MalariaPhase 2NCT02601716

PfSPZ Vaccine: Dose Optimization With Heterologous Challenge in Healthy Malaria-Naïve Adults

A Phase 2 study testing PfSPZ Vaccine, CHMI (7G8) and CHMI (NF135.C10) in people with Malaria, run by Sanaria Inc. at 2 sites in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record

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Trial summary

This is an open-label evaluation of the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity and efficacy of PfSPZ Vaccine administered by direct venous inoculation (DVI) in healthy, malaria-naïve adult subjects. Read more about this study

Who is it for?: Ages 18 to 50 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for: Malaria
What is being tested?: PfSPZ Vaccine, CHMI (7G8) and CHMI (NF135.C10)
Type of treatment: Vaccines
Could I receive a placebo?: No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people: 92 participants
Where: 2 sitesUnited States
Study dates: Jan 2016to Nov 2017
Phase: Phase 2
Are there results?: None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 18 to 50 years
All sexes
Healthy volunteers accepted
Adult

Who may be able to join

Healthy adults (male or non-pregnant female) 18 - 50 years of age, inclusive.
Able and willing to participate for the duration of the study.
Able and willing to provide written (not proxy) informed consent.
Physical examination and laboratory results without clinically significant findings and a body mass index (BMI) ≤35 for vaccine groups or BMI ≤40 for control groups.
Women of childbearing potential must agree to use effective means of birth control (e.g. oral or implanted contraceptives, IUD, female condom, diaphragm with spermicide, cervical cap, abstinence, use of a condom by the sexual partner or sterile sexual partner) during the entire study. Women with a history of surgical or chemical sterilization (e.g. tubal ligation, hysterectomy, other) must provide written documentation of infertility from a health care provider.
Willing to refrain from blood donation for 3 years following CHMI.
Agree not to travel to a malaria endemic region during the entire course of the trial.

Who cannot join

Any history of malaria infection, or travel to a malaria endemic region within 6 months prior to first immunization.
History of long-term residence (>5 years) in area known to have significant transmission of P. falciparum.
Body weight equal to, or less than, 110 pounds.
Has evidence of increased cardiovascular disease risk (defined as > 10%, 5 year risk) as determined by the method of Gaziano [Gaziano, 2008]. Risk factors include sex, age, systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), smoking status, body mass index (BMI, kg/mm2), and reported diabetes status.
Positive HIV, HBsAg or HCV serology.
Positive sickle cell screening test.

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An abnormal electrocardiogram, defined as one showing pathologic Q waves and significant ST-T wave changes; left ventricular hypertrophy; any non-sinus rhythm including isolated premature ventricular contractions, but excluding isolated premature atrial contractions; right or left bundle branch block; or advanced (secondary or tertiary) A-V heart block.
Current use of systemic immunosuppressant pharmacotherapy.
Current significant medical condition (cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, or hematological) or evidence of any other serious underlying medical condition identified by medical history, physical examination, or laboratory examination.
History of a splenectomy.
History of neurologic disorder (including seizures) or diagnosis of migraine headache.
History of psychiatric disorders (such as personality disorders, anxiety disorders, or schizophrenia) or behavioral tendencies (including active alcohol or drug abuse) discovered during the screening process that in the opinion of the investigator would make compliance with the protocol difficult.
Plan for surgery between enrollment and CHMI.
Females who are pregnant or nursing, females who plan on becoming pregnant or plan to nurse during the study period.
Known allergy to any component of the vaccine formulation, history of anaphylactic response to mosquito-bites, or any history of anaphylactic reaction, retinal or visual field changes, or known allergy to anti-malarials including chloroquine phosphate, atovaquone/proguanil (Malarone®), or artemether/lumefantrine (Coartem®).
Receipt of another investigational vaccine or drug within 30 days prior to the first immunization, or plan to participate in another investigational vaccine/drug research during or within 1 month following participation in this study (vaccine recipients).
Receipt of another investigational vaccine or drug within 30 days prior to CHMI, or plan to participate in another investigational vaccine/drug research during or within 1 month following participation in this study (infectivity controls).
Receipt of more than three other vaccines during the period 60 days prior to the screening visit to 1 month following participation in this study.
Personal beliefs that prohibit the receiving of vaccine product containing human serum albumin within the diluent (vaccine recipients only).
Use or planned use of any drug with anti-malarial activity that would coincide with the periods of immunization or CHMI.
Anticipated use of medications known to cause drug reactions with atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone®), or artemether/lumefantrine (Coartem®) such as cimetidine, metoclopramide, antacids, and kaolin.
History of any other illness or condition which, in the investigator's judgment, may substantially increase the risk associated with the subject's participation in the protocol or compromise the scientific objectives.

Trial locations and contacts

2 sites in 1 country.

