DepressionNCT02667353
Neurorestorative Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) in Patients With Severe Late Life Depression
A study testing ECT, Etomidate and Succinylcholine in people with Depression, run by Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven.
Trial summary
To study the potential neurorestorative effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in depressed patients by measuring brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serum levels and hippocampal volumes in severely depressed patients receiving ECT. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 55 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Depression
- What is being tested?
- ECT, Etomidate and Succinylcholine
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion, Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 110 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- Jun 2011to Dec 2015
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 55 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients are considered suitable after they were diagnosed as having severe depression according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM-IV criteria) and were above 55 years of age.
Who cannot join
- another major psychiatric illness, (a history of) a major neurological illness (including Parkinson's disease, stroke, and dementia) and metal implants precluding Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
- Subjects were included at the University Psychiatric Center Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium and Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg in Geest (GGZinGeest), Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The project is part of the project Mood Disorders in Elderly and Electroconvulsive therapy (MODECT).
About this study
Official title: Structural Brain Plasticity in Elderly Depressed Patients Following Electroconvulsive Therapy
To study the potential neurorestorative effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in depressed patients by measuring brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serum levels and hippocampal volumes in severely depressed patients receiving ECT.
Read the detailed description
The investigators want to study the potential neurorestorative effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in depressed patients by measuring brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serum levels and hippocampal volumes in severely depressed patients receiving ECT.
Clinical studies in severely depressed patients have shown that antidepressants and ECT can increase Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) serum levels. BDNF serum levels will be measured before, during and after ECT. In animal studies this increase in serum BDNF was shown to induce hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting and the investigators want to study this phenomenon in humans. Recently, a volumetric magnetic resonance imaging study showed increased hippocampal volume in patients with depression. Hippocampal volumes will be determined with magnetic resonance imaging scannings including voxel based morphometry. Severe depression is accompanied by a dysfunction of the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. Cortisol and several other hormones have psychotropic effects, and their excesses or deficiencies induce states of mania or depression. High levels of cortisol suppress hippocampal neurogenesis. Animal models have shown that this suppressive effect of cortisol on hippocampal neurogenesis could be reversed to normal levels by electroconvulsive stimulation, the animal model for ECT. This animal study is in good accordance with clinical findings.
The investigators hypothesize the following: Increase of brain-derived neurotrophic factor serum levels induced by electroconvulsive therapy are associated with remission and is correlated with a neurorestorative effect, which is an increase of hippocampal volume. Non- response to ECT is explained by either low BDNF serum levels regardless of hippocampus size, or by (more advanced) medial temporal lobe atrophy (beyond a point of no return) despite increased BDNF serum levels.
Additionally, four relevant functional candidate genes will be examined, based on their putative role in neurotrophic processes and/or in treatment response in depression: the brain derived neurotrophic factor gene, the serotonin transporter gene, the vascular endothelial growth factor gene and the apolipoprotein gene.
The investigators will also evaluate cognitive and psychomotor changes following electroconvulsive therapy given their clinical relevance in late life depression.
- Conditions
- Depression
- Being tested
- ECT, Etomidate, Succinylcholine
- Keywords
- electroconvulsive, hippocampus, elderly, working mechanism
- Medical subject headings
- Depression
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
ECTProcedure or surgery
Also called electroconvulsive therapy
ECT was administered twice a week with a constant-current brief-pulse device (Thymatron, System IV). Motor and electroencephalographic seizures were monitored to ensure adequate duration and quality. Subjects were all treated with right unilateral (RUL) ECT with stimulus intensity 6 times the initial seizure threshold (ST), as determined by empirical dose titration at the first treatment, until remission (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) (27) < 10 in two consecutive ratings with a week interval). Subjects who failed to respond right unilateral ECT after the sixth treatment were switched to bitemporal ECT (1.5x seizure threshold).
EtomidateDrug
Also called anesthetic
Anesthesia was achieved with intravenous administration of etomidate (0.2mg/kg).
