Advanced Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (CCRCC)Phase 1/2NCT02535533
SLM + Axitinib for Clear Cell RCC
A Phase 1/2 study testing Selenomethionine (SLM) and Axitinib in people with Advanced Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (CCRCC), run by Mohammed Milhem at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This phase I trial studies the side effects and best dose of L-selenomethionine when given together with axitinib in treating patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma that has spread from the primary site (place where it started) to other places in the body and usually cannot be cured or controlled with treatment… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Advanced Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (CCRCC)
- What is being tested?
- Selenomethionine (SLM) and Axitinib
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 45 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Jan 2016to 4 Apr 2025
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Each patient must meet all of the following criteria to be enrolled in this study:
- Histologically and radiologically confirmed advanced metastatic CCRCC in patients who have had at least one prior systemic therapy, which can include axitinib for the dose escalation part. In the expansion and pilot phases, patients with prior axitinib are allowed, as long as the last dose of axitinib was longer than 6 months ago.
- Written and voluntary informed consent.
- At least one Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST)-defined target lesion. *Patient must have documented disease progression.
- Renal function (creatinine level within normal institutional limit, or creatinine clearance >15 mL/min/1.73 m2 for patients with creatinine levels above institutional normal, calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula).
- Liver function (AST/ALT <2.5 X institutional upper limit of normal OR < 5 x institutional upper limit of normal in cases of liver metastases; Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times ULN.)
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- Adequate hematological lab values including;
- Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) ≥ 1.0 x 109/L
- Platelets ≥ 100 x 109/L
- Hemoglobin ≥ 7.0 g/dL
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 (fully active, able to carry on all pre-disease performance without restriction), 1 (restricted in physically strenuous activity but ambulatory and able to carry out work of a light or sedentary nature, such as light housework or office work) or 2 (Ambulatory and capable of all self-care but unable to carry out any work activities; up and about more than 50% of waking hours).
- Age of at least 18 years.
- Life expectancy of 12 weeks and more.
- 2 weeks or more since end of previous systemic treatment (4 weeks or more for bevacizumab plus interferon-alfa). 3 days wash out for palliative radiation.
- Must have a safely accessible biopsy per treating physician and the provider performing that biopsy. Patient must agree to have this biopsy done as outlined in the calendar. If patient does not have safely accessible biopsy, the patient may still be enrolled per investigator discretion.
Who cannot join
- Patients eligible for this study must not meet any of the following criteria:
- Patients with prior malignancies of the same or different tumor type in the last 5 years and patients with concurrent malignancies of the same or different tumor type UNLESS the natural history of the disease or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational drug.
- Symptomatic untreated metastases in the central nervous system.
- Subject that is pregnant or lactating.
- Pre-existing uncontrolled hypertension defined as > 150/90 mm Hg with medication.
- Present use or anticipated need for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4-inhibiting, CYP3A4-inducing drugs (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, clarithromycin, atazanavir, indinavir, nefazodone, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, telithromycin, and voriconazole, rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifabutin, rifapentin, phenobarbital, and St. John's wort, bosentan, efavirenz, etravirine, modafinil, and nafcillin).Myocardial infarction, uncontrolled angina, congestive heart failure, or cerebrovascular accident within previous 6 months. Subjects with history of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, at provider discretion.
- Major surgery within 4 weeks of starting study treatment.
- Known HIV or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related disease.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
About this study
Official title: A Therapeutic Trial for Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of the Combination of Axitinib and Seleniomethionine (SLM) for Adult Patients With Advanced Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (CCRCC)
This phase I trial studies the side effects and best dose of L-selenomethionine when given together with axitinib in treating patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma that has spread from the primary site (place where it started) to other places in the body and usually cannot be cured or controlled with treatment (advanced metastatic). L-selenomethionine may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking the growth of new blood vessels necessary for tumor growth. Axitinib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Giving L-selenomethionine together with axitinib may be a better treatment for advanced metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
Read the detailed description
This is a Phase I trial for safety and preliminary efficacy of the combination of axitinib and SLM for adult patients with advanced metastatic CCRCC. This will be a two part study consisting of a dose escalation and expansion study.
