AnemiaPhase 3NCT02680574
Efficacy and Safety Study to Evaluate Vadadustat for the Maintenance Treatment of Anemia in Participants With Non-dialysis-dependent Chronic Kidney Disease (NDD-CKD)
A Phase 3 study testing Vadadustat and Darbepoetin alfa in people with Anemia and Non-Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease, run by Akebia Therapeutics at 503 sites in 30 countries.
Trial summary
A multicenter, randomized, open-label, active-controlled Phase 3 study for the maintenance treatment of anemia in participants with Non-dialysis-dependent Chronic Kidney Disease (NDD-CKD) Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Anemia, Non-Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease
- What is being tested?
- Vadadustat and Darbepoetin alfa
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine, Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 1,725 participants
- Where
- 503 sitesin 30 countries
- Study dates
- Feb 2016to 31 Jul 2020
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- ≥18 years of age
- Diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤60 milliliters per minute per 1.73 square meter (mL/min/1.73 m^2) at Screening and not expected to start dialysis within 6 months of Screening
- Currently maintained on erythropoiesis-stimulating agents therapy, with a dose received within 6 weeks prior to or during Screening
- Mean Screening hemoglobin between 8.0 and 11.0 grams per deciliter (g/dL) (inclusive) in the United States (US) and between 9.0 and 12.0 g/dL (inclusive) outside of the US
- Serum ferritin ≥100 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) and transferrin saturation (TSAT) ≥20% during Screening
Who cannot join
- Anemia due to a cause other than CKD or participant with active bleeding or recent blood loss
- Red blood cell transfusion within 8 weeks prior to randomization
- Uncontrolled hypertension
- Severe heart failure at Screening (New York Heart Association Class IV)
- Acute coronary syndrome (hospitalization for unstable angina or myocardial infarction), surgical or percutaneous intervention for coronary, cerebrovascular, or peripheral artery disease (aortic or lower extremity), surgical or percutaneous valvular replacement or repair, sustained ventricular tachycardia, hospitalization for heart failure, or stroke within 12 weeks prior to or during Screening
- Hypersensitivity to Darbepoetin or Vadadustat or to any of their excipients
Trial locations and contacts
503 sites in 30 countries.
503 sites in 30 countries
United States219 sites
Research Site
Akron, Ohio, 44302
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Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87106
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Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87108
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Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87109
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Alexandria, Virginia, 22304
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Anaheim, California, 92801
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Anderson, Indiana, 46011
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Anderson, South Carolina, 29625
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Arlington, Texas, 76015
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Arlington, Virginia, 22207
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Arvada, Colorado, 80002
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Asheville, North Carolina, 28801
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Atlanta, Georgia, 30338
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Atlanta, Georgia, 30342
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Atlanta, Georgia, 30350
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Augusta, Georgia, 30909
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Bakersfield, California, 93309
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Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
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Berlin, New Jersey, 08009
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Birmingham, Alabama, 35211
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Bradenton, Florida, 34209
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Brandon, Florida, 33511
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Burlington, Vermont, 05401
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Butte, Montana, 59701
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Chattanooga, Tennessee, 37408
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Chicago, Illinois, 60637
Research Site #1
Chula Vista, California, 91910
Research Site #2
Chula Vista, California, 91910
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Clinton, Utah, 84015
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Columbia, Missouri, 65201
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Columbia, South Carolina, 29203
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Columbus, Georgia, 31901
Research Site #1
Columbus, Georgia, 31904
Research Site #2
Columbus, Georgia, 31904
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Columbus, Ohio, 43203
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Cooper City, Florida, 33024
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Coral Gables, Florida, 33134
Research Site #2
Coral Gables, Florida, 33134
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Coral Springs, Florida, 33065
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Coral Springs, Florida, 33071
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Dallas, Texas, 75220
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Dallas, Texas, 75390
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Danville, Virginia, 24541
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Denver, Colorado, 80230
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DeSoto, Texas, 75115
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Detroit, Michigan, 48202
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Doral, Florida, 33166
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Doylestown, Pennsylvania, 18901
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East Providence, Rhode Island, 02915
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Edgewater, Florida, 32132
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El Centro, California, 92243
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El Paso, Texas, 79935
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Elk Grove Village, Illinois, 60007
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Evanston, Illinois, 60201
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Flushing, New York, 11355
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Fort Wayne, Indiana, 46804
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Fort Worth, Texas, 76104
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Fountain Valley, California, 92708
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Glendale, Arizona, 85306
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Glendale, California, 91206
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Gonzales, Texas, 78629
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Granada Hills, California, 91344
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Greenbelt, Maryland, 20770
Research Site #1
Greenville, North Carolina, 27834
Research Site #2
Greenville, North Carolina, 27834
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Greenville, Texas, 75401
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Greenville, Texas, 75402
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Gulfport, Mississippi, 39501
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Hampton, Virginia, 23666
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Hialeah, Florida, 33010
Research Site #1
Hialeah, Florida, 33012
Research Site #2
Hialeah, Florida, 33012
Research Site #3
Hialeah, Florida, 33012
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Hialeah, Florida, 33018
Research Site #1
Hollywood, Florida, 33024
Research Site #2
Hollywood, Florida, 33024
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Houston, Texas, 33143
Research Site #1
Houston, Texas, 77004
Research Site #2
Houston, Texas, 77004