SuccinylcholineDrug
Also called muscle relaxant
Anesthesia was achieved with intravenous administration of succinylcholine (1mg/kg).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| electroconvulsive therapy | Other | only one arm in this study: patients who are treated with electroconvulsive therapy and have been given anesthesia with etomidate and succinylcholine Receives: Procedure: ECT; Drug: Etomidate; Drug: Succinylcholine |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
change in hippocampal volume as assessed by manual delineation following an initial automatic segmentation
Hippocampal volumes were normalized using the following equation: normalised hippocampal volume = original hippocampal volume - linear regression coefficient x (total intracranial volume - mean total intracranial volume). The coefficient was derived from a linear regression of total intracranial volume and original hippocampal volume. Total intracranial volume was obtained from an automated segmentation of grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid. Intra-rater reliability was determined using randomly selected scans segmented at two time-points at least one month apart. The intra-class correlation coefficient (Cronbach's alfa) was 0.96 for the left hippocampus and 0.95 for the right hippocampus.
Measured: 6 months
change in brain derived neurotrophic factor as assessed by the Emax Immuno Assay system
Blood samples were taken between 07:30 am and 09:30 am after an overnight fast. Serum was immediately separated and stored at -85 °celcius until assayed. BDNF protein levels were measured using the Emax Immuno Assay system from Promega according to the manufacturer's protocol (Madison, United States of America), in one laboratory (Maastricht University). Undiluted serum was acid treated as this reliably increased the detectable BDNF in a dilution-dependent way. Greiner Bio-One high affinity 96-well plates were used. Serum samples were diluted 100 times, and the absorbency was read in duplicate using a Bio-Rad (Hercules, United States of America) Benchmark microplate reader at 450 nm.
Measured: 4 weeks
change of mood as assessed by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)
The MADRS is a ten-item diagnostic questionnaire which psychiatrists use to measure the severity of depressive episodes in patients with mood disorders. Higher MADRS score indicates more severe depression, and each item yields a score of 0 to 6. The overall score ranges from 0 to 60. The questionnaire includes questions on the following symptoms: apparent sadness; reported sadness; inner tension; reduced sleep; reduced appetite; concentration difficulties; lassitude; inability to feel; pessimistic thoughts; suicidal thoughts.
Measured: up to 1 year
Secondary outcomes (2)
change of cognition as assessed by the mini mental state examination
The mini-mental state examination is a 30-point questionnaire that is used extensively in clinical and research settings to measure cognitive impairment. The test includes questions in a number of areas: the time and place, repeating lists of words, arithmetic, and basic motor skills.
Measured: up to 1 year
change of psychomotor symptoms as assessed by the CORE (not an acronym)
The CORE (this is not an acronym) was used to assess psychomotor symptoms in detail and comprises 18 observable features which are rated on a four-point scale. Summing subsets of the items produces scores on three dimensions found to underlay psychomotor change: non-interactiveness, retardation and agitation.
Measured: up to 1 year
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Jan 2016 (estimated)
- Study startJun 2011
- Primary completionJun 2014
- Study completionDec 2015
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (20)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for DepressionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU LeuvenThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 110 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- VU University of Amsterdam
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Mathieu Vandenbulcke, MD PhD, Study director, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02667353
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- S53144
- Status last verified
- Jan 2016
- First submitted
- 18 Jan 2016
- Last updated
- 28 Jan 2016
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Bolwig TG. How does electroconvulsive therapy work? Theories on its mechanism. Can J Psychiatry. 2011 Jan;56(1):13-8. doi: 10.1177/070674371105600104.
PubMed 21324238Bocchio-Chiavetto L, Zanardini R, Bortolomasi M, Abate M, Segala M, Giacopuzzi M, Riva MA, Marchina E, Pasqualetti P, Perez J, Gennarelli M. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) increases serum Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in drug resistant depressed patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006 Dec;16(8):620-4. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2006.04.010. Epub 2006 Jun 6.
PubMed 16757154Bolwig TG, Madsen TM. Electroconvulsive therapy in melancholia: the role of hippocampal neurogenesis. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 2007;(433):130-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.00971.x.
PubMed 17280579Chen AC, Shin KH, Duman RS, Sanacora G. ECS-Induced mossy fiber sprouting and BDNF expression are attenuated by ketamine pretreatment. J ECT. 2001 Mar;17(1):27-32. doi: 10.1097/00124509-200103000-00006.
PubMed 11281511Duman RS, Monteggia LM. A neurotrophic model for stress-related mood disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Jun 15;59(12):1116-27. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.02.013. Epub 2006 Apr 21.
