Liver DiseaseNCT02520609
Dynamic Post-Prandial Metabolism in Patients With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
An observational study of Liver Disease and Fatty Liver, run by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Background: Metabolism refers to the many chemical pathways by which various compounds, including food, are processed and used in the body. People with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have too much fat in their liver cells, but what causes it is unclear. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Liver Disease, Fatty Liver
- How many people
- 53 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 28 Oct 2015to 14 May 2020
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Community Sample
Who may be able to join
- For the entire cohort:
- Male or female aged > 18 years
- Ability to provide informed consent
- For group 1 subjects (NAFLD)
- Biopsy-proven NAFLD within 2 years prior to screening, OR
- The presence of at least two of the following criteria:
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- Suggestion of liver fat by an imaging study (ultrasound, CT scan, MRI or MR spectroscopy) performed in the 6 months prior to screening
- Elevated aminotransferase levels (ALT > 31 U/L for men or > 19 U/L for women, or AST > 30 U/L) on at least two occasions in the 6 months preceding enrollment.
- Presence of the metabolic syndrome, defined according to the modified AHA/NCEP criteria as the presence of at least three of:
- Abdominal obesity, defined as waist circumference > 102 cm for men or > 88 cm for women
- Elevated triglycerides (> 150 mg/dL) or the use of medication to lower triglycerides
- Reduced HDL cholesterol (< 40 mg/DL for men or < 50 mg/dL for women)
- Elevated blood pressure (> 135/80 mmHg) or use of medication for hypertension
- Elevated fasting glucose levels (> 100 mg/dL) or use of anti-diabetic medication
- For the purpose of inclusion, the presence of overt diabetes mellitus type 2 will be considered equivalent to the presence of the metabolic syndrome, even if the other criteria are absent.
- For group 2 subjects (non-NAFLD metabolic syndrome):
- Evidence of metabolic syndrome
- Normal transaminases (ALT less than or equal to 31 U/L for men or less than or equal to 19 U/L for women, or AST less than or equal to 30 U/L) at screening
- Absence of liver fat by imaging or liver biopsy within 6 months of screening
- For group 3 subjects (healthy volunteers):
- No history of known liver disease
- Not on any regular systemic medications (with the exception of oral contraceptives)
- BMI <= 25 kg/m2
- Non diabetic
- Normal transaminases and fasting glucose (<95 mg/dL)
Who cannot join
- Concomitant liver disease such as autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, Wilson s disease, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
- Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV). Patients who were treated successfully for HCV and achieved sustained virological response can be eligible for enrollment > 18 months after treatment cessation. Patients receiving antiviral therapy are ineligible.
- Estimated average alcohol consumption > 30 g/d for men or > 20 g/d for women in the 6 months prior to enrollment, or binge-drinking behavior .
- Gain or loss of > 10% body weight within the 6 months prior to enrollment.
- Decompensated liver cirrhosis, defined as a past or present occurrence of a decompensation event (variceal bleeding, ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, encephalopathy or hepatocellular carcinoma or by albumin < 3 g/dl, PT > 3 seconds above the upper limit of the norm, platelet count < 70,000 or total bilirubin > 2 mg/dL (in the absence of Gilbert s syndrome).
- Pregnancy or lactation
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- Treatment with medications known to cause fatty liver disease such as atypical neuroleptics, tetracycline, methotrexate or tamoxifen
- Disorders interfering with substrate absorption such as gastric bypass surgery, malabsorption disorders, use of orlistat or bile acid sequestrants, or extensive small bowel resection.
- Diabetic patients requiring insulin treatment
- Lactose intolerance or allergy to Ensure or one or more of its components
- Hyper/hypothyroidism
- Inability to remain sedentary for 4 hours, or to remain for 26-30 hours in the metabolic chamber
- Inability to obtain vascular access for the required blood samples
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
About this study
Background:
Metabolism refers to the many chemical pathways by which various compounds, including food, are processed and used in the body. People with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have too much fat in their liver cells, but what causes it is unclear. One explanation is that people with NAFLD process food and metabolize it differently than people without NAFLD. Researchers want to compare how food is metabolized in people with and without NAFLD.
Read more
Objective:
To better understand how food intake influences the development and progression of NAFLD.
Eligibility:
People ages 18 and older with NAFLD or with a non-NAFLD metabolic syndrome
Healthy volunteers ages 18 and older
Design:
Participants will be screened with medical history, surveys, physical exam, and blood tests. This will have ultrasound of the abdomen. This uses sound waves to image internal organs.