United States2 sites

University of Maryland-Baltimore, Center for Vaccine Development
Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
Naval Medical Research Center
Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Clinical Trial of PfSPZ Vaccine Administered by Direct Venous Inoculation: Dose Optimization With Heterologous Challenge in Healthy Malaria-Naïve Adults

This is an open-label evaluation of the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity and efficacy of PfSPZ Vaccine administered by direct venous inoculation (DVI) in healthy, malaria-naïve adult subjects.

Read the detailed description

The study will be conducted as a collaborative effort between the NMRC, UMB CVD, WRAIR and Sanaria, Inc. The study screening, immunizations, and follow-ups for Groups 1 \& 2 will take place at the UMB CVD. The study screening, immunizations, and follow-ups for Groups 3 \& 4 will take place at the NMRC CTC in Bethesda, MD. The controlled human malaria infections (CHMI) will be conducted at WRAIR Entomology, Silver Spring, MD for NMRC subjects, and at UMB CVD for UMB CVD subjects.

There will be 4 groups and a total of 92 subjects (60 immunized subjects and 32 infectivity controls). Group 1 (n = 15) subjects will receive PfSPZ Vaccine administered by direct venous inoculation (DVI), with 4 doses of 4.5 x 10^5 PfSPZ given every two days, followed by a single, boosting dose of 4.5 x 10^5 PfSPZ given 16 weeks later. For participants who were not protected after the first CHMI, an additional boosting dose of 4.5x10^5 PfSPZ will be given 21 weeks later.

Group 2 (n = 15) subjects will receive PfSPZ Vaccine administered by DVI, with 3 doses of 9.0 x 10^5 PfSPZ administered every 8 weeks. For participants who were not protected after the first CHMI, a boosting dose of 9.0 x 10^5 PfSPZ will be given 21 weeks later.

Group 3 (n = 15) subjects will receive PfSPZ Vaccine administered by DVI, with 3 doses of 18 x 10^5 PfSPZ administered every 8 weeks. Following CHMI at 40 weeks, protected subjects and one-half of unprotected subjects will receive a final, boosting dose of 18 x 10^5 PfSPZ. The remaining half of unprotected subjects will receive a final, boosting dose of 4.5 x 10^5 PfSPZ.

Group 4 (n = 15) subjects will receive PfSPZ Vaccine administered by DVI, with 27 x 10^5 PfSPZ administered once as a priming dose, followed by 2 doses of 9.0 x 10^5 PfSPZ administered every 8 weeks. Following CHMI at 40 weeks, protected subjects and one-half of unprotected subjects will receive a final, boosting dose of 9 x 10^5 PfSPZ. The remaining half of unprotected subjects will receive a final, boosting dose of 2.25 x 10^5 PfSPZ.

Protective efficacy will be assessed by CHMI, conducted by exposure to the bites of three to five mosquitoes infected with heterologous (7G8 or NF135.C10) Pf parasites, with the number of mosquitoes depending on the infection intensity in the mosquitoes). At UMB CVD, protective efficacy will be assessed at both 28 and 40 weeks after the first immunization, in Groups 1 and 2, along with 8 infectivity controls for each CHMI. At NMRC, protective efficacy will be assessed at 40 weeks (7G8 infected mosquitoes), and 66 weeks (NF135.C10 infected mosquitoes) after the first immunization, in Groups 3 and 4. Unprotected subjects in Groups 1 and 2, and all subjects in Groups 3 and 4, will be invited to receive a booster vaccination 21 days prior to the second CHMI at the respective sites, in order to assess the efficacy of a booster dose in previously vaccinated persons. These vaccine subjects may participate in the second CHMI whether or not they were protected in the first CHMI, and independent of their decision to receive the booster immunization, to serve as controls for the effect of the first CHMI on immunity. Subjects may proceed to CHMI provided they have received at least two of the three immunizations scheduled for Groups 2-4, or at least two of the four priming immunizations as well as the boost scheduled for Group 1. 7G8-infected mosquitoes may be substituted for NF135.C10 mosquitoes in case of difficulties with mosquito production.

Two subjects in each group will serve as "pilot subjects" in the event of first in human dosing, and will be immunized approximately 24 hours prior to the rest of the subjects in the respective group. If there are no safety concerns identified in the pilot subjects that trigger the stopping rules, then the remainder of subjects will be immunized the day after the pilot subjects are immunized. Subjects will be followed for 56 days beyond both the week 40 and week 66 CHMIs.

Conditions: Malaria
Being tested: PfSPZ Vaccine, CHMI (7G8), CHMI (NF135.C10)
Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum, PfSPZ Vaccine, Sporozoites, Controlled Human Malaria Infection
Medical subject headings: Malaria, Malaria, Falciparum

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

PfSPZ VaccineBiological
Aseptic, purified, cryopreserved, radiation-attenuated, Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites
CHMI (7G8)Biological
CHMI is conducted by exposure to the bites of five mosquitoes infected with heterologous (7G8) Pf parasites.
CHMI (NF135.C10)Biological
CHMI is conducted by exposure to the bites of three to five mosquitoes infected with heterologous (NF135.C10) Pf parasites.

