Pathological GamblingPERHAPSNCT02590211
Poker, Skills and Associated Problems
A study testing cognitive, emotional and clinical assessment in people with Pathological Gambling, run by Nantes University Hospital at 1 site in France.
Trial summary
The PERHAPS project aims to fill two gaps in the scientific literature: on the one hand, studying the clinical and cognitive particularities of poker-related problems, and on the other hand, studying poker skill as a combination of multiple cognitive and emotional abilities. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 59 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Pathological Gambling
- What is being tested?
- cognitive, emotional and clinical assessment
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 113 participants
- Where
- 1 siteFrance
- Study dates
- 27 Sep 2016to 23 Mar 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 59 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- 18-59 years
- good understanding of French, literate
- correct level of vision and hearing
- specific inclusion criteria for each group include frequency and length of poker practice, DSM-5 doagnostic criteria for gambling disorder
Who cannot join
- protected adults
- important cognitive deficit (assessed by the MMSE)
- psychotic syndrome whole life
- other psychiatric disorders (mood disorders, anxiety disorders) and addictive disorders (disorders related to the use of alcoholic or other substances, excluding nicotine) that are present and not stabilized
- unstable endocrine disorders
- significant neurological disorders (such as head injuries (except mild), neurodegenerative diseases, unbalanced epilepsy, mental retardation, etc.)
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- psychoactive use (before participation)
- color blindness
- cardiac disorders
- electronic implants
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Poker, Skills and Associated Problems (PERHAPS). Controlled Experimental Single Centre Study of Poker Players: Study of the Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Poker Skills and of the Specificity of Poker-related Problems
The PERHAPS project aims to fill two gaps in the scientific literature: on the one hand, studying the clinical and cognitive particularities of poker-related problems, and on the other hand, studying poker skill as a combination of multiple cognitive and emotional abilities. The underlying clinical aim is to develop a cognitive remediation therapy program dedicated to pathological gamblers.
Read the detailed description
In the literature, although compulsive poker players undoubtedly share similarities with the compulsive gamblers of other gambling games, clinicians have observed significant specificities in these patients, in terms of personality profile, gaming practices and associated troubles. These specificities could influence the effectiveness of treatment and prevention strategies in many ways. However, there are very few studies focused on the specific poker-related problems, particularly compared to other practices.
Furthermore, skill at poker has often been treated as a unique and general ability. This binary vision is now considered widely insufficient and most researchers recommend exploring the individual cognitive abilities at play in poker skill. To the investigators knowledge, no study has done this to date.
Consequently, the PERHAPS project aims to fill two gaps in the scientific literature: on the one hand, studying the clinical and cognitive particularities of poker-related problems, and on the other hand, studying poker skill as a combination of multiple cognitive and emotional abilities.
Three profiles of poker players will be studied, depending on their gambling practices and whether or not they are addicted: a control group of 30 non-poker players, a group of 30 expert unproblematic poker players, and a group of 30 pathological poker players.
The three groups will be compared with one another on:
- Cognitive and emotional abilities (for expert players) or deficits (for pathological gamblers)
- Clinical particularities of poker-related problems
Secondarily (ancillary study), pathological poker gamblers will be compared with pathological gamblers of other gambling games (pure chance games n=30 and quasi-skill games n=30).
The PERHAPS project aims to improve knowledge of gambling addiction, particularly as regards poker, in order to optimise prevention and care strategies. The clinical aim is especially to construct a cognitive remediation therapy program. It also intends to discuss the legal framework applied to poker under the gambling regulation.