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Houston, Texas, 77054
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Huntsville, Alabama, 35805
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Jacksonville, Florida, 32204
Research Site #1
Jacksonville, Florida, 32216
Research Site #2
Jacksonville, Florida, 32216
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Jacksonville, North Carolina, 28546
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Jeffersonville, Indiana, 47130
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Jersey Shore, Pennsylvania, 17740
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Kansas City, Missouri, 64111
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Kansas City, Missouri, 64128
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Kinston, North Carolina, 28504
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Knoxville, Tennessee, 37923
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La Mesa, California, 91942
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Laguna Hills, California, 92653
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Lake Worth, Florida, 33467
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Lansdowne Town Center, Virginia, 20176
Research Site #1
Las Vegas, Nevada, 89106
Research Site #2
Las Vegas, Nevada, 89106
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Lauderdale Lakes, Florida, 33313
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Laurelton, New York, 11413
Research Site #1
Lawrenceville, Georgia, 30046
Research Site #2
Lawrenceville, Georgia, 30046
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Lewisville, Texas, 75057
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Lincoln, Nebraska, 68510
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Long Beach, California, 90807
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Long Beach, California, 92886
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Los Angeles, California, 90048
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Lynwood, California, 90260
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Macon, Georgia, 31217
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Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
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Marion, Ohio, 43302
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Maumee, Ohio, 43537
Research Site #1
McAllen, Texas, 78503
Research Site #2
McAllen, Texas, 78503
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McHenry, Illinois, 60050
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McKinney, Texas, 75069
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McKinney, Texas, 75071
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Memphis, Tennessee, 38104
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Meridian, Idaho, 83642
Research Site #1
Merrillville, Indiana, 46410
Research Site #2
Merrillville, Indiana, 46410
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Mesa, Arizona, 85210
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Methuen, Massachusetts, 01844
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Miami, Florida, 33122
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Miami, Florida, 33125-4141
Research Site #1
Miami, Florida, 33126
Research Site #2
Miami, Florida, 33126
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Miami, Florida, 33133
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Miami, Florida, 33134
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Miami, Florida, 33135
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Miami, Florida, 33143
Research Site #1
Miami, Florida, 33144
Research Site #2
Miami, Florida, 33144
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Miami, Florida, 33145
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Miami, Florida, 33150
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Miami, Florida, 33157
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Miami, Florida, 33165
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Miami, Florida, 33169
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Miami, Florida, 33173
Research Site #1
Miami, Florida, 33175
Research Site #2
Miami, Florida, 33175
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Miami Beach, Florida, 33140
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Miami Lakes, Florida, 33014
Research Site #1
Miami Lakes, Florida, 33016
Research Site #2
Miami Lakes, Florida, 33016
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Michigan City, Indiana, 46360
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Mineola, New York, 11501
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Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55404
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Monroe, Louisiana, 71201
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Morehead City, North Carolina, 28557
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Muncie, Indiana, 47304
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Nashville, Tennessee, 37205
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New Bern, North Carolina, 28560
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New Orleans, Louisiana, 70115
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New York, New York, 10010
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Norfolk, Virginia, 23507
Research Site #1
Northridge, California, 91324
Research Site #2
Northridge, California, 91324
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Omaha, Nebraska, 68124
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Orangeburg, South Carolina, 29118
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Pembroke Pines, Florida, 33026
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Peoria, Illinois, 61603
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Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
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Phoenix, Arizona, 85027
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Plano, Texas, 75024-5327
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Plymouth, Massachusetts, 02360
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Pompano Beach, Florida, 33060
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Pontiac, Michigan, 48341
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Port Charlotte, Florida, 33952
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Port Huron, Michigan, 91344
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Portland, Maine, 04102
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Portland, Oregon, 97216
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Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 03801
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Providence, Rhode Island, 02908
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Riverside, California, 92505
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Roseville, California, 95661
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Roseville, Michigan, 48066
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Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55102
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Salem, Virginia, 24153
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Salinas, California, 93901
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Salt Lake City, Utah, 84115
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San Antonio, Texas, 78207
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San Antonio, Texas, 78212-4740
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San Antonio, Texas, 78224
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San Antonio, Texas, 78240-1501
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San Diego, California, 92103-6204
Research Site #1
San Dimas, California, 91773
Research Site #2
San Dimas, California, 91773
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Santa Ana, California, 92704
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Santa Fe, New Mexico, 87505
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Santa Monica, California, 90404
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Sherman, Texas, 75090
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Sherman Oaks, California, 91403
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Shreveport, Louisiana, 71101