Study groups in NCT02601716
Study group	Role	What they receive
Group 1	Experimental	Group 1 subjects (n=15) will receive 4 doses of PfSPZ Vaccine (4.5 x 10^5 PfSPZ/dose) every 2 days, followed by a single, boosting dose (same dose as before) given 16 weeks later, for a total PfSPZ dose = 22.5 x 10^5. PfSPZ Vaccine administered by DVI. Protective efficacy assessed by heterologous CHMI (7G8) Pf parasites at 28 and 40 weeks after the first immunization, along with 8 infectivity controls. Subjects may proceed to CHMI if they have received at least 2 of 4 priming immunizations and the boost scheduled for Group 1. Participants not protected after the first CHMI will be invited to receive a booster vaccination (4.5 x 10^5 PfSPZ) 21 days prior to the second CHMI. Subjects may participate in the second CHMI whether or not they were protected in the 1st CHMI, to serve as controls for the effect of the 1st CHMI on immunity. Subjects will be followed for 56 days beyond the final CHMI (post-immunization week 40). Receives: Biological: PfSPZ Vaccine; Biological: CHMI (7G8)
Group 2	Experimental	Subjects (n=15) will receive 3 doses of PfSPZ Vaccine (9.0 x 10^5 PfSPZ/dose) every 8 weeks, total PfSPZ dose = 27 x 10^5. PfSPZ Vaccine administered by DVI. Protective efficacy assessed by heterologous CHMI (7G8) Pf parasites at 28 and 40 weeks after first immunization, along with 8 infectivity controls. Subjects may proceed to CHMI if they have received at least 2 of 3 immunizations scheduled for Group 2. Participants not protected after the first CHMI will be invited to receive a booster vaccination (9.0 x 10^5 PfSPZ) 21 days prior to the second CHMI. Subjects may participate in the second CHMI whether or not they were protected in the 1st CHMI, to serve as controls for the effect of the 1st CHMI on immunity. Subjects will be followed for 56 days beyond the final CHMI (post-immunization week 40). Receives: Biological: PfSPZ Vaccine; Biological: CHMI (7G8)
Group 3	Experimental	Group 3 subjects (n=15) will receive 3 doses of PfSPZ Vaccine (18 x 10^5 PfSPZ/dose) every 8 weeks for a total PfSPZ dose of 54 x 10^5. PfSPZ Vaccine administered by DVI. Protective efficacy assessed by CHMI with heterologous (7G8, NF135.C10) Pf parasites at 40 and 66 weeks after the first immunization, along with 8 infectivity controls. Subjects may proceed to CHMI if they have received at least 2 of 3 immunizations scheduled for Group 3. All participants will be invited to receive a booster vaccination (18 x 10^5 PfSPZ) 21 days prior to the second CHMI. Subjects may participate in the second CHMI whether or not they were protected in the 1st CHMI, to serve as controls for the effect of the 1st CHMI on immunity. Subjects will be followed for 56 days beyond the final CHMI (post-immunization week66). Receives: Biological: PfSPZ Vaccine; Biological: CHMI (7G8); Biological: CHMI (NF135.C10)
Group 4	Experimental	Subjects (n=15) will receive a single, priming dose of PfSPZ Vaccine (27 x 10^5 PfSPZ/dose), followed by 2 additional immunizations (9.0 x 10^5 PfSPZ per dose) every 8 weeks, total PfSPZ dose = 45 x 10^5. PfSPZ Vaccine administered by DVI. Protective efficacy assessed by CHMI with heterologous 7G8 and NF135.C10 Pf parasites at 40 and 66 weeks, respectively, along with 8 infectivity controls at each CHMI. Subjects may proceed to CHMI if they have received at least 2 of 3 immunizations scheduled for Group 4. All participants will be invited to receive a booster vaccination (9.0x10^5 PfSPZ) 21 days prior to the second CHMI. Subjects will be followed for 56 days beyond the final CHMI at (post-immunization week 66). Receives: Biological: PfSPZ Vaccine; Biological: CHMI (7G8); Biological: CHMI (NF135.C10)
Infectivity Controls, CHMI (7G8)	Other	Infectivity controls (n=24) will not receive any PfSPZ Vaccine. They will serve as infectivity controls for CHMI for all groups. 8 infectivity controls will undergo CHMI with each of two CHMIs (at 28 and 40) for Groups 1 and 2, and 8 infectivity controls will undergo CHMI with the 40 week CHMI for Groups 3 and 4. All CHMI will be conducted by exposure to the bites of 5 mosquitoes infected with heterologous (7G8) Pf parasites. Subjects will be followed for 56 days beyond the last CHMI at week 40 at the UMB site. Receives: Biological: CHMI (7G8)
Infectivity Controls, CHMI (NF135.C10)	Other	Infectivity controls (n=8) will not receive any PfSPZ Vaccine. They will serve as infectivity controls for the second CHMI at week 66 for Groups 3 and 4. CHMI will be conducted by exposure to the bites of 3-5 mosquitoes infected with heterologous (NF135.C10) Pf parasites. Subjects will be followed for 56 days beyond the last CHMI at week 66 at the NMRC site. Receives: Biological: CHMI (NF135.C10)