- Conditions
- Pathological Gambling
- Being tested
- cognitive, emotional and clinical assessment
- Keywords
- experimental study, cognitive mechanisms, poker, cognitive remediation therapy
- Medical subject headings
- Gambling
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
cognitive, emotional and clinical assessmentBehavioural
Cognitive and emotional assessment: Posner paradigm applied to emotional information (attention and emotional perception abilities), the modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (mental flexibility), the Hayling Sentence Completion Task (verbal inhibition), the Go - No Go test (motor inhibition) and the expressive suppression method (facial expression inhibition) Clinical assessment: gambling course and habits, level of cognitive distortions, control attribution (locus of control), social phobia, motivation for gambling, impulsivity, co-addictions, coping and gambling related-damage
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| non-poker players | Other | (control group) Receives: Behavioral: cognitive, emotional and clinical assessment |
| expert unproblematic poker players | Other | (comparator) Receives: Behavioral: cognitive, emotional and clinical assessment |
| pathological poker players | Other | (comparator) Receives: Behavioral: cognitive, emotional and clinical assessment |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
attention and emotional perception performances
Modified Posner paradigm Performances will be compared between pathological poker players and non-poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to baseline level) and between pathological poker players and expert unproblematic poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to a gambler level)
Measured: only one assessment so at baseline
mental flexibility performances
Wisconsin Test (M-WCST) Performances will be compared between pathological poker players and non-poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to baseline level) and between pathological poker players and expert unproblematic poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to a gambler level)
Measured: only one assessment so at baseline
inhibition performances
Evaluation of inhibition at verbal level: Hayling sentence Completion Task Performances will be compared between pathological poker players and non-poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to baseline level)
Measured: only one assessment so at baseline
inhibition performances
Evaluation of inhibition at motor level : Go-No Go Task Performances will be compared between pathological poker players and non-poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to baseline level)
Measured: only one assessment so at baseline
inhibition performances
Evaluation of inhibition et expressive level : suppressive expression method Performances will be compared between pathological poker players and non-poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to baseline level)
Measured: only one assessment so at baseline
Secondary outcomes (8)
gambling course and habits
Standardized maintenance grid. The interview allows you to explore gambling habits, possible abstinence periods, different games the game of choice, current practice, damage and the quality of shoring, and resources.
Measured: only one assessment so at baseline
control attribution (locus of control)
three-dimensional control location scale of Levenson (IPAH)
Measured: only one assessment so at baseline
level of cognitive distortions,
clinical questionnaires : Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS)
Measured: only one assessment so at baseline
level of social phobia
clinical questionnaires : social phobia questionnaire Leibowitz,
Measured: only one assessment so at baseline
motivation for gambling
clinical questionnaires : Gambling motivation questionnaire Reasons Questionnaire (GMQ)
Measured: only one assessment so at baseline
impulsivity profile
clinical questionnaires : Impulsive Behavior Scale
Measured: only one assessment so at baseline
psychiatric and addictive comorbidities
clinical questionnaires : Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)
Measured: only one assessment so at baseline
coping and gambling related-damage
clinical questionnaires : COPE Brief Questionnaire
Measured: only one assessment so at baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Oct 2015 (estimated)
- Study start27 Sep 2016
- Primary completion23 Mar 2021
- Study completion23 Mar 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Pathological GamblingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 113 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Nantes University Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02590211
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- RC14_0036
- Acronym
- PERHAPS
- Status last verified
- Mar 2021
- First submitted
- 6 Oct 2015
- Last updated
- 30 Mar 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Mar 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Poker, Skills and Associated Problems (PERHAPS). Controlled Experimental Single Centre Study of Poker Players: Study of the Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Poker Skills and of the Specificity of Poker-related Problems
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02590211
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PERHAPS / RC14_0036
- Conditions
- Pathological Gambling
- Keywords
- experimental study, cognitive mechanisms, poker, cognitive remediation therapy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 113 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Nantes University HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 27 Sep 2016 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 23 Mar 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 23 Mar 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 28 Oct 2015 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The PERHAPS project aims to fill two gaps in the scientific literature: on the one hand, studying the clinical and cognitive particularities of poker-related problems, and on the other hand, studying poker skill as a combination of multiple cognitive and emotional abilities. The underlying clinical aim is to develop a cognitive remediation therapy program dedicated to pathological gamblers.
Detailed description
In the literature, although compulsive poker players undoubtedly share similarities with the compulsive gamblers of other gambling games, clinicians have observed significant specificities in these patients, in terms of personality profile, gaming practices and associated troubles. These specificities could influence the effectiveness of treatment and prevention strategies in many ways. However, there are very few studies focused on the specific poker-related problems, particularly compared to other practices.
Furthermore, skill at poker has often been treated as a unique and general ability. This binary vision is now considered widely insufficient and most researchers recommend exploring the individual cognitive abilities at play in poker skill. To the investigators knowledge, no study has done this to date.
