Bipolar DisorderPhase 4MOBILITYNCT02515773
Metformin for Overweight & OBese ChILdren and Adolescents With BDS Treated With SGAs
A Phase 4 study testing Metformin and healthy lifestyle intervention (LIFE) in people with Bipolar Disorder, run by Melissa Delbello at 29 sites in United States.
Trial summary
A prospective, large, pragmatic, randomized trial to study the impact of METFORMIN and healthy lifestyle intervention (LIFE) vs. LIFE alone on patient-centered outcomes of body weight, SGA-adherence and satisfaction, psychiatric symptom burden (e.g. mood/anxiety), and Quality of Life. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 8 to 19 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Bipolar Disorder
- What is being tested?
- Metformin and healthy lifestyle intervention (LIFE)
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 1,565 participants
- Where
- 29 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- Dec 2015to Jun 2023
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 8 to 19 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Inpatient or outpatient age 8-19 years inclusive; participants must live with a parent, guardian, or caregiver;
- Fluent in English;
- Diagnosed or told by a clinician that they have any of the following bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD): bipolar I, bipolar II, unspecified bipolar and related disorders, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD), cyclothymic disorder, other specified bipolar and related disorders, as well as mood disorder not otherwise specified (if diagnosed in the past as per DSM-IV);
- Body mass index >85%ile for age and sex by standard growth charts;
- Received a new or ongoing prescription for at least one SGA (i.e., olanzapine, clozapine, risperidone, quetiapine, aripiprazole, ziprasidone, iloperidone, lurasidone, paliperidone, brexpiprazole or cariprazine) that is not prescribed as a PRN medication;
Who cannot join
- Patients will be excluded if they have had exposure to a total daily dose of MET 1000 mg bid for at least 2 weeks in the past 3 months;
- Patients will be excluded if they could not tolerate MET during the recommended titration schedule outlined in the protocol;
- Major neurological or medical illnesses that affect weight gain (e.g., unstable thyroid disease) or require a systemic medication that might impact weight or glucose regulation (e.g., diabetes mellitus [insulin], chronic renal failure [steroids]);
- Fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL on 2 occasions during screening indicating need for prompt treatment;
- If lab results are available in the last 6 months, then a serum creatinine ≥1.3 mg/dL on 2 occasions during screening and/or follow-up, indicating potential impairment of renal functioning;
- Pregnant or breast feeding;
- Children and caregivers who are unable to complete assessments for any reason;
Trial locations and contacts
29 sites in 1 country.
29 sites in 1 country
United States29 sites
South Oaks
Amityville, New York, 11701
Seton Family of Hospitals
Austin, Texas, 78712
SUNY Downstate/ Kings County Hospital
Brooklyn, New York, 11203
Maimonides
Brooklyn, New York, 11219
NYCCC
Brooklyn, New York, 11233
Lighthouse Youth Services
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45206
Central Clinic
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45219
Children's Home
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45227
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229
Resident Mood Medication Clinic
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229
St. Aloysius
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45237
Talbert House
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45238
St. Joseph's Orphanage
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45239
Child Focus
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45244
NECCO
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45246
University Hospital Medical Center Cleveland
Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus
Columbus, Ohio, 43205
Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio, 43210
The Children's Home of Northern Kentucky
Covington, Kentucky, 41011
South Community
Dayton, Ohio
Northwell Zucker Long Island Jewish Hospital
Glen Oaks, New York, 11004
Butler Behavioral Health Services
Hamilton, Ohio, 45011
Jersey Shore Medical Center
Neptune City, New Jersey, 07753
Mount Sinai
New York, New York, 10029
LIJ Zucker Hillside Hospital
New York, New York, 11004
Child Center of New York,
Queens, New York, 11373
NorthShore Child and Family Guidance
Roslyn Heights, New York, 11577
StonyBrook
Stony Brook, New York, 11794
TCN Family Solutions
Xenia, Ohio, 45385
About this study
Official title: MOBILITY- Metformin for Overweight & OBese ChILdren and Adolescents With BIpolar Spectrum Disorders Treated With Second-Generation AntipsYchotics
A prospective, large, pragmatic, randomized trial to study the impact of METFORMIN and healthy lifestyle intervention (LIFE) vs. LIFE alone on patient-centered outcomes of body weight, SGA-adherence and satisfaction, psychiatric symptom burden (e.g. mood/anxiety), and Quality of Life.