Dose-Escalation Part 1 (6-12 patients): SLM will be given twice daily for 14 days followed by once daily dosing in combination with axitinib 5 mg twice daily with titration according to package insert in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Treatment will continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The MTD was determined to be 4000 mcg SLM.
Expansion Part 2: In this phase (approximately 19 patients), will be treated at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of SLM determined in the Escalation Part 1. It will be given orally twice daily for 14 days, followed by once daily dosing in combination with axitinib 5 mg twice daily with titration according to package insert in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Treatment will continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
A pilot group of 10 subjects will have SLM dose calculated based on patients' BSA to characterize the dose-concentration relationship and estimate the effective administered dose of selenium necessary to achieve the target blood concentration range informed by preclinical data.
- Being tested
- Selenomethionine (SLM), Axitinib
- Keywords
- Kidney cancer, Selenium (Se)
- Medical subject headings
- Kidney Neoplasms
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Selenomethionine (SLM)Drug
SLM administrated orally twice daily for 14 days followed by SLM once daily in combination with Axitinib 5 mg twice daily with titration according to package insert
AxitinibDrug
Following SLM administrated orally twice daily for 14 days, SLM once daily in combination with Axitinib 5 mg twice daily with titration according to package insert
Selenomethionine (SLM)Drug
Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of SLM determined in the Escalation Part 1 (4000 mcg SLM) given orally twice daily for 14 days, followed by SLM once daily in combination with axitinib 5 mg twice daily with titration according to package insert
AxitinibDrug
Following maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of SLM determined in the Escalation Part 1 (4000 mcg SLM) given orally twice daily for 14 days, SLM once daily in combination with axitinib 5 mg twice daily with titration according to package insert
Selenomethionine (SLM)Drug
Pilot Phase - Dosing will begin at dose level 3 (4000, 5000 or 6000 mcg SLM calculated based on patients' BSA). SLM will be given orally twice daily for 14 days
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Study Treatment | Experimental | During the Dose-Escalation Part 1, patients will receive SLM twice daily for 14 days followed by SLM once daily in combination with axitinib 5 mg twice daily with titration according to package insert. Treatment will continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
During the Expansion Part 2, patients will be treated at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of SLM determined as 4000 mcg SLM. SLM will be given orally twice daily for 14 days followed by SLM once daily in combination with axitinib 5 mg twice daily with titration according to package insert. Treatment will continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
During the Pilot Phase, dosing will begin at dose level 3 (4000, 5000, or 6000 mcg SLM calculated based on patients' BSA). SLM will be given orally twice daily for 14 days. Each cohort will enroll 2 evaluable patients. Receives: Drug: Selenomethionine (SLM); Drug: Axitinib |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Incidence of Adverse Events (AE) Per CTCAE 4.03
The AEs will be summarized and classified by body system and by treatment group. The type, incidence, severity, and causality of each AE, the duration of the event, and any required treatment interventions will be tabulated.
Measured: After 2 cycles (28 days)
Pilot Phase - Determine Dose-concentration Relationship and Estimate the Effective Dose of SLM (Informed by Preclinical Data) Using the Continual Reassessment Method (CRM).
Dose escalation for this pilot study will be conducted using a CRM in which the probability of exceeding a blood selenium concentration of 45 µM on Day 14 is being modeled. Prior probabilities of exceeding a blood selenium concentration of 45 µM on Day 14 were estimated based on preclinical and preliminary data from the initial trial. A one parameter logistic model with intercept set at 3 and an initial value of 1 for the slope will be used to estimate the dose-concentration relationship through sequential recursive Bayesian assessment. The target probability of exceeding 45 µM is ≤20%.