Participants will stay at the Clinical Center for 2 nights.
They will fast he first night.
On the second day they will:
Have their metabolism monitored in a metabolism research room for 24 hours
Have a catheter inserted into an arm vein for several blood tests
Drink an Ensure Plus for breakfast
Have solid meals for lunch and dinner
Have several urine tests.
The final morning, they will:
Have more blood tests.
Have a DXA test to measure the fat in the body. They will lie on their backs for 15-25 minutes while an x-ray machine is positioned over areas of the body.
...
Read the detailed description
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common hepatic disorder in the Western world and is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Excessive caloric intake and specific nutritional components have been implicated in its pathogenesis, but the complex metabolic pathways linking nutrient consumption with hepatic fat accumulation have not yet been fully elucidated. Analysis of pathophysiology and the search for biomarkers in NAFLD has largely focused on fasting samples; the dynamic response to a caloric load has not been interrogated, beyond glucose tolerance testing. Metabolomics is a novel high-throughput technique, allowing for simultaneous detection of hundreds to thousands of metabolites, and the evaluation of their interconnectivity and causal relationships. We propose a pilot study to investigate the metabolic response of patients with NAFLD to a standardized food challenge, by applying a metabolomics-based dynamic approach. In this study we will recruit up to 50 patients with NAFLD and compare them to 12 controls with metabolic syndrome without NAFLD, and 12 healthy controls. Following an overnight fast, subjects will be situated in a metabolic chamber for continuous measurement of metabolic rates and will be given a liquid mixed meal containing approximately 30% of daily caloric requirement over a period of 15 minutes. The energy expenditure (EE) and respiratory quotient (RQ), reflecting preference for carbohydrate or fat oxidation, will be measured at 1-minute resolution. Blood will be drawn at baseline, and at 30 min, 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours after ingestion. Plasma will be separated and stored in -80 (Infinite)C. Following completion of recruitment, stored samples will be analyzed at the NCI Laboratory of Metabolism by LC/MS and GC/MS, metabolites of interest identified, and individual metabolites quantitated and normalized to their pre-prandial level. Study results will hopefully identify novel metabolic markers of disease, and uncover altered signaling pathways unique to NAFLD that are activated primarily under fed state conditions.
- Conditions
- Liver Disease, Fatty Liver
- Keywords
- Metabolomics, Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Energy Expenditure, Natural History
- Medical subject headings
- Liver Diseases, Fatty Liver, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Healthy volunteers | Healthy volunteers | |
| Patients with metabolic syndrome without NAFLD | Patients with metabolic syndrome without NAFLD | |
| Patients with NAFLD | Patients with NAFLD |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Metabolomics readout
Plasma metabolomic Readout
Measured: One point measure
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Aug 2015 (estimated)
- Study start28 Oct 2015
- Primary completion14 May 2020
- Study completion14 May 2020
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Liver DiseaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)The sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 53 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Sponsor type
- US National Institutes of Health
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Yaron Rotman, M.D., Principal investigator, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02520609
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 150174
- Other IDs
- 15-DK-0174
- Status last verified
- 3 Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 8 Aug 2015
- Last updated
- 29 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Jakhar N, Seibel T, Mironova M, Meessen C, Clusmann J, Chen Y, Raju TB, Koop PH, Pearce JE, Costa IG, Stiehl T, Schuppert A, Schneider KM, Rotman Y, Schneider CV. Distinct Plasma Proteomic Signatures Distinguish MASLD From Non-Steatotic Individuals but Not From MetALD. Liver Int. 2026 Oct;46(10):e70873. doi: 10.1111/liv.70873.
PubMed 42809338
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Dynamic Post-Prandial Metabolism in Patients With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02520609
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 150174
- Conditions
- Liver Disease, Fatty Liver
- Keywords
- Metabolomics, Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Energy Expenditure, Natural History
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 53 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)US National Institutes of Health
- Study start
- 28 Oct 2015 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 14 May 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 14 May 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 13 Aug 2015 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Background:
Metabolism refers to the many chemical pathways by which various compounds, including food, are processed and used in the body. People with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have too much fat in their liver cells, but what causes it is unclear. One explanation is that people with NAFLD process food and metabolize it differently than people without NAFLD. Researchers want to compare how food is metabolized in people with and without NAFLD.
Objective:
To better understand how food intake influences the development and progression of NAFLD.
Eligibility:
People ages 18 and older with NAFLD or with a non-NAFLD metabolic syndrome
Healthy volunteers ages 18 and older
Design:
Participants will be screened with medical history, surveys, physical exam, and blood tests. This will have ultrasound of the abdomen. This uses sound waves to image internal organs.