Read the detailed description
The investigators propose to recruit 1800 overweight/obese youth with Bipolar Spectrum Disorder (BSD) who are prescribed second generation anti psychotics (SGAs) from at least 24 public and private mental health practices in the Greater Cincinnati and New York City regions, (approximately 900 each from ~12 Cincinnati region and ~12 Long Island/New York mental health treatment sites) to participate in the proposed patient-centered large pragmatic trial examining the effectiveness of MET and LIFE vs. LIFE alone. Patients will be eligible if they are ages 8-17 years old, inclusive, overweight or obese (BMI > 85%), continuing or starting treatment with at least one SGA (i.e., olanzapine, clozapine, risperidone, quetiapine, aripiprazole, ziprasidone, iloperidone, lurasidone, paliperidone, or asenapine) and have a clinical diagnosis of BSD (bipolar I or II disorder, cyclothymia, or bipolar or mood disorder not otherwise specified [or by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V (DSM-5), other specified bipolar or mood disorder). The enrollment rate will be 2-3 patients/month/site for a recruitment time of 30 months.
- Conditions
- Bipolar Disorder
- Being tested
- Metformin, healthy lifestyle intervention (LIFE)
- Medical subject headings
- Bipolar Disorder
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
MetforminDrug
Also called GLUCOPHAGE
Metformin - to achieves maximum insulin-sensitizing effects
healthy lifestyle intervention (LIFE)Behavioural
Also called LIFE
Healthy Life style intervention
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| MET and LIFE | Experimental | Participants randomized to this group will receive both Metformin and lifestyle intervention.Participants randomized to treatment with MET will start at a dose of 500 mg orally at night and slowly titrated in 2-week intervals to ensure that each patient achieves maximum insulin-sensitizing effects of the drug while minimizing the chance of side effects. Investigators will also recommend that MET be taken with food to minimize side effects. If a participant's BMI percentile <5% (=underweight) his/her treatment with MET will be discontinued. Although the risk of low vitamin B12 while taking MET is associated with age > 50 years and having type II diabetes, Investigator will monitor B12 levels and a CBC throughout study participation. Receives: Drug: Metformin; Behavioral: healthy lifestyle intervention (LIFE) |
| Healthy lifestyle intervention (LIFE) | Experimental | Participants randomized to this group will receive just lifestyle intervention alone.This healthy lifestyle intervention (LIFE) consists of counseling participants and families regarding a healthy eating plan, physical activity and sedentary activities. Prior to study initiation, clinical site staff will participate in a live (or taped) training session from a dietician to lean to administer LIFE. A trained site staff member (e.g. medical assistant or case manager) will meet with participants and their families for a 15-20 minute session at baseline that will focus on nutritional issues using the Traffic Light Plan (TLP). Receives: Behavioral: healthy lifestyle intervention (LIFE) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in BMI Z-score From Baseline to Month 6 in ITT Sample
Raw body mass index (BMI) is calculated as (weight(kg)/ height(m)2). This raw BMI value is converted to a normalized BMI z-score, adjusted for age and sex using US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. A z-score equal to 0 indicates the population mean and larger z-scores are heavier weights and worse outcomes.
Measured: Baseline to Month 6
Change in BMI Z-score From Baseline to Month 24 in ITT Sample
Raw body mass index (BMI) is calculated as (weight(kg)/ height(m)2). This raw BMI value is converted to a normalized BMI z-score, adjusted for age and sex using US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. A z-score equal to 0 indicates the population mean and larger z-scores are heavier weights and worse outcomes.
Measured: Baseline to Month 24
Change in BMI Z-score From Baseline to Month 6 in Per Protocol Sample
Raw body mass index (BMI) is calculated as (weight(kg)/ height(m)2). This raw BMI value is converted to a normalized BMI z-score, adjusted for age and sex using US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. A z-score equal to 0 indicates the population mean and larger z-scores are heavier weights and worse outcomes.
Measured: Baseline to Month 6
Change in BMI Z-score From Baseline to Month 24 in Per Protocol Sample
Raw body mass index (BMI) is calculated as (weight(kg)/ height(m)2). This raw BMI value is converted to a normalized BMI z-score, adjusted for age and sex using US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. A z-score equal to 0 indicates the population mean and larger z-scores are heavier weights and worse outcomes.
Measured: Baseline to Month 24
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Aug 2015 (estimated)
- Study startDec 2015
- Primary completionDec 2022
- Study completionJun 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Bipolar DisorderStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 1,565 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Melissa Delbello
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Melissa Delbello, University of Cincinnati
- Investigators
- Melissa P DelBello, MD, MS, Principal investigator, University of Cincinnati
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02515773
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- DelBello PCORI
- Acronym
- MOBILITY
- Status last verified
- Dec 2024
- First submitted
- 31 Jul 2015
- Last updated
- 14 Jan 2025
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
DelBello MP, Welge JA, Klein CC, Blom TJ, Fornari V, Higdon C, Sorter MT, Kurtz B, Starr C, Smith A, Huang B, Chen C, Modi AC, Crimmins N, Correll CU; MOBILITY Consortium. Metformin for overweight and obese children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum and related mood disorders treated with second-generation antipsychotics: a randomised, pragmatic trial. Lancet Psychiatry. 2025 Dec;12(12):893-905. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(25)00273-1.
