Coronary Artery DiseaseCARINAXNCT02486315
Treatment of Coronary ARtery bIfurcation Narrowing by AXxess Stent Implantation
An observational study of Coronary Artery Disease, run by Clinica Mediterranea.
Trial summary
The Axxess™ Biolimus A9™ Eluting Coronary Bifurcation Stent System (AXXESS System; Biosensors, International, Morges, Switzerland) is a dedicated bifurcation stent, designed to cover the lesion at the level of the carina. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Coronary Artery Disease
- What is being tested?
- AXXESS stent
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- How many people
- 326 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- Apr 2012to Jun 2015
- How long will I take part?
- 12 Months
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: all consecutive patients with de novo bifurcation lesions treated at the Clinica Mediterranea (Naples) and at the "Umberto I" University (Rome) were screened for potential inclusion in the present study.
Who may be able to join
- significant (≥70% diameter stenosis) bifurcation lesion;
- MV reference diameter between 2.75 and 4.75 mm by visually estimated
- SB reference diameter ≥2.25 mm by visual estimate;
- bifurcation angle (between the distal MV and the SB) <70° by visual estimate
Who cannot join
- patients with contraindications to prolonged dual-antiplatelet therapy,
- known sensitivity to "limus" compounds, stainless steel, titanium, or nickel;
- inclusion in others studies on bifurcation lesions; and
- all bifurcation lesions not satisfying the angiographic inclusion criteria reported above
About this study
The Axxess™ Biolimus A9™ Eluting Coronary Bifurcation Stent System (AXXESS System; Biosensors, International, Morges, Switzerland) is a dedicated bifurcation stent, designed to cover the lesion at the level of the carina. Although deemed ideal for lesions involving only the proximal MV (1,0,0 according to Medina classification ref), this device may be used also in more complex bifurcation lesions when additional DES are required in the distal MV and/or in the SB. In the present registry the investigators report the performance and the efficacy of the self-expanding biolimus-eluting AxxessTM stent for the treatment of bifurcation lesions in a real-world population.
Read the detailed description
Despite a comprehensive understanding of the physiological and technical issues regarding the coronary bifurcations lesions, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in this setting remains challenging. When compared with non-bifurcation lesions, treatment of bifurcation lesions is associated with increased adverse clinical events and inferior angiographic outcomes including procedural complications. This is due to several technical challenges, including both anatomical (proximal-to-distal vessel mismatch [tapering], angulation and calcification) and procedural (plaque shift, and side-branch [SB] closure) features. Current balloon-expandable drug-eluting stent (DES) have not been designed to treat the bifurcation lesions; in particular, the inability of DES to adequately scaffold and preserve the ostium of SB represents a the major reason of failure, because this is the most common site for restenosis. Recently a large variety of dedicated bifurcation stents have been developed in order to 1) provide an easier access to the SB and to scaffold more effectively its ostium, and 2) adapt to main vassel (MV) tapering, and to the bifurcation anatomy.
- Conditions
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Being tested
- AXXESS stent
- Keywords
- coronary bifurcation, coronary stent
- Medical subject headings
- Coronary Artery Disease
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
AXXESS stentDevice
Axxess stent is a conically-shaped, self-expanding nitinol stent, with a 0.006-inch strut thickness, specifically designed to preserve and to match the anatomy of the bifurcation at the carina level. The stent is coated with Biolimus A9™, a highly lipophilic, semi-synthetic sirolimus analogue, immersed in the biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) applied primarily to the abluminal surface. PLA completely dissolves after 6 to 9 months.The stent has 3 radiopaque markers at the distal end and one at the proximal end to aid in the visibility and placement. The AxxessTM stent is 7 Fr guiding catheter or Sheathless Guiding Catheter compatible. During the study period, the AxxessTM stent was available in 3 different diameters (3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 mm) and lengths (9, 10 and 14 mm)
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| AXXESS stent | all consecutive patients with de novo bifurcation lesions treated at the Clinica Mediterranea (Naples) and at the "Sapienza" University (Rome) were screened for potential inclusion in the present study. Inclusion angiographic criteria were: 1) significant (≥70% diameter stenosis) bifurcation lesion; 2) MV reference diameter between 2.75 and 4.75 mm by visually estimated, 3) SB reference diameter ≥2.25 mm by visual estimate; 4) bifurcation angle (between the distal MV and the SB) <70° by visual estimate. Both protected and unprotected left main bifurcation lesions were allowed to be included, provided that all previous angiographic criteria were satisfied. Patients deemed eligible underwent AXXESS stent implantation Receives: Device: AXXESS stent | |
| Control group | The control group is represented by patients with coronary bifurcation lesions treated with conventional techniques and standard balloon expandable drud eluting stents. This group was found retrospectively through a propensity score matching. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
device success
successful deployment of the AxxessTM stent into the target lesion, without system failure or device-related complication.