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

Incidence and type of Adverse Events
Incidence and type of adverse events (including breakthrough infections), vital signs, clinical laboratory assessments, physical examination findings post first immunization onwards.
Measured: 52 weeks
Efficacy
Evidence of vaccine-mediated protection against CHMI at 28 and 40 weeks in Groups 1 and 2 by preventing blood stage infection for 28 days (as detected by qPCR) following CHMI.
Evidence of vaccine-mediated protection against CHMI at 40 and 66 weeks in Groups 3 and 4 by preventing blood stage infection for 28 days (as detected by blood smear analysis) following CHMI.
Measured: 28 days post-CHMI
Immunological response
Antibody responses by PfCSP ELISA two weeks after the second, third and booster immunizations (Groups 2-4) or after the fourth, fifth and booster immunizations (Group 1) (serum dilution at which the optical density is 1.0 referred to as the OD 1.0)
Positive predictive values for anti-PfCSP antibody responses at or above a threshold for predicting sterile protection following CHMI (threshold = OD 1.0 of 2,000)
Measured: 2 weeks post-immunization and 28 days post-CHMI

Secondary outcomes (1)

Immunological outcomes
1. Antibody titers to other Pf proteins by ELISA
2. Antibody titers to Pf parasite stages by IFA
3. Capacity of sera from immunized volunteers to inhibit sporozoite invasion (ISI) of hepatocytes in vitro by ISI assay
4. Analysis of antibodies to any of the thousands of proteins in the Pf proteome using proteome array chips
5. Analysis of cellular immune responses against PfSPZ, Pf-infected erythrocytes and/or synthetic peptides and/or recombinant proteins from defined Pf proteins by multi-parameter intracellular staining (ICS) by flow cytometry
6. Analysis of cellular immune responses against PfSPZ, Pf-infected erythrocytes and/or synthetic peptides and/or recombinant proteins from defined Pf proteins by fluorospot assays
7. Human gene expression profiling focusing on immune response genes
8. Analysis of host cellular, cytokine and other host responses by Luminex or Luminex-type assays
Measured: Day of immunization till 28 days post-CHMI

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

Jan 2016Nov 2017

First posted10 Nov 2015 (estimated)
Study startJan 2016
Primary completionSep 2017
Study completionNov 2017

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
Other trials for MalariaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 2
Primary purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Parallel groups
Masking: None (open label)
Enrolment: 92 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02601716
Sponsor's protocol ID: NMRC.2015.0009
Other IDs: CVD Malaria 26000
Status last verified: Oct 2018
First submitted: 6 Nov 2015
Last updated: 16 Oct 2018
Results posted: No
Data monitoring committee: Yes