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Shreveport, Louisiana, 71103
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Springfield, Massachusetts, 01107
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St. George, Utah, 84790
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Stamford, Connecticut, 06902
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Sumter, South Carolina, 29150-1900
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Tacoma, Washington, 98405
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Takoma Park, Maryland, 20912
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Tampa, Florida, 33604
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Tampa, Florida, 33612
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Tampa, Florida, 33614
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The Bronx, New York, 10467
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Thousand Oaks, California, 91360
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Tucson, Arizona, 85718
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Tucson, Arizona, 85724
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Tuscumbia, Alabama, 35674
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Victoria, Texas, 77901
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Voorhees Township, New Jersey, 08043
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Waterbury, Connecticut, 06708
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Wenatchee, Washington, 98801
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West Columbia, South Carolina, 29169
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Westminster, Colorado, 80031
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Whittier, California, 90603
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Whittier, California, 99999
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Wilmington, North Carolina, 28401
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Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27103
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Woodbridge, Virginia, 22191
Brazil29 sites
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Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30150-320
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Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-970
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Campinas, São Paulo, 13087-567
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Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 95010-005
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Criciúma, Santa Catarina, 88801-250
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Curitiba, Paraná, 80230-130
Research Site #1
Curitiba, Paraná, 80810-040
Research Site #2
Curitiba, Paraná, 80810-040
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Feira de Santana, Estado de Bahia, 44001-584
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Fortaleza, Ceará, 60115-282
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Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-370
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Itabuna, Estado de Bahia, 45600-625
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Joinville, Santa Catarina, 89202-050
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Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-330
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Maringá, Paraná, 87060-040
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Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-074
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Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903
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Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90160-093
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Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000
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Rio de Janeiro, Rio Do Janeiro, 20551-030
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Salvador, Estado de Bahia, 40451-065
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Santo André, São Paulo, 09080-110
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Santo André, São Paulo, 09090-790
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São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, 09715-090
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São Paulo, São Paulo, 01141-020
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São Paulo, São Paulo, 01406-200
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São Paulo, São Paulo, 04025-011
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São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403-000
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Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29055-450
Argentina28 sites
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Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, B8001HXM
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Ciudad Autonoma Buenos Aires, C1093AAS
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Ciudad Autonoma Buenos Aires, C1430CKE
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Córdoba, 5000
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Córdoba, X5000AAW
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Córdoba, X5000EVQ
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Córdoba, X5020AAA
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Corrientes, 3400
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Godoy Cruz, Mendoza Province, 5501
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Junín, Buenos Aires, 6000
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Junín, Buenos Aires, B6000BHA
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Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, B7600FYK
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Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, B7600FZ
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Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, B7602DCK
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Pergamino, Buenos Aires, B2700CPM
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Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, B1704ETD
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Rosario, Santa Fe Province, S2000DIF
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Rosario, Santa Fe Province, S2000DNM
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Salta, 4406
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San Luis, 5700
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San Miguel, Buenos Aires, B1663CNJ
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San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán Province, 4000
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San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán Province, T4000AXL
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San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán Province, T4000ICL
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San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán Province, T4000
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San Nicolás de los Arroyos, Buenos Aires, B2900DMH
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Sarandí, Buenos Aires, B1872EEA
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Temperley, Buenos Aires, 1834
Mexico22 sites
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Acapulco de Juárez, Guerrero, 39670
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Chihuahua City, 31203
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Chihuahua City, 31217
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Culiacán, Sinaloa, 80030
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Culiacán, Sinaloa, 80200
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Culiacán, Sinaloa, 80230
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Durango, 34000
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Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44130
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Mazatlán, Sinaloa, 82110
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Mexico City, Mexico City, 06100