Measured: intraprocedural
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted1 Jul 2015 (estimated)
- Study startApr 2012
- Primary completionAug 2014
- Study completionJun 2015
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Coronary Artery DiseaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 326 participants (actual)
- Target duration
- 12 Months
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Clinica Mediterranea
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Carlo Briguori, Clinica Mediterranea
- Investigators
- Carlo Briguori, MD,PhD, Principal investigator, Clinica Mediterranea
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02486315
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- NCTC005
- Acronym
- CARINAX
- Status last verified
- Mar 2024
- First submitted
- 24 Jun 2015
- Last updated
- 5 Mar 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Latib A, Colombo A. Bifurcation disease: what do we know, what should we do? JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2008 Jun;1(3):218-26. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2007.12.008.
PubMed 19463303Wykrzykowska JJ, Grundeken MJ, Stankovic G, Di Mario C. Is there a need for dedicated devices? EuroIntervention. 2015;11 Suppl V:V139-42. doi: 10.4244/EIJV11SVA31.
PubMed 25983149Grube E, Buellesfeld L, Neumann FJ, Verheye S, Abizaid A, McClean D, Mueller R, Lansky A, Mehran R, Costa R, Gerckens U, Trauthen B, Fitzgerald PJ. Six-month clinical and angiographic results of a dedicated drug-eluting stent for the treatment of coronary bifurcation narrowings. Am J Cardiol. 2007 Jun 15;99(12):1691-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.01.043. Epub 2007 May 7.
PubMed 17560877Buysschaert I, Dubois CL, Dens J, Ormiston J, Worthley S, McClean D, Ottervanger JP, Meredith I, Uren N, Wijns W, Whitbourn R, Mehran R, Lansky AJ, Bichalska M, Meis S, Verheye S. Three-year clinical results of the Axxess Biolimus A9 eluting bifurcation stent system: the DIVERGE study. EuroIntervention. 2013 Sep;9(5):573-81. doi: 10.4244/EIJV9I5A93.
PubMed 24058075Hasegawa T, Ako J, Koo BK, Miyazawa A, Sakurai R, Chang H, Dens J, Verheye S, Grube E, Honda Y, Fitzgerald PJ. Analysis of left main coronary artery bifurcation lesions treated with biolimus-eluting DEVAX AXXESS plus nitinol self-expanding stent: intravascular ultrasound results of the AXXENT trial. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2009 Jan 1;73(1):34-41. doi: 10.1002/ccd.21765.
PubMed 19089934Garcia E, Unzue Vallejo L, Rodriguez-Rodrigo FJ. Placement of a single Axxess stent as new treatment strategy for Medina 1,0,0 left main stem bifurcation lesion. J Invasive Cardiol. 2014 Apr;26(4):E45-7.
PubMed 24717281Louvard Y, Thomas M, Dzavik V, Hildick-Smith D, Galassi AR, Pan M, Burzotta F, Zelizko M, Dudek D, Ludman P, Sheiban I, Lassen JF, Darremont O, Kastrati A, Ludwig J, Iakovou I, Brunel P, Lansky A, Meerkin D, Legrand V, Medina A, Lefevre T. Classification of coronary artery bifurcation lesions and treatments: time for a consensus! Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2008 Feb 1;71(2):175-83. doi: 10.1002/ccd.21314.