PubMed 41233082Higdon C, Welge JA, Crimmins NA, Klein CC, Fornari VM, Sorter MT, Blom TJ, Kurtz BP, Correll CU, DelBello MP. Metabolic syndrome in youth with bipolar spectrum disorders treated with second-generation antipsychotics: baseline results from the community-based pragmatic MOBILITY Trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2025 Sep;34(9):2917-2929. doi: 10.1007/s00787-025-02680-2. Epub 2025 Apr 11.
PubMed 40214755Welge JA, Correll CU, Sorter MT, Fornari VM, Blom TJ, Carle AC, Huang B, Klein CC, DelBello MP. Metformin for Overweight and Obese Children With Bipolar Spectrum Disorders Treated With Second-Generation Antipsychotics (MOBILITY): Protocol and Methodological Considerations for a Large Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial. JAACAP Open. 2023 Mar 13;1(1):60-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.03.004. eCollection 2023 Jun.
PubMed 39554834
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Jan 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- MOBILITY- Metformin for Overweight & OBese ChILdren and Adolescents With BIpolar Spectrum Disorders Treated With Second-Generation AntipsYchotics
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02515773
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- MOBILITY / DelBello PCORI
- Conditions
- Bipolar Disorder
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 1,565 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Melissa DelbelloUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute
- Study start
- Dec 2015
- Primary completion
- Dec 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- Jun 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 5 Aug 2015 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 14 Jan 2025
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
A prospective, large, pragmatic, randomized trial to study the impact of METFORMIN and healthy lifestyle intervention (LIFE) vs. LIFE alone on patient-centered outcomes of body weight, SGA-adherence and satisfaction, psychiatric symptom burden (e.g. mood/anxiety), and Quality of Life.
Detailed description
The investigators propose to recruit 1800 overweight/obese youth with Bipolar Spectrum Disorder (BSD) who are prescribed second generation anti psychotics (SGAs) from at least 24 public and private mental health practices in the Greater Cincinnati and New York City regions, (approximately 900 each from ~12 Cincinnati region and ~12 Long Island/New York mental health treatment sites) to participate in the proposed patient-centered large pragmatic trial examining the effectiveness of MET and LIFE vs. LIFE alone. Patients will be eligible if they are ages 8-17 years old, inclusive, overweight or obese (BMI > 85%), continuing or starting treatment with at least one SGA (i.e., olanzapine, clozapine, risperidone, quetiapine, aripiprazole, ziprasidone, iloperidone, lurasidone, paliperidone, or asenapine) and have a clinical diagnosis of BSD (bipolar I or II disorder, cyclothymia, or bipolar or mood disorder not otherwise specified [or by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V (DSM-5), other specified bipolar or mood disorder). The enrollment rate will be 2-3 patients/month/site for a recruitment time of 30 months.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| MET and LIFE | Experimental | Drug: Metformin, Behavioral: healthy lifestyle intervention (LIFE)Participants randomized to this group will receive both Metformin and lifestyle intervention.Participants randomized to treatment with MET will start at a dose of 500 mg orally at night and slowly titrated in 2-week intervals to ensure that each patient achieves maximum insulin-sensitizing effects of the drug while minimizing the chance of side effects. Investigators will also recommend that MET be taken with food to minimize side effects. If a participant's BMI percentile <5% (=underweight) his/her treatment with MET will be discontinued. Although the risk of low vitamin B12 while taking MET is associated with age > 50 years and having type II diabetes, Investigator will monitor B12 levels and a CBC throughout study participation. |
| Healthy lifestyle intervention (LIFE) | Experimental | Behavioral: healthy lifestyle intervention (LIFE)Participants randomized to this group will receive just lifestyle intervention alone.This healthy lifestyle intervention (LIFE) consists of counseling participants and families regarding a healthy eating plan, physical activity and sedentary activities. Prior to study initiation, clinical site staff will participate in a live (or taped) training session from a dietician to lean to administer LIFE. A trained site staff member (e.g. medical assistant or case manager) will meet with participants and their families for a 15-20 minute session at baseline that will focus on nutritional issues using the Traffic Light Plan (TLP). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 8 to 19 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Inpatient or outpatient age 8-19 years inclusive; participants must live with a parent, guardian, or caregiver;
- Fluent in English;
- Diagnosed or told by a clinician that they have any of the following bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD): bipolar I, bipolar II, unspecified bipolar and related disorders, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD), cyclothymic disorder, other specified bipolar and related disorders, as well as mood disorder not otherwise specified (if diagnosed in the past as per DSM-IV);