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Mexico City, Mexico City, 06700
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Monterrey, Nuevo León, 64620
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Monterrey, Nuevo León, 64710
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Morelia, Michoacán, 58260
Research Site #1
Pachuca, Hidalgo, 42070
Research Site #2
Pachuca, Hidalgo, 42070
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San Juan del Río, Querétaro, 76800
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Torreón, Coahuila, 27000
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Veracruz, 91900
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Zapopan, Jalisco, 45030
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Zapopan, Jalisco, 45116
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Zapopan, Jalisco, 45200
Spain19 sites
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Almería, 04007
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Almería, 04009
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Badajoz, 06006
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Barcelona, 08003
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Barcelona, 08025
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Barcelona, 08035
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Elche, Alicante, 03293
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L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907
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Madrid, 28007
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Madrid, 28040
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Madrid, 28041
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Málaga, Málaga, 29010
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Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, 07120
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Pamplona, 31001
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Seville, 41013
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Seville, 41071
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Torrevieja, Alicante, 03186
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Valencia, 46014
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Valencia, 46026
Ukraine18 sites
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Dnipro, 49005
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Ivano-Frankivsk, 76008
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Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018
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Kharkiv, 61037
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Kharkiv, 61039
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Kharkiv, 61103
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Kharkiv, 61157
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Kropyvnytskyi, 25006
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Kyiv, 02125
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Kyiv, 04050
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Lutsk, 43005
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Lviv, 79013
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Mykolaiv, 54058
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Odesa, 65025
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Vinnytsia, 21001
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Vinnytsia, 21005
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Vinnytsia, 21018
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Zaporizhzhya, 69118
Bulgaria17 sites
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Byala, 7100
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Cherven Bryag, 5980
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Lom, 3600
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Silistra, 7500
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Sliven, 8800
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Smolyan, 4700
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Sofia, 1233
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Sofia, 1407
Research Site #1
Sofia, 1431
Research Site #2
Sofia, 1431
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Sofia, 1606
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Sofia, 1784
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Stara Zagora, 6000
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Varna, 9000
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Varna, 9002
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Veliko Tarnovo, 5000
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Vratsa, 3000
Hungary15 sites
Research Site #1
Baja, 6500
Research Site #2
Baja, 6500
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Balatonfüred, 8230
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Budapest, 1076
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Budapest, 1145
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Debrecen, 4032
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Esztergom, 2500
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Hódmezővásárhely, 6800
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Kalocsa, 6300
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Kaposvár, 7400
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Kecskemét, 6000
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Kistarcsa, 2143
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Pécs, 7623
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Szeged, 6720
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Szigetvár, 7900
Australia12 sites
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Adelaide, South Australia, 5000
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Bentleigh East, Victoria, 3165
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Box Hill, Victoria, 3128
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Cairns, Queensland, 4870
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Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050
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Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065
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Gold Coast, Queensland, 9726
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Launceston, Tasmania, 7250
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Liverpool, New South Wales, 2170
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Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009
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Perth, Western Australia, 6000
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Westmead, New South Wales, 2145
Italy12 sites
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Bari, 70124
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Lecco, 23900
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Milan, 20142
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Milan, 20162
Research Site #1
Naples, 80138
Research Site #2
Naples, 80138
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Parma, 43100
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Pavia, 27100
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Piedimonte Matese, Caserta, 81016
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Roma, 00168
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San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, 71013
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Siena, 53100
South Korea12 sites
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Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14647
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Busan, 47392
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Busan, 49201
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Daegu, 41944
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Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10380
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Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11923
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Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620
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Seoul, 02841
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Seoul, 03080
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Seoul, 06591
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Seoul, 07345