PubMed 17985377Lassen JF, Holm NR, Stankovic G, Lefevre T, Chieffo A, Hildick-Smith D, Pan M, Darremont O, Albiero R, Ferenc M, Louvard Y. Percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary bifurcation disease: consensus from the first 10 years of the European Bifurcation Club meetings. EuroIntervention. 2014 Sep;10(5):545-60. doi: 10.4244/EIJV10I5A97.
PubMed 25256198Medina A, Suarez de Lezo J, Pan M. [A new classification of coronary bifurcation lesions]. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2006 Feb;59(2):183. No abstract available. Spanish.
PubMed 16540043Noguchi T, Miyazaki MD S, Morii I, Daikoku S, Goto Y, Nonogi H. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of chronic total occlusions. Determinants of primary success and long-term clinical outcome. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2000 Mar;49(3):258-64. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1522-726x(200003)49:33.0.co;2-l.
PubMed 10700054Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Simoons ML, Chaitman BR, White HD; Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction; Katus HA, Lindahl B, Morrow DA, Clemmensen PM, Johanson P, Hod H, Underwood R, Bax JJ, Bonow RO, Pinto F, Gibbons RJ, Fox KA, Atar D, Newby LK, Galvani M, Hamm CW, Uretsky BF, Steg PG, Wijns W, Bassand JP, Menasche P, Ravkilde J, Ohman EM, Antman EM, Wallentin LC, Armstrong PW, Simoons ML, Januzzi JL, Nieminen MS, Gheorghiade M, Filippatos G, Luepker RV, Fortmann SP, Rosamond WD, Levy D, Wood D, Smith SC, Hu D, Lopez-Sendon JL, Robertson RM, Weaver D, Tendera M, Bove AA, Parkhomenko AN, Vasilieva EJ, Mendis S. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2012 Oct 16;126(16):2020-35. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e31826e1058. Epub 2012 Aug 24. No abstract available.
PubMed 22923432Behan MW, Holm NR, Curzen NP, Erglis A, Stables RH, de Belder AJ, Niemela M, Cooter N, Chew DP, Steigen TK, Oldroyd KG, Jensen JS, Lassen JF, Thuesen L, Hildick-Smith D. Simple or complex stenting for bifurcation coronary lesions: a patient-level pooled-analysis of the Nordic Bifurcation Study and the British Bifurcation Coronary Study. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2011 Feb 1;4(1):57-64. doi: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.110.958512. Epub 2011 Jan 4.
PubMed 21205942
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Mar 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Treatment of Coronary ARtery bIfurcation Narrowing by AXxess Stent Implantation
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02486315
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CARINAX / NCTC005
- Conditions
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Keywords
- coronary bifurcation, coronary stent
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 326 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Clinica MediterraneaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Apr 2012
- Primary completion
- Aug 2014 (actual)
- Study completion
- Jun 2015 (actual)
- First posted
- 1 Jul 2015 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The Axxess™ Biolimus A9™ Eluting Coronary Bifurcation Stent System (AXXESS System; Biosensors, International, Morges, Switzerland) is a dedicated bifurcation stent, designed to cover the lesion at the level of the carina. Although deemed ideal for lesions involving only the proximal MV (1,0,0 according to Medina classification ref), this device may be used also in more complex bifurcation lesions when additional DES are required in the distal MV and/or in the SB. In the present registry the investigators report the performance and the efficacy of the self-expanding biolimus-eluting AxxessTM stent for the treatment of bifurcation lesions in a real-world population.