- Body mass index >85%ile for age and sex by standard growth charts;
- Received a new or ongoing prescription for at least one SGA (i.e., olanzapine, clozapine, risperidone, quetiapine, aripiprazole, ziprasidone, iloperidone, lurasidone, paliperidone, brexpiprazole or cariprazine) that is not prescribed as a PRN medication;
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Patients will be excluded if they have had exposure to a total daily dose of MET 1000 mg bid for at least 2 weeks in the past 3 months;
- Patients will be excluded if they could not tolerate MET during the recommended titration schedule outlined in the protocol;
- Major neurological or medical illnesses that affect weight gain (e.g., unstable thyroid disease) or require a systemic medication that might impact weight or glucose regulation (e.g., diabetes mellitus [insulin], chronic renal failure [steroids]);
- Fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL on 2 occasions during screening indicating need for prompt treatment;
- If lab results are available in the last 6 months, then a serum creatinine ≥1.3 mg/dL on 2 occasions during screening and/or follow-up, indicating potential impairment of renal functioning;
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| MetforminAlso: GLUCOPHAGEMetformin - to achieves maximum insulin-sensitizing effects | Drug | MET and LIFE |
| healthy lifestyle intervention (LIFE)Also: LIFEHealthy Life style intervention | Behavioural | Healthy lifestyle intervention (LIFE), MET and LIFE |
Primary outcome
Change in BMI Z-score From Baseline to Month 6 in ITT Sample
Time frame: Baseline to Month 6
Raw body mass index (BMI) is calculated as (weight(kg)/ height(m)2). This raw BMI value is converted to a normalized BMI z-score, adjusted for age and sex using US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. A z-score equal to 0 indicates the population mean and larger z-scores are heavier weights and worse outcomes.
Change in BMI Z-score From Baseline to Month 24 in ITT Sample
Time frame: Baseline to Month 24
Raw body mass index (BMI) is calculated as (weight(kg)/ height(m)2). This raw BMI value is converted to a normalized BMI z-score, adjusted for age and sex using US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. A z-score equal to 0 indicates the population mean and larger z-scores are heavier weights and worse outcomes.
Change in BMI Z-score From Baseline to Month 6 in Per Protocol Sample
Time frame: Baseline to Month 6
Raw body mass index (BMI) is calculated as (weight(kg)/ height(m)2). This raw BMI value is converted to a normalized BMI z-score, adjusted for age and sex using US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. A z-score equal to 0 indicates the population mean and larger z-scores are heavier weights and worse outcomes.
Change in BMI Z-score From Baseline to Month 24 in Per Protocol Sample
Time frame: Baseline to Month 24
Raw body mass index (BMI) is calculated as (weight(kg)/ height(m)2). This raw BMI value is converted to a normalized BMI z-score, adjusted for age and sex using US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. A z-score equal to 0 indicates the population mean and larger z-scores are heavier weights and worse outcomes.
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Jan 2025.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 41233082DelBello MP, Welge JA, Klein CC, Blom TJ, Fornari V, Higdon C, Sorter MT, Kurtz B, Starr C, Smith A, Huang B, Chen C, Modi AC, Crimmins N, Correll CU; MOBILITY Consortium. Metformin for overweight and obese children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum and related mood disorders treated with second-generation antipsychotics: a randomised, pragmatic trial. Lancet Psychiatry. 2025 Dec;12(12):893-905. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(25)00273-1.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 40214755Higdon C, Welge JA, Crimmins NA, Klein CC, Fornari VM, Sorter MT, Blom TJ, Kurtz BP, Correll CU, DelBello MP. Metabolic syndrome in youth with bipolar spectrum disorders treated with second-generation antipsychotics: baseline results from the community-based pragmatic MOBILITY Trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2025 Sep;34(9):2917-2929. doi: 10.1007/s00787-025-02680-2. Epub 2025 Apr 11.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39554834Welge JA, Correll CU, Sorter MT, Fornari VM, Blom TJ, Carle AC, Huang B, Klein CC, DelBello MP. Metformin for Overweight and Obese Children With Bipolar Spectrum Disorders Treated With Second-Generation Antipsychotics (MOBILITY): Protocol and Methodological Considerations for a Large Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial. JAACAP Open. 2023 Mar 13;1(1):60-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.03.004. eCollection 2023 Jun.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Melissa P DelBello, MD, MS principal investigator
University of Cincinnati
29 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing Metformin and healthy lifestyle intervention (LIFE) in people with Bipolar Disorder, run by Melissa Delbello at 29 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Jan 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 29 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 14 Jan 2025). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in BMI Z-score From Baseline to Month 6 in ITT Sample (time frame: Baseline to Month 6). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02515773, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Jan 2025.