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Seoul, 135-710
Russia11 sites
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Kazan', 420012
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Kemerovo, 650066
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Krasnoyarsk, 660062
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Nizhny Novgorod, 603076
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Novosibirsk, 630054
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Novosibirsk, 630091
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Petrozavodsk, 185019
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Pushkin, 196603
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Saint Petersburg, 195271
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Saint Petersburg, 197022
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Yaroslavl, 150062
South Africa11 sites
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Bloemfontein, Free State, 9301
Research Site #1
Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 4001
Research Site #2
Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 4001
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Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 4092
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Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 4320
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Pretoria, Gauteng, 0002
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Pretoria, Gauteng, 1692
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Tongaat, KwaZulu-Natal, 4399
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Vereeniging, Gauteng, 1935
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Winnie Mandela, Free State, 9400
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Worcester, Western Cape, 6850
United Kingdom9 sites
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Doncaster, South Yorkshire, DN2 5LT
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Exeter, Devon, EX2 5DW
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Kings Lynn, Norfolk, PE30 4ET
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Leicester, Leicestershire, LE5 4PW
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London, Greater London, E1 1BB
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London, Greater London, SE5 9RS
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Salford, Greater Manchester, M6 8HD
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Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 4AB
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Swansea, SA6 6NL
Colombia7 sites
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Barranquilla, 080020
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Bogotá, 110221
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Espinal, 00000
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Manizales, 170004
Research Site #1
Medellín, 050021
Research Site #2
Medellín, 050021
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Medellín, 500515
France7 sites
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Créteil, Val De Marne, 94010
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Lille, Alpes De Haute Provence, 59000
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Paris, 75015
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Paris, 75020
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Pontoise, Val d'Oise, 95300
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Reims, Marne, 51090
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Saint-Priest-En-Jarez, Pays de la Loire Region, 42055
Romania7 sites
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Bucharest, 010719
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Bucharest, 011794
Research Site #1
Bucharest, 022328
Research Site #2
Bucharest, 022328
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Bucharest, 042122
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Oradea, 410469
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Timișoara, 300182
Serbia7 sites
Research Site #1
Belgrade, 11000
Research Site #2
Belgrade, 11000
Research Site #3
Belgrade, 11000
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Kragujevac, 34000
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Lazarevac, 11000
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Niš, 18000
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Zaječar, 19000
Germany6 sites
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Berlin, 10117
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Berlin, 12627
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Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, 40210
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Hamburg, 22297
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Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, 18057
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Villingen-Schwenningen, Baden-Wurttemberg, 78052
Israel5 sites
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Ashkelon, 78278
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Haifa, 3109601
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Nahariya, 2210001
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Ramat Gan, 52363
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Rishon LeZiyyon, 75141
Slovakia5 sites
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Bardejov, 08501
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Bratislava, 83103
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Galanta, 924 22
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Svidník, 08901
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Trstená, 02801
Turkey (Türkiye)5 sites
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Ankara, 06100
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Erciyes, 38039
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Istanbul, 34098
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Istanbul, 34722
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Kocaeli, 41380
Chile4 sites
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Concepción, 4030000
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Puerto Varas, 5550170
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Santiago, 8431657
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Temuco, 4780000
Czechia4 sites
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České Budějovice, 370 01
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Hradec Králové, 50333
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Prague, 128 08
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Prague, 140 21
Malaysia4 sites
Research Site
Alor Star, Kedah, 05460
Research Site
Kuala Lumpur, 56000
Research Site
Kuala Lumpur, 59100
Research Site
Pulau Pinang, 10990
Austria3 sites
Research Site
Sankt Pölten, 3100
Research Site
Vienna, 1030
Research Site
Vienna, 1220
New Zealand2 sites
Research Site
Hamilton, 3200
Research Site
New Plymouth, 4342
About this study
Official title: Phase 3, Randomized, Open-label, Active-controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Vadadustat for the Maintenance Treatment of Anemia in Subjects With Non-dialysis-dependent Chronic Kidney Disease (NDD-CKD) (PRO2TECT-CONVERSION)
A multicenter, randomized, open-label, active-controlled Phase 3 study for the maintenance treatment of anemia in participants with Non-dialysis-dependent Chronic Kidney Disease (NDD-CKD)
Read the detailed description
This is a multicenter, randomized, open-label, active-controlled Phase 3 study of the efficacy and safety of Vadadustat versus Darbepoetin alfa for the maintenance treatment of anemia in participants with NDD-CKD
- Being tested
- Vadadustat, Darbepoetin alfa
- Keywords
- Vadadustat, AKB-6548, Chronic kidney disease, anemia, CKD, chronic renal insufficiency, renal impairment, erythropoietin, kidney, renal, oral anemia treatment, hemoglobin, hypoxia-inducible factor, HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor, HIF-PHI, efficacy, safety, Phase 3, cardiovascular
- Medical subject headings
- Anemia, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Renal Insufficiency
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
VadadustatDrug
Also called AKB-6548
Oral dose administered once daily for ≥36 weeks. Dose adjustment based on hemoglobin level as defined in the protocol.