Detailed description
Despite a comprehensive understanding of the physiological and technical issues regarding the coronary bifurcations lesions, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in this setting remains challenging. When compared with non-bifurcation lesions, treatment of bifurcation lesions is associated with increased adverse clinical events and inferior angiographic outcomes including procedural complications. This is due to several technical challenges, including both anatomical (proximal-to-distal vessel mismatch [tapering], angulation and calcification) and procedural (plaque shift, and side-branch [SB] closure) features. Current balloon-expandable drug-eluting stent (DES) have not been designed to treat the bifurcation lesions; in particular, the inability of DES to adequately scaffold and preserve the ostium of SB represents a the major reason of failure, because this is the most common site for restenosis. Recently a large variety of dedicated bifurcation stents have been developed in order to 1) provide an easier access to the SB and to scaffold more effectively its ostium, and 2) adapt to main vassel (MV) tapering, and to the bifurcation anatomy.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Target follow-up
- 12 Months
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| AXXESS stent | – | Device: AXXESS stentall consecutive patients with de novo bifurcation lesions treated at the Clinica Mediterranea (Naples) and at the "Sapienza" University (Rome) were screened for potential inclusion in the present study. Inclusion angiographic criteria were: 1) significant (≥70% diameter stenosis) bifurcation lesion; 2) MV reference diameter between 2.75 and 4.75 mm by visually estimated, 3) SB reference diameter ≥2.25 mm by visual estimate; 4) bifurcation angle (between the distal MV and the SB) <70° by visual estimate. Both protected and unprotected left main bifurcation lesions were allowed to be included, provided that all previous angiographic criteria were satisfied. Patients deemed eligible underwent AXXESS stent implantation |
| Control group | – | –The control group is represented by patients with coronary bifurcation lesions treated with conventional techniques and standard balloon expandable drud eluting stents. This group was found retrospectively through a propensity score matching. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- all consecutive patients with de novo bifurcation lesions treated at the Clinica Mediterranea (Naples) and at the "Umberto I" University (Rome) were screened for potential inclusion in the present study.
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- significant (≥70% diameter stenosis) bifurcation lesion;
- MV reference diameter between 2.75 and 4.75 mm by visually estimated
- SB reference diameter ≥2.25 mm by visual estimate;
- bifurcation angle (between the distal MV and the SB) <70° by visual estimate
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- patients with contraindications to prolonged dual-antiplatelet therapy,
- known sensitivity to "limus" compounds, stainless steel, titanium, or nickel;
- inclusion in others studies on bifurcation lesions; and
- all bifurcation lesions not satisfying the angiographic inclusion criteria reported above
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| AXXESS stentAxxess stent is a conically-shaped, self-expanding nitinol stent, with a 0.006-inch strut thickness, specifically designed to preserve and to match the anatomy of the bifurcation at the carina level. The stent is coated with Biolimus A9™, a highly lipophilic, semi-synthetic sirolimus analogue, immersed in the biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) applied primarily to the abluminal surface. PLA completely dissolves after 6 to 9 months.The stent has 3 radiopaque markers at the distal end and one at the proximal end to aid in the visibility and placement. The AxxessTM stent is 7 Fr guiding catheter or Sheathless Guiding Catheter compatible. During the study period, the AxxessTM stent was available in 3 different diameters (3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 mm) and lengths (9, 10 and 14 mm) | Device | AXXESS stent |
Primary outcome
device success
Time frame: intraprocedural
successful deployment of the AxxessTM stent into the target lesion, without system failure or device-related complication.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Mar 2024.
- Background: PubMed 19463303Latib A, Colombo A. Bifurcation disease: what do we know, what should we do? JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2008 Jun;1(3):218-26. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2007.12.008.
- Background: PubMed 25983149Wykrzykowska JJ, Grundeken MJ, Stankovic G, Di Mario C. Is there a need for dedicated devices? EuroIntervention. 2015;11 Suppl V:V139-42. doi: 10.4244/EIJV11SVA31.
- Background: PubMed 17560877Grube E, Buellesfeld L, Neumann FJ, Verheye S, Abizaid A, McClean D, Mueller R, Lansky A, Mehran R, Costa R, Gerckens U, Trauthen B, Fitzgerald PJ. Six-month clinical and angiographic results of a dedicated drug-eluting stent for the treatment of coronary bifurcation narrowings. Am J Cardiol. 2007 Jun 15;99(12):1691-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.01.043. Epub 2007 May 7.
- Background: PubMed 24058075Buysschaert I, Dubois CL, Dens J, Ormiston J, Worthley S, McClean D, Ottervanger JP, Meredith I, Uren N, Wijns W, Whitbourn R, Mehran R, Lansky AJ, Bichalska M, Meis S, Verheye S. Three-year clinical results of the Axxess Biolimus A9 eluting bifurcation stent system: the DIVERGE study. EuroIntervention. 2013 Sep;9(5):573-81. doi: 10.4244/EIJV9I5A93.