Measured: 14 days
Secondary outcomes (3)
Overall Response Rate
The overall response rate is the percentage of patients with a confirmed complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) as assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0) for target lesions and assessed by MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), >=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR.
Measured: From treatment initiation to treatment end, up to 3 years
Progression-Free Survival
Progression is defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0), as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions
Measured: From treatment initiation up to 2 years
Overall Survival
Overall survival is defined as the time from study treatment initiation to death due to any cause. Patients still alive were censored at the last date known to be alive.
Measured: From treatment initiation up to 3 years
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Aug 2015 (estimated)
- Study startJan 2016
- Primary completion22 Aug 2023
- Study completion4 Apr 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Other trials for Advanced Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (CCRCC)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 45 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Mohammed Milhem
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Pfizer
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Mohammed Milhem, University of Iowa
- Investigators
- Mohammed Milhem, MBBS, Principal investigator, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02535533
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 201507716
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 17 Aug 2015
- Last updated
- 6 May 2026
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Therapeutic Trial for Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of the Combination of Axitinib and Seleniomethionine (SLM) for Adult Patients With Advanced Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (CCRCC)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02535533
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 201507716
- Keywords
- Kidney cancer, Selenium (Se)
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 45 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Mohammed MilhemUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Pfizer
- Study start
- Jan 2016 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 22 Aug 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 4 Apr 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 28 Aug 2015 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 6 May 2026
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This phase I trial studies the side effects and best dose of L-selenomethionine when given together with axitinib in treating patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma that has spread from the primary site (place where it started) to other places in the body and usually cannot be cured or controlled with treatment (advanced metastatic). L-selenomethionine may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking the growth of new blood vessels necessary for tumor growth. Axitinib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Giving L-selenomethionine together with axitinib may be a better treatment for advanced metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
Detailed description
This is a Phase I trial for safety and preliminary efficacy of the combination of axitinib and SLM for adult patients with advanced metastatic CCRCC. This will be a two part study consisting of a dose escalation and expansion study.
Dose-Escalation Part 1 (6-12 patients): SLM will be given twice daily for 14 days followed by once daily dosing in combination with axitinib 5 mg twice daily with titration according to package insert in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Treatment will continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The MTD was determined to be 4000 mcg SLM.
Expansion Part 2: In this phase (approximately 19 patients), will be treated at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of SLM determined in the Escalation Part 1. It will be given orally twice daily for 14 days, followed by once daily dosing in combination with axitinib 5 mg twice daily with titration according to package insert in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Treatment will continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
A pilot group of 10 subjects will have SLM dose calculated based on patients' BSA to characterize the dose-concentration relationship and estimate the effective administered dose of selenium necessary to achieve the target blood concentration range informed by preclinical data.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Study Treatment | Experimental | Drug: Selenomethionine (SLM), Drug: AxitinibDuring the Dose-Escalation Part 1, patients will receive SLM twice daily for 14 days followed by SLM once daily in combination with axitinib 5 mg twice daily with titration according to package insert. Treatment will continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. During the Expansion Part 2, patients will be treated at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of SLM determined as 4000 mcg SLM. SLM will be given orally twice daily for 14 days followed by SLM once daily in combination with axitinib 5 mg twice daily with titration according to package insert. Treatment will continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. During the Pilot Phase, dosing will begin at dose level 3 (4000, 5000, or 6000 mcg SLM calculated based on patients' BSA). SLM will be given orally twice daily for 14 days. Each cohort will enroll 2 evaluable patients. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (15 listed)
- Histologically and radiologically confirmed advanced metastatic CCRCC in patients who have had at least one prior systemic therapy, which can include axitinib for the dose escalation part. In the expansion and pilot phases, patients with prior axitinib are allowed, as long as the last dose of axitinib was longer than 6 months ago.
- Written and voluntary informed consent.
- At least one Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST)-defined target lesion. *Patient must have documented disease progression.