Publications

Seder RA, Chang LJ, Enama ME, Zephir KL, Sarwar UN, Gordon IJ, Holman LA, James ER, Billingsley PF, Gunasekera A, Richman A, Chakravarty S, Manoj A, Velmurugan S, Li M, Ruben AJ, Li T, Eappen AG, Stafford RE, Plummer SH, Hendel CS, Novik L, Costner PJ, Mendoza FH, Saunders JG, Nason MC, Richardson JH, Murphy J, Davidson SA, Richie TL, Sedegah M, Sutamihardja A, Fahle GA, Lyke KE, Laurens MB, Roederer M, Tewari K, Epstein JE, Sim BK, Ledgerwood JE, Graham BS, Hoffman SL; VRC 312 Study Team. Protection against malaria by intravenous immunization with a nonreplicating sporozoite vaccine. Science. 2013 Sep 20;341(6152):1359-65. doi: 10.1126/science.1241800. Epub 2013 Aug 8.
PubMed 23929949
Epstein JE, Tewari K, Lyke KE, Sim BK, Billingsley PF, Laurens MB, Gunasekera A, Chakravarty S, James ER, Sedegah M, Richman A, Velmurugan S, Reyes S, Li M, Tucker K, Ahumada A, Ruben AJ, Li T, Stafford R, Eappen AG, Tamminga C, Bennett JW, Ockenhouse CF, Murphy JR, Komisar J, Thomas N, Loyevsky M, Birkett A, Plowe CV, Loucq C, Edelman R, Richie TL, Seder RA, Hoffman SL. Live attenuated malaria vaccine designed to protect through hepatic CD8(+) T cell immunity. Science. 2011 Oct 28;334(6055):475-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1211548. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
PubMed 21903775
Ishizuka AS, Lyke KE, DeZure A, Berry AA, Richie TL, Mendoza FH, Enama ME, Gordon IJ, Chang LJ, Sarwar UN, Zephir KL, Holman LA, James ER, Billingsley PF, Gunasekera A, Chakravarty S, Manoj A, Li M, Ruben AJ, Li T, Eappen AG, Stafford RE, K C N, Murshedkar T, DeCederfelt H, Plummer SH, Hendel CS, Novik L, Costner PJ, Saunders JG, Laurens MB, Plowe CV, Flynn B, Whalen WR, Todd JP, Noor J, Rao S, Sierra-Davidson K, Lynn GM, Epstein JE, Kemp MA, Fahle GA, Mikolajczak SA, Fishbaugher M, Sack BK, Kappe SH, Davidson SA, Garver LS, Bjorkstrom NK, Nason MC, Graham BS, Roederer M, Sim BK, Hoffman SL, Ledgerwood JE, Seder RA. Protection against malaria at 1 year and immune correlates following PfSPZ vaccination. Nat Med. 2016 Jun;22(6):614-23. doi: 10.1038/nm.4110. Epub 2016 May 9.
PubMed 27158907
Lyke KE, Ishizuka AS, Berry AA, Chakravarty S, DeZure A, Enama ME, James ER, Billingsley PF, Gunasekera A, Manoj A, Li M, Ruben AJ, Li T, Eappen AG, Stafford RE, Kc N, Murshedkar T, Mendoza FH, Gordon IJ, Zephir KL, Holman LA, Plummer SH, Hendel CS, Novik L, Costner PJ, Saunders JG, Berkowitz NM, Flynn BJ, Nason MC, Garver LS, Laurens MB, Plowe CV, Richie TL, Graham BS, Roederer M, Sim BK, Ledgerwood JE, Hoffman SL, Seder RA. Attenuated PfSPZ Vaccine induces strain-transcending T cells and durable protection against heterologous controlled human malaria infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Mar 7;114(10):2711-2716. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1615324114. Epub 2017 Feb 21.
PubMed 28223498
Epstein JE, Paolino KM, Richie TL, Sedegah M, Singer A, Ruben AJ, Chakravarty S, Stafford A, Ruck RC, Eappen AG, Li T, Billingsley PF, Manoj A, Silva JC, Moser K, Nielsen R, Tosh D, Cicatelli S, Ganeshan H, Case J, Padilla D, Davidson S, Garver L, Saverino E, Murshedkar T, Gunasekera A, Twomey PS, Reyes S, Moon JE, James ER, Kc N, Li M, Abot E, Belmonte A, Hauns K, Belmonte M, Huang J, Vasquez C, Remich S, Carrington M, Abebe Y, Tillman A, Hickey B, Regules J, Villasante E, Sim BKL, Hoffman SL. Protection against Plasmodium falciparum malaria by PfSPZ Vaccine. JCI Insight. 2017 Jan 12;2(1):e89154. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.89154.
PubMed 28097230
Lyke KE, Singer A, Berry AA, Reyes S, Chakravarty S, James ER, Billingsley PF, Gunasekera A, Manoj A, Murshedkar T, Laurens MB, Church WP, Garver Baldwin LS, Sedegah M, Banania G, Ganeshan H, Guzman I, Reyes A, Wong M, Belmonte A, Ozemoya A, Belmonte M, Huang J, Villasante E, Sim BKL, Hoffman SL, Richie TL, Epstein JE; Warfighter II Study Team. Multidose Priming and Delayed Boosting Improve Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoite Vaccine Efficacy Against Heterologous P. falciparum Controlled Human Malaria Infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 5;73(7):e2424-e2435. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1294.
PubMed 32920641

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

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Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Oct 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: Clinical Trial of PfSPZ Vaccine Administered by Direct Venous Inoculation: Dose Optimization With Heterologous Challenge in Healthy Malaria-Naïve Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02601716
Acronym / sponsor ID: NMRC.2015.0009
Conditions: Malaria
Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum, PfSPZ Vaccine, Sporozoites, Controlled Human Malaria Infection
Phase: Phase 2
Study type: Interventional
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 92 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: Sanaria Inc.Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
Collaborators: Naval Medical Research Center, University of Maryland, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Joint Warfighter Medical Research Program
Study start: Jan 2016 (actual)
Primary completion: Sep 2017 (actual)
Study completion: Nov 2017 (actual)
First posted: 10 Nov 2015 (estimated)
Results: Not posted in the source record

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

This is an open-label evaluation of the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity and efficacy of PfSPZ Vaccine administered by direct venous inoculation (DVI) in healthy, malaria-naïve adult subjects.