Darbepoetin alfaDrug
Also called Aranesp
Subcutaneous or intravenous dose administered for ≥36 weeks. Initial dose based on the current package insert for investigational sites in the United States (US), and the Summary of Product Characteristics for all other investigational sites (non-US) for adult participants with chronic kidney disease not on dialysis. For participants already on Darbepoetin alfa, the initial dosing regimen in the study was based on the prior dosing regimen.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Vadadustat | Experimental | Not described Receives: Drug: Vadadustat |
| Darbepoetin alfa | Active comparator | Not described Receives: Drug: Darbepoetin alfa |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin (Hb) to the Average Over the Primary Efficacy Period (Weeks 24 to 36)
The Baseline average was calculated as the average of the Hb values obtained at the screening visit closest to the date of randomization and the randomization visit. The average for the Primary Efficacy Period was calculated as the average Hb value over Weeks 24 to 36. Analysis was conducted using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline hemoglobin concentration (<10.0 versus ≥10.0 g/dL), geographic region (United States [US] versus European Union [EU] versus Rest of World [ROW]), and New York Heart Association congestive heart failure (NYHA CHF) class (Class 0 [no CHF] or I versus II or III) as covariates.
Measured: Baseline; Weeks 24 to 36
Median Time to First Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event (MACE)
MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or non-fatal stroke. The primary safety outcome was positively adjudicated first MACE, which was defined as any death, Endpoint Adjudication Committee (EAC)-confirmed non-fatal MI, or EAC-confirmed non-fatal stroke occurring between the first dose date and each participant's last participation date. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported in below table and under section "Statistical Analysis 1". Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section "Statistical Analysis 2" of this outcome measure.
Measured: Up to Week 208
Secondary outcomes (5)
Change From Baseline in Hb to the Average Over the Secondary Efficacy Period (Weeks 40 to 52)
The Baseline average was calculated as the average of the Hb values obtained at the screening visit closest to the date of randomization and the randomization visit. The average for the Secondary Efficacy Period was calculated as the average Hb value over Weeks 40 to 52. Analysis was conducted using an ANCOVA model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline hemoglobin concentration (<10.0 versus ≥10.0 g/dL), geographic region (US versus EU versus ROW), and NYHA CHF class (Class 0 [no CHF] or I versus II or III) as covariates.
Measured: Baseline; Weeks 40 to 52
Median Time to First MACE Plus Hospitalization for Heart Failure or Thromboembolic Event Excluding Vascular Access Thrombosis
MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. Hospitalization for EAC adjudicated heart failure included presentation of participants to an acute care facility requiring an overnight hospitalization (change in calendar day) with an exacerbation of heart failure requiring treatment. EAC confirmed thromboembolic events for this secondary outcome measure included arterial thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported in below table and under section "Statistical Analysis 1". Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section "Statistical Analysis 2" of this outcome measure.
Measured: Up to Week 208
Median Time to First Cardiovascular MACE
MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. Cardiovascular MACE analysis differed from the primary MACE endpoint as it included only deaths adjudicated by the EAC as cardiovascular deaths (i.e, only EAC-confirmed cardiovascular deaths) in addition to first events of non-fatal MI or non-fatal stroke. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported in below table and under section "Statistical Analysis 1". Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section "Statistical Analysis 2" of this outcome measure.
Measured: Up to Week 208
Median Time to First Cardiovascular Death
Cardiovascular death included EAC adjudicated fatal MI, pump failure, sudden death, presumed sudden death, fatal stroke, fatal pulmonary embolism, cardiovascular procedure-related death, other cardiovascular death, and presumed cardiovascular death. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported in below table and under section "Statistical Analysis 1". Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section "Statistical Analysis 2" of this outcome measure.
Measured: Up to Week 208
Median Time to First All-cause Mortality
Only events that were positively adjudicated and confirmed by the EAC were included in the MACE analyses. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported in below table and under section "Statistical Analysis 1". Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section "Statistical Analysis 2" of this outcome measure.
