Promoting Physical Growth and Positive Development in Severely Stunted Guatemalan Children

Change in cognitive development Z score over 6 months. Tool used: Bayley III Cognitive Development Observational Checklist. Z-scores derived internally from the entire baseline measurement data set for the study. A z-score of 0 is equal to the mean cognitive score for the study population at baseline. Lower numbers indicate values lower than the baseline study population mean mean and higher numbers indicate values higher than this mean. Higher values above zero are indicative of cognitive scores higher than mean baseline score for the study population. Lower values below zero are indicative of cognitive scores lower than mean baseline score for the study population. For outcomes, change values are calculated as 6 month (z-score) minus Baseline (z-score)

Change in socioemotional development score over 6 months. Tool used: Bayley III Socioemotional Development Parent Questionnaire. Z-scores derived internally from the entire baseline measurement data set for the study. A z-score of 0 is equal to the mean socioemotional score for the study population at baseline. Lower numbers indicate values lower than the baseline study population mean mean and higher numbers indicate values higher than this mean. Higher values above zero are indicative of socioemotional scores higher than mean baseline score for the study population. Lower values below zero are indicative of socioemotional scores lower than mean baseline score for the study population. For outcomes, change values are calculated as 6 month (z-score) minus Baseline (z-score)

Change in gross motor development score over 6 months. Tool used: Bayley III Gross Motor Observational Checklist. Z-scores derived internally from the entire baseline measurement data set for the study. A z-score of 0 is equal to the mean gross motor score for the study population at baseline. Lower numbers indicate values lower than the baseline study population mean mean and higher numbers indicate values higher than this mean. Higher values above zero are indicative of gross motor scores higher than mean baseline score for the study population. Lower values below zero are indicative of gross motor scores lower than mean baseline score for the study population. For outcomes, change values are calculated as 6 month (z-score) minus Baseline (z-score)

Change in fine motor development score over 6 months. Tool used: Bayley III Fine Motor Observational Checklist. Z-scores derived internally from the entire baseline measurement data set for the study. A z-score of 0 is equal to the mean fine motor score for the study population at baseline. Lower numbers indicate values lower than the baseline study population mean mean and higher numbers indicate values higher than this mean. Higher values above zero are indicative of fine motor scores higher than mean baseline score for the study population. Lower values below zero are indicative of fine motor scores lower than mean baseline score for the study population. For outcomes, change values are calculated as 6 month (z-score) minus Baseline (z-score)

Change in receptive language development score over 6 months. Tool used: Bayley III Receptive Language Observational Checklist. Z-scores derived internally from the entire baseline measurement data set for the study. A z-score of 0 is equal to the mean receptive language score for the study population at baseline. Lower numbers indicate values lower than the baseline study population mean mean and higher numbers indicate values higher than this mean. Higher values above zero are indicative of receptive language scores higher than mean baseline score for the study population. Lower values below zero are indicative of receptive language scores lower than mean baseline score for the study population. For outcomes, change values are calculated as 6 month (z-score) minus Baseline (z-score)

Change in expressive language development score over 6 months. Tool used: Bayley III Expressive Language Observational Checklist. Z-scores derived internally from the entire baseline measurement data set for the study. A z-score of 0 is equal to the mean expressive language score for the study population at baseline. Lower numbers indicate values lower than the baseline study population mean mean and higher numbers indicate values higher than this mean. Higher values above zero are indicative of expressive language scores higher than mean baseline score for the study population. Lower values below zero are indicative of expressive language scores lower than mean baseline score for the study population. For outcomes, change values are calculated as 6 month (z-score) minus Baseline (z-score)

Number of participants meeting the age appropriate minimum number of food groups consumed per day. This is defined according to the WHO's Infant and Young Child Feeding Indicators guidelines as greater or equal to 4 food groups consumed in the last 24 - hour period. The 7 possible food groups are: (1) grains, roots, tubers; (2) legumes, nuts; (3) dairy products; (4) flesh foods; (5) eggs; (6) vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables; (7) other fruits and vegetables.

Number of participants meetings the age-appropriate number of solid meals per day. This is defined according to the WHO's Infant and Young Child Feeding Indicators guidelines as 2 solid meals in the last 24-hour period for breastfed infants 6-8 months old; 3 solid meals in the last 24-hour period for breastfed infants 9 months or older; 4 solid meals in the last 24-hour period for non-breastfed infants.

Number of participants who meet both minimum diet diversity and minimum meal frequency indicators. Minimum diet diversity and minimum meal frequency are both defined according to the WHO's Infant and Young Child Feeding Indicators guidelines. See the entries for minimum diet diversity and minimum meal frequency in this record for more details.