PubMed 16631126Egan MF, Kojima M, Callicott JH, Goldberg TE, Kolachana BS, Bertolino A, Zaitsev E, Gold B, Goldman D, Dean M, Lu B, Weinberger DR. The BDNF val66met polymorphism affects activity-dependent secretion of BDNF and human memory and hippocampal function. Cell. 2003 Jan 24;112(2):257-69. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00035-7.
PubMed 12553913Fisman M, Rabheru K, Hegele RA, Sharma V, Fisman D, Doering M, Appell J. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and response to electroconvulsive therapy. J ECT. 2001 Mar;17(1):11-4. doi: 10.1097/00124509-200103000-00003.
PubMed 11281508Marano CM, Phatak P, Vemulapalli UR, Sasan A, Nalbandyan MR, Ramanujam S, Soekadar S, Demosthenous M, Regenold WT. Increased plasma concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor with electroconvulsive therapy: a pilot study in patients with major depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Apr;68(4):512-7. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v68n0404.
PubMed 17474805Montgomery SA, Asberg M. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry. 1979 Apr;134:382-9. doi: 10.1192/bjp.134.4.382.
PubMed 444788Newton SS, Collier EF, Hunsberger J, Adams D, Terwilliger R, Selvanayagam E, Duman RS. Gene profile of electroconvulsive seizures: induction of neurotrophic and angiogenic factors. J Neurosci. 2003 Nov 26;23(34):10841-51. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-34-10841.2003.
PubMed 14645477Nordanskog P, Dahlstrand U, Larsson MR, Larsson EM, Knutsson L, Johanson A. Increase in hippocampal volume after electroconvulsive therapy in patients with depression: a volumetric magnetic resonance imaging study. J ECT. 2010 Mar;26(1):62-7. doi: 10.1097/YCT.0b013e3181a95da8.
PubMed 20190603Oudega ML, van Exel E, Wattjes MP, Comijs HC, Scheltens P, Barkhof F, Eikelenboom P, de Craen AJ, Beekman AT, Stek ML. White matter hyperintensities, medial temporal lobe atrophy, cortical atrophy, and response to electroconvulsive therapy in severely depressed elderly patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 Jan;72(1):104-12. doi: 10.4088/JCP.08m04989blu. Epub 2010 Aug 24.
PubMed 20816035Sapolsky RM. Depression, antidepressants, and the shrinking hippocampus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Oct 23;98(22):12320-2. doi: 10.1073/pnas.231475998. No abstract available.
PubMed 11675480Segi-Nishida E, Warner-Schmidt JL, Duman RS. Electroconvulsive seizure and VEGF increase the proliferation of neural stem-like cells in rat hippocampus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 12;105(32):11352-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0710858105. Epub 2008 Aug 5.
PubMed 18682560Steffens DC, Byrum CE, McQuoid DR, Greenberg DL, Payne ME, Blitchington TF, MacFall JR, Krishnan KR. Hippocampal volume in geriatric depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2000 Aug 15;48(4):301-9. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00829-5.
PubMed 10960161
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Jan 2016. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Structural Brain Plasticity in Elderly Depressed Patients Following Electroconvulsive Therapy
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02667353
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- S53144
- Conditions
- Depression
- Keywords
- electroconvulsive, hippocampus, elderly, working mechanism
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 110 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU LeuvenUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- VU University of Amsterdam
- Study start
- Jun 2011
- Primary completion
- Jun 2014 (actual)
- Study completion
- Dec 2015 (actual)
- First posted
- 28 Jan 2016 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
To study the potential neurorestorative effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in depressed patients by measuring brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serum levels and hippocampal volumes in severely depressed patients receiving ECT.
Detailed description
The investigators want to study the potential neurorestorative effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in depressed patients by measuring brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serum levels and hippocampal volumes in severely depressed patients receiving ECT.
Clinical studies in severely depressed patients have shown that antidepressants and ECT can increase Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) serum levels. BDNF serum levels will be measured before, during and after ECT. In animal studies this increase in serum BDNF was shown to induce hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting and the investigators want to study this phenomenon in humans. Recently, a volumetric magnetic resonance imaging study showed increased hippocampal volume in patients with depression. Hippocampal volumes will be determined with magnetic resonance imaging scannings including voxel based morphometry. Severe depression is accompanied by a dysfunction of the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. Cortisol and several other hormones have psychotropic effects, and their excesses or deficiencies induce states of mania or depression. High levels of cortisol suppress hippocampal neurogenesis. Animal models have shown that this suppressive effect of cortisol on hippocampal neurogenesis could be reversed to normal levels by electroconvulsive stimulation, the animal model for ECT. This animal study is in good accordance with clinical findings.