Detailed description

Study design

Primary purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Parallel groups
Masking: None (open label)
Number of arms: 6

Arm	Type	Receives
Group 1	Experimental	Biological: PfSPZ Vaccine, Biological: CHMI (7G8)Group 1 subjects (n=15) will receive 4 doses of PfSPZ Vaccine (4.5 x 10^5 PfSPZ/dose) every 2 days, followed by a single, boosting dose (same dose as before) given 16 weeks later, for a total PfSPZ dose = 22.5 x 10^5. PfSPZ Vaccine administered by DVI. Protective efficacy assessed by heterologous CHMI (7G8) Pf parasites at 28 and 40 weeks after the first immunization, along with 8 infectivity controls. Subjects may proceed to CHMI if they have received at least 2 of 4 priming immunizations and the boost scheduled for Group 1. Participants not protected after the first CHMI will be invited to receive a booster vaccination (4.5 x 10^5 PfSPZ) 21 days prior to the second CHMI. Subjects may participate in the second CHMI whether or not they were protected in the 1st CHMI, to serve as controls for the effect of the 1st CHMI on immunity. Subjects will be followed for 56 days beyond the final CHMI (post-immunization week 40).
Group 2	Experimental	Biological: PfSPZ Vaccine, Biological: CHMI (7G8)Subjects (n=15) will receive 3 doses of PfSPZ Vaccine (9.0 x 10^5 PfSPZ/dose) every 8 weeks, total PfSPZ dose = 27 x 10^5. PfSPZ Vaccine administered by DVI. Protective efficacy assessed by heterologous CHMI (7G8) Pf parasites at 28 and 40 weeks after first immunization, along with 8 infectivity controls. Subjects may proceed to CHMI if they have received at least 2 of 3 immunizations scheduled for Group 2. Participants not protected after the first CHMI will be invited to receive a booster vaccination (9.0 x 10^5 PfSPZ) 21 days prior to the second CHMI. Subjects may participate in the second CHMI whether or not they were protected in the 1st CHMI, to serve as controls for the effect of the 1st CHMI on immunity. Subjects will be followed for 56 days beyond the final CHMI (post-immunization week 40).
Group 3	Experimental	Biological: PfSPZ Vaccine, Biological: CHMI (7G8), Biological: CHMI (NF135.C10)Group 3 subjects (n=15) will receive 3 doses of PfSPZ Vaccine (18 x 10^5 PfSPZ/dose) every 8 weeks for a total PfSPZ dose of 54 x 10^5. PfSPZ Vaccine administered by DVI. Protective efficacy assessed by CHMI with heterologous (7G8, NF135.C10) Pf parasites at 40 and 66 weeks after the first immunization, along with 8 infectivity controls. Subjects may proceed to CHMI if they have received at least 2 of 3 immunizations scheduled for Group 3. All participants will be invited to receive a booster vaccination (18 x 10^5 PfSPZ) 21 days prior to the second CHMI. Subjects may participate in the second CHMI whether or not they were protected in the 1st CHMI, to serve as controls for the effect of the 1st CHMI on immunity. Subjects will be followed for 56 days beyond the final CHMI (post-immunization week66).
Group 4	Experimental	Biological: PfSPZ Vaccine, Biological: CHMI (7G8), Biological: CHMI (NF135.C10)Subjects (n=15) will receive a single, priming dose of PfSPZ Vaccine (27 x 10^5 PfSPZ/dose), followed by 2 additional immunizations (9.0 x 10^5 PfSPZ per dose) every 8 weeks, total PfSPZ dose = 45 x 10^5. PfSPZ Vaccine administered by DVI. Protective efficacy assessed by CHMI with heterologous 7G8 and NF135.C10 Pf parasites at 40 and 66 weeks, respectively, along with 8 infectivity controls at each CHMI. Subjects may proceed to CHMI if they have received at least 2 of 3 immunizations scheduled for Group 4. All participants will be invited to receive a booster vaccination (9.0x10^5 PfSPZ) 21 days prior to the second CHMI. Subjects will be followed for 56 days beyond the final CHMI at (post-immunization week 66).
Infectivity Controls, CHMI (7G8)	Other	Biological: CHMI (7G8)Infectivity controls (n=24) will not receive any PfSPZ Vaccine. They will serve as infectivity controls for CHMI for all groups. 8 infectivity controls will undergo CHMI with each of two CHMIs (at 28 and 40) for Groups 1 and 2, and 8 infectivity controls will undergo CHMI with the 40 week CHMI for Groups 3 and 4. All CHMI will be conducted by exposure to the bites of 5 mosquitoes infected with heterologous (7G8) Pf parasites. Subjects will be followed for 56 days beyond the last CHMI at week 40 at the UMB site.
Infectivity Controls, CHMI (NF135.C10)	Other	Biological: CHMI (NF135.C10)Infectivity controls (n=8) will not receive any PfSPZ Vaccine. They will serve as infectivity controls for the second CHMI at week 66 for Groups 3 and 4. CHMI will be conducted by exposure to the bites of 3-5 mosquitoes infected with heterologous (NF135.C10) Pf parasites. Subjects will be followed for 56 days beyond the last CHMI at week 66 at the NMRC site.