Participants will stay at the Clinical Center for 2 nights.
They will fast he first night.
On the second day they will:
Have their metabolism monitored in a metabolism research room for 24 hours
Have a catheter inserted into an arm vein for several blood tests
Drink an Ensure Plus for breakfast
Have solid meals for lunch and dinner
Have several urine tests.
The final morning, they will:
Have more blood tests.
Have a DXA test to measure the fat in the body. They will lie on their backs for 15-25 minutes while an x-ray machine is positioned over areas of the body.
...
Detailed description
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common hepatic disorder in the Western world and is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Excessive caloric intake and specific nutritional components have been implicated in its pathogenesis, but the complex metabolic pathways linking nutrient consumption with hepatic fat accumulation have not yet been fully elucidated. Analysis of pathophysiology and the search for biomarkers in NAFLD has largely focused on fasting samples; the dynamic response to a caloric load has not been interrogated, beyond glucose tolerance testing. Metabolomics is a novel high-throughput technique, allowing for simultaneous detection of hundreds to thousands of metabolites, and the evaluation of their interconnectivity and causal relationships. We propose a pilot study to investigate the metabolic response of patients with NAFLD to a standardized food challenge, by applying a metabolomics-based dynamic approach. In this study we will recruit up to 50 patients with NAFLD and compare them to 12 controls with metabolic syndrome without NAFLD, and 12 healthy controls. Following an overnight fast, subjects will be situated in a metabolic chamber for continuous measurement of metabolic rates and will be given a liquid mixed meal containing approximately 30% of daily caloric requirement over a period of 15 minutes. The energy expenditure (EE) and respiratory quotient (RQ), reflecting preference for carbohydrate or fat oxidation, will be measured at 1-minute resolution. Blood will be drawn at baseline, and at 30 min, 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours after ingestion. Plasma will be separated and stored in -80 (Infinite)C. Following completion of recruitment, stored samples will be analyzed at the NCI Laboratory of Metabolism by LC/MS and GC/MS, metabolites of interest identified, and individual metabolites quantitated and normalized to their pre-prandial level. Study results will hopefully identify novel metabolic markers of disease, and uncover altered signaling pathways unique to NAFLD that are activated primarily under fed state conditions.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Healthy volunteers | – | –Healthy volunteers |
| Patients with metabolic syndrome without NAFLD | – | –Patients with metabolic syndrome without NAFLD |
| Patients with NAFLD | – | –Patients with NAFLD |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Community Sample
Key inclusion criteria (25 listed)
- Male or female aged > 18 years
- Ability to provide informed consent
- For group 1 subjects (NAFLD)
- Biopsy-proven NAFLD within 2 years prior to screening, OR
- The presence of at least two of the following criteria:
Key exclusion criteria (13 listed)
- Concomitant liver disease such as autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, Wilson s disease, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
- Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV). Patients who were treated successfully for HCV and achieved sustained virological response can be eligible for enrollment > 18 months after treatment cessation. Patients receiving antiviral therapy are ineligible.
- Estimated average alcohol consumption > 30 g/d for men or > 20 g/d for women in the 6 months prior to enrollment, or binge-drinking behavior .
- Gain or loss of > 10% body weight within the 6 months prior to enrollment.
- Decompensated liver cirrhosis, defined as a past or present occurrence of a decompensation event (variceal bleeding, ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, encephalopathy or hepatocellular carcinoma or by albumin < 3 g/dl, PT > 3 seconds above the upper limit of the norm, platelet count < 70,000 or total bilirubin > 2 mg/dL (in the absence of Gilbert s syndrome).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Metabolomics readout
Time frame: One point measure
Plasma metabolomic Readout
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Oct 2026.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42809338Jakhar N, Seibel T, Mironova M, Meessen C, Clusmann J, Chen Y, Raju TB, Koop PH, Pearce JE, Costa IG, Stiehl T, Schuppert A, Schneider KM, Rotman Y, Schneider CV. Distinct Plasma Proteomic Signatures Distinguish MASLD From Non-Steatotic Individuals but Not From MetALD. Liver Int. 2026 Oct;46(10):e70873. doi: 10.1111/liv.70873.
- NIH Clinical Center Detailed Web PageLink provided by the sponsor.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Yaron Rotman, M.D. principal investigator
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Liver Disease and Fatty Liver, run by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 25 inclusion and 13 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Metabolomics readout (time frame: One point measure). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02520609, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Oct 2026.