Measured: Up to Week 208
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted11 Feb 2016 (estimated)
- Study startFeb 2016
- Primary completion18 Jun 2020
- Study completion31 Jul 2020
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for AnemiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 1,725 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Akebia Therapeutics
- Sponsor type
- Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Chief Medical Officer, Study director, Akebia Therapeutics
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02680574
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- AKB-6548-CI-0015
- Other IDs
- 2015-004774-14, 2015
- Status last verified
- Jun 2022
- First submitted
- 9 Feb 2016
- Last updated
- 27 Jun 2022
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Chertow GM, Eckardt KU, Sarnak MJ, Winkelmayer WC, Agarwal R, Minga T, Luo W, Burke SK. Safety and Efficacy of Vadadustat for the Treatment of CKD-Related Anemia within and outside the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2025 Oct 1;36(10):1984-1997. doi: 10.1681/ASN.0000000708. Epub 2025 May 13.
PubMed 40359056Parfrey PS, Burke SK, Chertow GM, Eckardt KU, Jardine AG, Lewis EF, Luo W, Matsushita K, McCullough PA, Minga T, Winkelmayer WC. Safety Endpoints With Vadadustat Versus Darbepoetin Alfa in Patients With Non-Dialysis-Dependent CKD: A Post Hoc Regional Analysis of the PRO2TECT Randomized Clinical Trial of ESA-Treated Patients. Kidney Med. 2023 May 12;5(7):100667. doi: 10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100667. eCollection 2023 Jul.
PubMed 37427292Natale P, Palmer SC, Jaure A, Hodson EM, Ruospo M, Cooper TE, Hahn D, Saglimbene VM, Craig JC, Strippoli GF. Hypoxia-inducible factor stabilisers for the anaemia of chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Aug 25;8(8):CD013751. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013751.pub2.
PubMed 36005278Chertow GM, Pergola PE, Farag YMK, Agarwal R, Arnold S, Bako G, Block GA, Burke S, Castillo FP, Jardine AG, Khawaja Z, Koury MJ, Lewis EF, Lin T, Luo W, Maroni BJ, Matsushita K, McCullough PA, Parfrey PS, Roy-Chaudhury P, Sarnak MJ, Sharma A, Spinowitz B, Tseng C, Tumlin J, Vargo DL, Walters KA, Winkelmayer WC, Wittes J, Eckardt KU; PRO2TECT Study Group. Vadadustat in Patients with Anemia and Non-Dialysis-Dependent CKD. N Engl J Med. 2021 Apr 29;384(17):1589-1600. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2035938.
PubMed 33913637
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 27 Jun 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Phase 3, Randomized, Open-label, Active-controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Vadadustat for the Maintenance Treatment of Anemia in Subjects With Non-dialysis-dependent Chronic Kidney Disease (NDD-CKD) (PRO2TECT-CONVERSION)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02680574
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- AKB-6548-CI-0015
- Keywords
- Vadadustat, AKB-6548, Chronic kidney disease, anemia, CKD, chronic renal insufficiency, renal impairment, erythropoietin
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 1,725 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Akebia TherapeuticsIndustry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Study start
- Feb 2016 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 18 Jun 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Jul 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 11 Feb 2016 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 27 Jun 2022
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
A multicenter, randomized, open-label, active-controlled Phase 3 study for the maintenance treatment of anemia in participants with Non-dialysis-dependent Chronic Kidney Disease (NDD-CKD)
Detailed description
This is a multicenter, randomized, open-label, active-controlled Phase 3 study of the efficacy and safety of Vadadustat versus Darbepoetin alfa for the maintenance treatment of anemia in participants with NDD-CKD
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Vadadustat | Experimental | Drug: Vadadustat |
| Darbepoetin alfa | Active comparator | Drug: Darbepoetin alfa |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- ≥18 years of age
- Diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤60 milliliters per minute per 1.73 square meter (mL/min/1.73 m^2) at Screening and not expected to start dialysis within 6 months of Screening
- Currently maintained on erythropoiesis-stimulating agents therapy, with a dose received within 6 weeks prior to or during Screening
- Mean Screening hemoglobin between 8.0 and 11.0 grams per deciliter (g/dL) (inclusive) in the United States (US) and between 9.0 and 12.0 g/dL (inclusive) outside of the US
- Serum ferritin ≥100 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) and transferrin saturation (TSAT) ≥20% during Screening