- Background: PubMed 19089934Hasegawa T, Ako J, Koo BK, Miyazawa A, Sakurai R, Chang H, Dens J, Verheye S, Grube E, Honda Y, Fitzgerald PJ. Analysis of left main coronary artery bifurcation lesions treated with biolimus-eluting DEVAX AXXESS plus nitinol self-expanding stent: intravascular ultrasound results of the AXXENT trial. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2009 Jan 1;73(1):34-41. doi: 10.1002/ccd.21765.
- Background: PubMed 24717281Garcia E, Unzue Vallejo L, Rodriguez-Rodrigo FJ. Placement of a single Axxess stent as new treatment strategy for Medina 1,0,0 left main stem bifurcation lesion. J Invasive Cardiol. 2014 Apr;26(4):E45-7.
- Background: PubMed 17985377Louvard Y, Thomas M, Dzavik V, Hildick-Smith D, Galassi AR, Pan M, Burzotta F, Zelizko M, Dudek D, Ludman P, Sheiban I, Lassen JF, Darremont O, Kastrati A, Ludwig J, Iakovou I, Brunel P, Lansky A, Meerkin D, Legrand V, Medina A, Lefevre T. Classification of coronary artery bifurcation lesions and treatments: time for a consensus! Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2008 Feb 1;71(2):175-83. doi: 10.1002/ccd.21314.
- Background: PubMed 25256198Lassen JF, Holm NR, Stankovic G, Lefevre T, Chieffo A, Hildick-Smith D, Pan M, Darremont O, Albiero R, Ferenc M, Louvard Y. Percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary bifurcation disease: consensus from the first 10 years of the European Bifurcation Club meetings. EuroIntervention. 2014 Sep;10(5):545-60. doi: 10.4244/EIJV10I5A97.
- Background: PubMed 16540043Medina A, Suarez de Lezo J, Pan M. [A new classification of coronary bifurcation lesions]. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2006 Feb;59(2):183. No abstract available. Spanish.
- Background: PubMed 10700054Noguchi T, Miyazaki MD S, Morii I, Daikoku S, Goto Y, Nonogi H. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of chronic total occlusions. Determinants of primary success and long-term clinical outcome. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2000 Mar;49(3):258-64. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1522-726x(200003)49:33.0.co;2-l.
- Background: PubMed 22923432Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Simoons ML, Chaitman BR, White HD; Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction; Katus HA, Lindahl B, Morrow DA, Clemmensen PM, Johanson P, Hod H, Underwood R, Bax JJ, Bonow RO, Pinto F, Gibbons RJ, Fox KA, Atar D, Newby LK, Galvani M, Hamm CW, Uretsky BF, Steg PG, Wijns W, Bassand JP, Menasche P, Ravkilde J, Ohman EM, Antman EM, Wallentin LC, Armstrong PW, Simoons ML, Januzzi JL, Nieminen MS, Gheorghiade M, Filippatos G, Luepker RV, Fortmann SP, Rosamond WD, Levy D, Wood D, Smith SC, Hu D, Lopez-Sendon JL, Robertson RM, Weaver D, Tendera M, Bove AA, Parkhomenko AN, Vasilieva EJ, Mendis S. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2012 Oct 16;126(16):2020-35. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e31826e1058. Epub 2012 Aug 24. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 21205942Behan MW, Holm NR, Curzen NP, Erglis A, Stables RH, de Belder AJ, Niemela M, Cooter N, Chew DP, Steigen TK, Oldroyd KG, Jensen JS, Lassen JF, Thuesen L, Hildick-Smith D. Simple or complex stenting for bifurcation coronary lesions: a patient-level pooled-analysis of the Nordic Bifurcation Study and the British Bifurcation Coronary Study. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2011 Feb 1;4(1):57-64. doi: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.110.958512. Epub 2011 Jan 4.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Carlo Briguori, MD,PhD principal investigator
Clinica Mediterranea
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Coronary Artery Disease, run by Clinica Mediterranea.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Mar 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
device success (time frame: intraprocedural). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02486315, which also lists 12 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Mar 2024.