- Renal function (creatinine level within normal institutional limit, or creatinine clearance >15 mL/min/1.73 m2 for patients with creatinine levels above institutional normal, calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula).
- Liver function (AST/ALT <2.5 X institutional upper limit of normal OR < 5 x institutional upper limit of normal in cases of liver metastases; Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times ULN.)
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Patients with prior malignancies of the same or different tumor type in the last 5 years and patients with concurrent malignancies of the same or different tumor type UNLESS the natural history of the disease or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational drug.
- Symptomatic untreated metastases in the central nervous system.
- Subject that is pregnant or lactating.
- Pre-existing uncontrolled hypertension defined as > 150/90 mm Hg with medication.
- Present use or anticipated need for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4-inhibiting, CYP3A4-inducing drugs (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, clarithromycin, atazanavir, indinavir, nefazodone, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, telithromycin, and voriconazole, rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifabutin, rifapentin, phenobarbital, and St. John's wort, bosentan, efavirenz, etravirine, modafinil, and nafcillin).Myocardial infarction, uncontrolled angina, congestive heart failure, or cerebrovascular accident within previous 6 months. Subjects with history of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, at provider discretion.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Selenomethionine (SLM)SLM administrated orally twice daily for 14 days followed by SLM once daily in combination with Axitinib 5 mg twice daily with titration according to package insert | Drug | Study Treatment |
| AxitinibFollowing SLM administrated orally twice daily for 14 days, SLM once daily in combination with Axitinib 5 mg twice daily with titration according to package insert | Drug | Study Treatment |
| Selenomethionine (SLM)Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of SLM determined in the Escalation Part 1 (4000 mcg SLM) given orally twice daily for 14 days, followed by SLM once daily in combination with axitinib 5 mg twice daily with titration according to package insert | Drug | Study Treatment |
| AxitinibFollowing maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of SLM determined in the Escalation Part 1 (4000 mcg SLM) given orally twice daily for 14 days, SLM once daily in combination with axitinib 5 mg twice daily with titration according to package insert | Drug | Study Treatment |
| Selenomethionine (SLM)Pilot Phase - Dosing will begin at dose level 3 (4000, 5000 or 6000 mcg SLM calculated based on patients' BSA). SLM will be given orally twice daily for 14 days | Drug | Study Treatment |
Primary outcome
Incidence of Adverse Events (AE) Per CTCAE 4.03
Time frame: After 2 cycles (28 days)
The AEs will be summarized and classified by body system and by treatment group. The type, incidence, severity, and causality of each AE, the duration of the event, and any required treatment interventions will be tabulated.
Pilot Phase - Determine Dose-concentration Relationship and Estimate the Effective Dose of SLM (Informed by Preclinical Data) Using the Continual Reassessment Method (CRM).
Time frame: 14 days
Dose escalation for this pilot study will be conducted using a CRM in which the probability of exceeding a blood selenium concentration of 45 µM on Day 14 is being modeled. Prior probabilities of exceeding a blood selenium concentration of 45 µM on Day 14 were estimated based on preclinical and preliminary data from the initial trial. A one parameter logistic model with intercept set at 3 and an initial value of 1 for the slope will be used to estimate the dose-concentration relationship through sequential recursive Bayesian assessment. The target probability of exceeding 45 µM is ≤20%.
3 secondary outcomes
Overall Response Rate
Time frame: From treatment initiation to treatment end, up to 3 years
Progression-Free Survival
Time frame: From treatment initiation up to 2 years
Overall Survival
Time frame: From treatment initiation up to 3 years
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 May 2026.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Mohammed Milhem, MBBS principal investigator
University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1/2 study testing Selenomethionine (SLM) and Axitinib in people with Advanced Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (CCRCC), run by Mohammed Milhem at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 15 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this combined phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 6 May 2026). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Incidence of Adverse Events (AE) Per CTCAE 4.03 (time frame: After 2 cycles (28 days)). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 May 2026.