The investigators hypothesize the following: Increase of brain-derived neurotrophic factor serum levels induced by electroconvulsive therapy are associated with remission and is correlated with a neurorestorative effect, which is an increase of hippocampal volume. Non- response to ECT is explained by either low BDNF serum levels regardless of hippocampus size, or by (more advanced) medial temporal lobe atrophy (beyond a point of no return) despite increased BDNF serum levels.
Additionally, four relevant functional candidate genes will be examined, based on their putative role in neurotrophic processes and/or in treatment response in depression: the brain derived neurotrophic factor gene, the serotonin transporter gene, the vascular endothelial growth factor gene and the apolipoprotein gene.
The investigators will also evaluate cognitive and psychomotor changes following electroconvulsive therapy given their clinical relevance in late life depression.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| electroconvulsive therapy | Other | Procedure: ECT, Drug: Etomidate, Drug: Succinylcholineonly one arm in this study: patients who are treated with electroconvulsive therapy and have been given anesthesia with etomidate and succinylcholine |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 55 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Patients are considered suitable after they were diagnosed as having severe depression according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM-IV criteria) and were above 55 years of age.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- another major psychiatric illness, (a history of) a major neurological illness (including Parkinson's disease, stroke, and dementia) and metal implants precluding Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
- Subjects were included at the University Psychiatric Center Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium and Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg in Geest (GGZinGeest), Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The project is part of the project Mood Disorders in Elderly and Electroconvulsive therapy (MODECT).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| ECTAlso: electroconvulsive therapyECT was administered twice a week with a constant-current brief-pulse device (Thymatron, System IV). Motor and electroencephalographic seizures were monitored to ensure adequate duration and quality. Subjects were all treated with right unilateral (RUL) ECT with stimulus intensity 6 times the initial seizure threshold (ST), as determined by empirical dose titration at the first treatment, until remission (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) (27) < 10 in two consecutive ratings with a week interval). Subjects who failed to respond right unilateral ECT after the sixth treatment were switched to bitemporal ECT (1.5x seizure threshold). | Procedure or surgery | electroconvulsive therapy |
| EtomidateAlso: anestheticAnesthesia was achieved with intravenous administration of etomidate (0.2mg/kg). | Drug | electroconvulsive therapy |
| SuccinylcholineAlso: muscle relaxantAnesthesia was achieved with intravenous administration of succinylcholine (1mg/kg). | Drug | electroconvulsive therapy |
Primary outcome
change in hippocampal volume as assessed by manual delineation following an initial automatic segmentation
Time frame: 6 months
Hippocampal volumes were normalized using the following equation: normalised hippocampal volume = original hippocampal volume - linear regression coefficient x (total intracranial volume - mean total intracranial volume). The coefficient was derived from a linear regression of total intracranial volume and original hippocampal volume. Total intracranial volume was obtained from an automated segmentation of grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid. Intra-rater reliability was determined using randomly selected scans segmented at two time-points at least one month apart. The intra-class correlation coefficient (Cronbach's alfa) was 0.96 for the left hippocampus and 0.95 for the right hippocampus.
change in brain derived neurotrophic factor as assessed by the Emax Immuno Assay system
Time frame: 4 weeks
Blood samples were taken between 07:30 am and 09:30 am after an overnight fast. Serum was immediately separated and stored at -85 °celcius until assayed. BDNF protein levels were measured using the Emax Immuno Assay system from Promega according to the manufacturer's protocol (Madison, United States of America), in one laboratory (Maastricht University). Undiluted serum was acid treated as this reliably increased the detectable BDNF in a dilution-dependent way. Greiner Bio-One high affinity 96-well plates were used. Serum samples were diluted 100 times, and the absorbency was read in duplicate using a Bio-Rad (Hercules, United States of America) Benchmark microplate reader at 450 nm.
change of mood as assessed by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)
Time frame: up to 1 year
The MADRS is a ten-item diagnostic questionnaire which psychiatrists use to measure the severity of depressive episodes in patients with mood disorders. Higher MADRS score indicates more severe depression, and each item yields a score of 0 to 6. The overall score ranges from 0 to 60. The questionnaire includes questions on the following symptoms: apparent sadness; reported sadness; inner tension; reduced sleep; reduced appetite; concentration difficulties; lassitude; inability to feel; pessimistic thoughts; suicidal thoughts.