Consequently, the PERHAPS project aims to fill two gaps in the scientific literature: on the one hand, studying the clinical and cognitive particularities of poker-related problems, and on the other hand, studying poker skill as a combination of multiple cognitive and emotional abilities.
Three profiles of poker players will be studied, depending on their gambling practices and whether or not they are addicted: a control group of 30 non-poker players, a group of 30 expert unproblematic poker players, and a group of 30 pathological poker players.
The three groups will be compared with one another on:
- Cognitive and emotional abilities (for expert players) or deficits (for pathological gamblers)
- Clinical particularities of poker-related problems
Secondarily (ancillary study), pathological poker gamblers will be compared with pathological gamblers of other gambling games (pure chance games n=30 and quasi-skill games n=30).
The PERHAPS project aims to improve knowledge of gambling addiction, particularly as regards poker, in order to optimise prevention and care strategies. The clinical aim is especially to construct a cognitive remediation therapy program. It also intends to discuss the legal framework applied to poker under the gambling regulation.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| non-poker players | Other | Behavioral: cognitive, emotional and clinical assessment(control group) |
| expert unproblematic poker players | Other | Behavioral: cognitive, emotional and clinical assessment(comparator) |
| pathological poker players | Other | Behavioral: cognitive, emotional and clinical assessment(comparator) |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 59 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- 18-59 years
- good understanding of French, literate
- correct level of vision and hearing
- specific inclusion criteria for each group include frequency and length of poker practice, DSM-5 doagnostic criteria for gambling disorder
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- protected adults
- important cognitive deficit (assessed by the MMSE)
- psychotic syndrome whole life
- other psychiatric disorders (mood disorders, anxiety disorders) and addictive disorders (disorders related to the use of alcoholic or other substances, excluding nicotine) that are present and not stabilized
- unstable endocrine disorders
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| cognitive, emotional and clinical assessmentCognitive and emotional assessment: Posner paradigm applied to emotional information (attention and emotional perception abilities), the modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (mental flexibility), the Hayling Sentence Completion Task (verbal inhibition), the Go - No Go test (motor inhibition) and the expressive suppression method (facial expression inhibition) Clinical assessment: gambling course and habits, level of cognitive distortions, control attribution (locus of control), social phobia, motivation for gambling, impulsivity, co-addictions, coping and gambling related-damage | Behavioural | expert unproblematic poker players, non-poker players, pathological poker players |
Primary outcome
attention and emotional perception performances
Time frame: only one assessment so at baseline
Modified Posner paradigm Performances will be compared between pathological poker players and non-poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to baseline level) and between pathological poker players and expert unproblematic poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to a gambler level)
mental flexibility performances
Time frame: only one assessment so at baseline
Wisconsin Test (M-WCST) Performances will be compared between pathological poker players and non-poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to baseline level) and between pathological poker players and expert unproblematic poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to a gambler level)
inhibition performances
Time frame: only one assessment so at baseline
Evaluation of inhibition at verbal level: Hayling sentence Completion Task Performances will be compared between pathological poker players and non-poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to baseline level)
inhibition performances
Time frame: only one assessment so at baseline
Evaluation of inhibition at motor level : Go-No Go Task Performances will be compared between pathological poker players and non-poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to baseline level)
inhibition performances
Time frame: only one assessment so at baseline
Evaluation of inhibition et expressive level : suppressive expression method Performances will be compared between pathological poker players and non-poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to baseline level)
8 secondary outcomes
gambling course and habits
Time frame: only one assessment so at baseline
control attribution (locus of control)
Time frame: only one assessment so at baseline
level of cognitive distortions,
Time frame: only one assessment so at baseline
level of social phobia
Time frame: only one assessment so at baseline
motivation for gambling
Time frame: only one assessment so at baseline
impulsivity profile
Time frame: only one assessment so at baseline
psychiatric and addictive comorbidities
Time frame: only one assessment so at baseline
coping and gambling related-damage
Time frame: only one assessment so at baseline
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Mar 2021.
- inclusion advertisingLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing cognitive, emotional and clinical assessment in people with Pathological Gambling, run by Nantes University Hospital at 1 site in France.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Mar 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in France. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
attention and emotional perception performances (time frame: only one assessment so at baseline). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Mar 2021.