Who may qualify

Ages: 18 to 50 years
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Accepted
Age groups: Adult

Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)

Healthy adults (male or non-pregnant female) 18 - 50 years of age, inclusive.
Able and willing to participate for the duration of the study.
Able and willing to provide written (not proxy) informed consent.
Physical examination and laboratory results without clinically significant findings and a body mass index (BMI) ≤35 for vaccine groups or BMI ≤40 for control groups.
Women of childbearing potential must agree to use effective means of birth control (e.g. oral or implanted contraceptives, IUD, female condom, diaphragm with spermicide, cervical cap, abstinence, use of a condom by the sexual partner or sterile sexual partner) during the entire study. Women with a history of surgical or chemical sterilization (e.g. tubal ligation, hysterectomy, other) must provide written documentation of infertility from a health care provider.

Key exclusion criteria (22 listed)

Any history of malaria infection, or travel to a malaria endemic region within 6 months prior to first immunization.
History of long-term residence (>5 years) in area known to have significant transmission of P. falciparum.
Body weight equal to, or less than, 110 pounds.
Has evidence of increased cardiovascular disease risk (defined as > 10%, 5 year risk) as determined by the method of Gaziano [Gaziano, 2008]. Risk factors include sex, age, systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), smoking status, body mass index (BMI, kg/mm2), and reported diabetes status.
Positive HIV, HBsAg or HCV serology.

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
PfSPZ VaccineAseptic, purified, cryopreserved, radiation-attenuated, Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites	Biological	Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, Group 4
CHMI (7G8)CHMI is conducted by exposure to the bites of five mosquitoes infected with heterologous (7G8) Pf parasites.	Biological	Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, Group 4, Infectivity Controls, CHMI (7G8)
CHMI (NF135.C10)CHMI is conducted by exposure to the bites of three to five mosquitoes infected with heterologous (NF135.C10) Pf parasites.	Biological	Group 3, Group 4, Infectivity Controls, CHMI (NF135.C10)

Primary outcome

Incidence and type of Adverse Events
Time frame: 52 weeks
Incidence and type of adverse events (including breakthrough infections), vital signs, clinical laboratory assessments, physical examination findings post first immunization onwards.
Efficacy
Time frame: 28 days post-CHMI
Evidence of vaccine-mediated protection against CHMI at 28 and 40 weeks in Groups 1 and 2 by preventing blood stage infection for 28 days (as detected by qPCR) following CHMI. Evidence of vaccine-mediated protection against CHMI at 40 and 66 weeks in Groups 3 and 4 by preventing blood stage infection for 28 days (as detected by blood smear analysis) following CHMI.
Immunological response
Time frame: 2 weeks post-immunization and 28 days post-CHMI
Antibody responses by PfCSP ELISA two weeks after the second, third and booster immunizations (Groups 2-4) or after the fourth, fifth and booster immunizations (Group 1) (serum dilution at which the optical density is 1.0 referred to as the OD 1.0) Positive predictive values for anti-PfCSP antibody responses at or above a threshold for predicting sterile protection following CHMI (threshold = OD 1.0 of 2,000)