2 secondary outcomes
change of cognition as assessed by the mini mental state examination
Time frame: up to 1 year
change of psychomotor symptoms as assessed by the CORE (not an acronym)
Time frame: up to 1 year
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Jan 2016.
- Background: PubMed 21324238Bolwig TG. How does electroconvulsive therapy work? Theories on its mechanism. Can J Psychiatry. 2011 Jan;56(1):13-8. doi: 10.1177/070674371105600104.
- Background: PubMed 16757154Bocchio-Chiavetto L, Zanardini R, Bortolomasi M, Abate M, Segala M, Giacopuzzi M, Riva MA, Marchina E, Pasqualetti P, Perez J, Gennarelli M. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) increases serum Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in drug resistant depressed patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006 Dec;16(8):620-4. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2006.04.010. Epub 2006 Jun 6.
- Background: PubMed 17280579Bolwig TG, Madsen TM. Electroconvulsive therapy in melancholia: the role of hippocampal neurogenesis. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 2007;(433):130-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.00971.x.
- Background: PubMed 11281511Chen AC, Shin KH, Duman RS, Sanacora G. ECS-Induced mossy fiber sprouting and BDNF expression are attenuated by ketamine pretreatment. J ECT. 2001 Mar;17(1):27-32. doi: 10.1097/00124509-200103000-00006.
- Background: PubMed 16631126Duman RS, Monteggia LM. A neurotrophic model for stress-related mood disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Jun 15;59(12):1116-27. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.02.013. Epub 2006 Apr 21.
- Background: PubMed 12553913Egan MF, Kojima M, Callicott JH, Goldberg TE, Kolachana BS, Bertolino A, Zaitsev E, Gold B, Goldman D, Dean M, Lu B, Weinberger DR. The BDNF val66met polymorphism affects activity-dependent secretion of BDNF and human memory and hippocampal function. Cell. 2003 Jan 24;112(2):257-69. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00035-7.
- Background: PubMed 11281508Fisman M, Rabheru K, Hegele RA, Sharma V, Fisman D, Doering M, Appell J. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and response to electroconvulsive therapy. J ECT. 2001 Mar;17(1):11-4. doi: 10.1097/00124509-200103000-00003.
- Background: PubMed 17474805Marano CM, Phatak P, Vemulapalli UR, Sasan A, Nalbandyan MR, Ramanujam S, Soekadar S, Demosthenous M, Regenold WT. Increased plasma concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor with electroconvulsive therapy: a pilot study in patients with major depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Apr;68(4):512-7. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v68n0404.
- Background: PubMed 444788Montgomery SA, Asberg M. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry. 1979 Apr;134:382-9. doi: 10.1192/bjp.134.4.382.
- Background: PubMed 14645477Newton SS, Collier EF, Hunsberger J, Adams D, Terwilliger R, Selvanayagam E, Duman RS. Gene profile of electroconvulsive seizures: induction of neurotrophic and angiogenic factors. J Neurosci. 2003 Nov 26;23(34):10841-51. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-34-10841.2003.
- Background: PubMed 20190603Nordanskog P, Dahlstrand U, Larsson MR, Larsson EM, Knutsson L, Johanson A. Increase in hippocampal volume after electroconvulsive therapy in patients with depression: a volumetric magnetic resonance imaging study. J ECT. 2010 Mar;26(1):62-7. doi: 10.1097/YCT.0b013e3181a95da8.
- Background: PubMed 20816035Oudega ML, van Exel E, Wattjes MP, Comijs HC, Scheltens P, Barkhof F, Eikelenboom P, de Craen AJ, Beekman AT, Stek ML. White matter hyperintensities, medial temporal lobe atrophy, cortical atrophy, and response to electroconvulsive therapy in severely depressed elderly patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 Jan;72(1):104-12. doi: 10.4088/JCP.08m04989blu. Epub 2010 Aug 24.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Mathieu Vandenbulcke, MD PhD study director
Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing ECT, Etomidate and Succinylcholine in people with Depression, run by Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Jan 2016. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
change in hippocampal volume as assessed by manual delineation following an initial automatic segmentation (time frame: 6 months). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02667353, which also lists 20 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Jan 2016.