauerschlag D, Desauw C, Hillemanns P, Largillier R, Sehouli J, Grenier J, Pujade-Lauraine E, Ray-Coquard I; PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 investigators. Efficacy of subsequent therapies in patients with advanced ovarian cancer who relapse after first-line olaparib maintenance: results of the PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 trial. Ann Oncol. 2025 Feb;36(2):185-196. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2024.10.828. Epub 2024 Nov 9.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 38129136Lorusso D, Mouret-Reynier MA, Harter P, Cropet C, Caballero C, Wolfrum-Ristau P, Satoh T, Vergote I, Parma G, Nottrup TJ, Lebreton C, Fasching PA, Pisano C, Manso L, Bourgeois H, Runnebaum I, Zamagni C, Hardy-Bessard AC, Schnelzer A, Fabbro M, Schmalfeldt B, Berton D, Belau A, Lotz JP, Gropp-Meier M, Gladieff L, Luck HJ, Abadie-Lacourtoisie S, Pujade-Lauraine E, Ray-Coquard I. Updated progression-free survival and final overall survival with maintenance olaparib plus bevacizumab according to clinical risk in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer in the phase III PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 trial. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2024 Apr 1;34(4):550-558. doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-004995.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 37945748Callens C, Rodrigues M, Briaux A, Frouin E, Eeckhoutte A, Pujade-Lauraine E, Renault V, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Bieche I, Bataillon G, Karayan-Tapon L, Rochelle T, Heitz F, Cecere SC, Perez MJR, Grimm C, Nottrup TJ, Colombo N, Vergote I, Yonemori K, Ray-Coquard I, Stern MH, Popova T. Shallow whole genome sequencing approach to detect Homologous Recombination Deficiency in the PAOLA-1/ENGOT-OV25 phase-III trial. Oncogene. 2023 Nov;42(48):3556-3563. doi: 10.1038/s41388-023-02839-8. Epub 2023 Nov 9.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 36716415Pujade-Lauraine E, Brown J, Barnicle A, Wessen J, Lao-Sirieix P, Criscione SW, du Bois A, Lorusso D, Romero I, Petru E, Yoshida H, Vergote I, Colombo N, Hietanen S, Provansal M, Schmalfeldt B, Pignata S, Martin Lorente C, Berton D, Runnebaum IB, Ray-Coquard I. Homologous Recombination Repair Gene Mutations to Predict Olaparib Plus Bevacizumab Efficacy in the First-Line Ovarian Cancer PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 Trial. JCO Precis Oncol. 2023 Jan;7:e2200258. doi: 10.1200/PO.22.00258.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 36067615Gonzalez-Martin A, Desauw C, Heitz F, Cropet C, Gargiulo P, Berger R, Ochi H, Vergote I, Colombo N, Mirza MR, Tazi Y, Canzler U, Zamagni C, Guerra-Alia EM, Levache CB, Marme F, Bazan F, de Gregorio N, Dohollou N, Fasching PA, Scambia G, Rubio-Perez MJ, Milenkova T, Costan C, Pautier P, Ray-Coquard I; PAOLA1/ENGOT-ov25 investigators. Maintenance olaparib plus bevacizumab in patients with newly diagnosed advanced high-grade ovarian cancer: Main analysis of second progression-free survival in the phase III PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 trial. Eur J Cancer. 2022 Oct;174:221-231. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.07.022. Epub 2022 Sep 5.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 34378365Fujiwara K, Fujiwara H, Yoshida H, Satoh T, Yonemori K, Nagao S, Matsumoto T, Kobayashi H, Bourgeois H, Harter P, Mosconi AM, Vazquez IP, Reinthaller A, Fujita T, Rowe P, Pujade-Lauraine E, Ray-Coquard I. Olaparib plus bevacizumab as maintenance therapy in patients with newly diagnosed, advanced ovarian cancer: Japan subset from the PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 trial. J Gynecol Oncol. 2021 Sep;32(5):e82. doi: 10.3802/jgo.2021.32.e82.
- Olaparib plus Bevacizumab as First-Line Maintenance in Ovarian CancerLink provided by the sponsor.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Isabelle RAY COQUARD, MD, PhD principal investigator
Centre Leon Berard
163 sites in 11 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 3 study testing Olaparib in people with Ovarian Cancer, run by Arcagy Research at 163 sites in 11 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 25 inclusion and 31 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Aug 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 163 sites in Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Japan and 6 more countries. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Efficacy by progression free survival (PFS1) (time frame: phase up to a total of 15 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02477644, which also lists 11 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Aug 2022.