1 secondary outcome

Immunological outcomes
Time frame: Day of immunization till 28 days post-CHMI

Results and safety

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Oct 2018.
Background: PubMed 23929949Seder RA, Chang LJ, Enama ME, Zephir KL, Sarwar UN, Gordon IJ, Holman LA, James ER, Billingsley PF, Gunasekera A, Richman A, Chakravarty S, Manoj A, Velmurugan S, Li M, Ruben AJ, Li T, Eappen AG, Stafford RE, Plummer SH, Hendel CS, Novik L, Costner PJ, Mendoza FH, Saunders JG, Nason MC, Richardson JH, Murphy J, Davidson SA, Richie TL, Sedegah M, Sutamihardja A, Fahle GA, Lyke KE, Laurens MB, Roederer M, Tewari K, Epstein JE, Sim BK, Ledgerwood JE, Graham BS, Hoffman SL; VRC 312 Study Team. Protection against malaria by intravenous immunization with a nonreplicating sporozoite vaccine. Science. 2013 Sep 20;341(6152):1359-65. doi: 10.1126/science.1241800. Epub 2013 Aug 8.
Background: PubMed 21903775Epstein JE, Tewari K, Lyke KE, Sim BK, Billingsley PF, Laurens MB, Gunasekera A, Chakravarty S, James ER, Sedegah M, Richman A, Velmurugan S, Reyes S, Li M, Tucker K, Ahumada A, Ruben AJ, Li T, Stafford R, Eappen AG, Tamminga C, Bennett JW, Ockenhouse CF, Murphy JR, Komisar J, Thomas N, Loyevsky M, Birkett A, Plowe CV, Loucq C, Edelman R, Richie TL, Seder RA, Hoffman SL. Live attenuated malaria vaccine designed to protect through hepatic CD8(+) T cell immunity. Science. 2011 Oct 28;334(6055):475-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1211548. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
Background: PubMed 27158907Ishizuka AS, Lyke KE, DeZure A, Berry AA, Richie TL, Mendoza FH, Enama ME, Gordon IJ, Chang LJ, Sarwar UN, Zephir KL, Holman LA, James ER, Billingsley PF, Gunasekera A, Chakravarty S, Manoj A, Li M, Ruben AJ, Li T, Eappen AG, Stafford RE, K C N, Murshedkar T, DeCederfelt H, Plummer SH, Hendel CS, Novik L, Costner PJ, Saunders JG, Laurens MB, Plowe CV, Flynn B, Whalen WR, Todd JP, Noor J, Rao S, Sierra-Davidson K, Lynn GM, Epstein JE, Kemp MA, Fahle GA, Mikolajczak SA, Fishbaugher M, Sack BK, Kappe SH, Davidson SA, Garver LS, Bjorkstrom NK, Nason MC, Graham BS, Roederer M, Sim BK, Hoffman SL, Ledgerwood JE, Seder RA. Protection against malaria at 1 year and immune correlates following PfSPZ vaccination. Nat Med. 2016 Jun;22(6):614-23. doi: 10.1038/nm.4110. Epub 2016 May 9.
Background: PubMed 28223498Lyke KE, Ishizuka AS, Berry AA, Chakravarty S, DeZure A, Enama ME, James ER, Billingsley PF, Gunasekera A, Manoj A, Li M, Ruben AJ, Li T, Eappen AG, Stafford RE, Kc N, Murshedkar T, Mendoza FH, Gordon IJ, Zephir KL, Holman LA, Plummer SH, Hendel CS, Novik L, Costner PJ, Saunders JG, Berkowitz NM, Flynn BJ, Nason MC, Garver LS, Laurens MB, Plowe CV, Richie TL, Graham BS, Roederer M, Sim BK, Ledgerwood JE, Hoffman SL, Seder RA. Attenuated PfSPZ Vaccine induces strain-transcending T cells and durable protection against heterologous controlled human malaria infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Mar 7;114(10):2711-2716. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1615324114. Epub 2017 Feb 21.
Background: PubMed 28097230Epstein JE, Paolino KM, Richie TL, Sedegah M, Singer A, Ruben AJ, Chakravarty S, Stafford A, Ruck RC, Eappen AG, Li T, Billingsley PF, Manoj A, Silva JC, Moser K, Nielsen R, Tosh D, Cicatelli S, Ganeshan H, Case J, Padilla D, Davidson S, Garver L, Saverino E, Murshedkar T, Gunasekera A, Twomey PS, Reyes S, Moon JE, James ER, Kc N, Li M, Abot E, Belmonte A, Hauns K, Belmonte M, Huang J, Vasquez C, Remich S, Carrington M, Abebe Y, Tillman A, Hickey B, Regules J, Villasante E, Sim BKL, Hoffman SL. Protection against Plasmodium falciparum malaria by PfSPZ Vaccine. JCI Insight. 2017 Jan 12;2(1):e89154. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.89154.
Derived from this study: PubMed 32920641Lyke KE, Singer A, Berry AA, Reyes S, Chakravarty S, James ER, Billingsley PF, Gunasekera A, Manoj A, Murshedkar T, Laurens MB, Church WP, Garver Baldwin LS, Sedegah M, Banania G, Ganeshan H, Guzman I, Reyes A, Wong M, Belmonte A, Ozemoya A, Belmonte M, Huang J, Villasante E, Sim BKL, Hoffman SL, Richie TL, Epstein JE; Warfighter II Study Team. Multidose Priming and Delayed Boosting Improve Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoite Vaccine Efficacy Against Heterologous P. falciparum Controlled Human Malaria Infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 5;73(7):e2424-e2435. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1294.

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Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

Alexandra Singer, MD principal investigator

Naval Medical Research Center

2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 2 study testing PfSPZ Vaccine, CHMI (7G8) and CHMI (NF135.C10) in people with Malaria, run by Sanaria Inc. at 2 sites in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 22 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Oct 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 2 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Incidence and type of Adverse Events (time frame: 52 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02601716, which also lists 6 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Oct 2018.