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Anemia due to a cause other than CKD or participant with active bleeding or recent blood loss
- Red blood cell transfusion within 8 weeks prior to randomization
- Uncontrolled hypertension
- Severe heart failure at Screening (New York Heart Association Class IV)
- Acute coronary syndrome (hospitalization for unstable angina or myocardial infarction), surgical or percutaneous intervention for coronary, cerebrovascular, or peripheral artery disease (aortic or lower extremity), surgical or percutaneous valvular replacement or repair, sustained ventricular tachycardia, hospitalization for heart failure, or stroke within 12 weeks prior to or during Screening
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| VadadustatAlso: AKB-6548Oral dose administered once daily for ≥36 weeks. Dose adjustment based on hemoglobin level as defined in the protocol. | Drug | Vadadustat |
| Darbepoetin alfaAlso: AranespSubcutaneous or intravenous dose administered for ≥36 weeks. Initial dose based on the current package insert for investigational sites in the United States (US), and the Summary of Product Characteristics for all other investigational sites (non-US) for adult participants with chronic kidney disease not on dialysis. For participants already on Darbepoetin alfa, the initial dosing regimen in the study was based on the prior dosing regimen. | Drug | Darbepoetin alfa |
Primary outcome
Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin (Hb) to the Average Over the Primary Efficacy Period (Weeks 24 to 36)
Time frame: Baseline; Weeks 24 to 36
The Baseline average was calculated as the average of the Hb values obtained at the screening visit closest to the date of randomization and the randomization visit. The average for the Primary Efficacy Period was calculated as the average Hb value over Weeks 24 to 36. Analysis was conducted using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline hemoglobin concentration (<10.0 versus ≥10.0 g/dL), geographic region (United States [US] versus European Union [EU] versus Rest of World [ROW]), and New York Heart Association congestive heart failure (NYHA CHF) class (Class 0 [no CHF] or I versus II or III) as covariates.
Median Time to First Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event (MACE)
Time frame: Up to Week 208
MACE was defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or non-fatal stroke. The primary safety outcome was positively adjudicated first MACE, which was defined as any death, Endpoint Adjudication Committee (EAC)-confirmed non-fatal MI, or EAC-confirmed non-fatal stroke occurring between the first dose date and each participant's last participation date. PROTECT MACE results and analysis, by design, was performed on pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 (NCT02648347) and AKB-6548-CI-0015 (NCT02680574). Results and statistical analysis from study AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported in below table and under section "Statistical Analysis 1". Results and statistical analysis of the pooled data from studies AKB-6548-CI-0014 and AKB-6548-CI-0015 has been reported under section "Statistical Analysis 2" of this outcome measure.
5 secondary outcomes
Change From Baseline in Hb to the Average Over the Secondary Efficacy Period (Weeks 40 to 52)
Time frame: Baseline; Weeks 40 to 52
Median Time to First MACE Plus Hospitalization for Heart Failure or Thromboembolic Event Excluding Vascular Access Thrombosis
Time frame: Up to Week 208
Median Time to First Cardiovascular MACE
Time frame: Up to Week 208
Median Time to First Cardiovascular Death
Time frame: Up to Week 208
Median Time to First All-cause Mortality
Time frame: Up to Week 208
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 27 Jun 2022.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 40359056Chertow GM, Eckardt KU, Sarnak MJ, Winkelmayer WC, Agarwal R, Minga T, Luo W, Burke SK. Safety and Efficacy of Vadadustat for the Treatment of CKD-Related Anemia within and outside the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2025 Oct 1;36(10):1984-1997. doi: 10.1681/ASN.0000000708. Epub 2025 May 13.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 37427292Parfrey PS, Burke SK, Chertow GM, Eckardt KU, Jardine AG, Lewis EF, Luo W, Matsushita K, McCullough PA, Minga T, Winkelmayer WC. Safety Endpoints With Vadadustat Versus Darbepoetin Alfa in Patients With Non-Dialysis-Dependent CKD: A Post Hoc Regional Analysis of the PRO2TECT Randomized Clinical Trial of ESA-Treated Patients. Kidney Med. 2023 May 12;5(7):100667. doi: 10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100667. eCollection 2023 Jul.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 36005278Natale P, Palmer SC, Jaure A, Hodson EM, Ruospo M, Cooper TE, Hahn D, Saglimbene VM, Craig JC, Strippoli GF. Hypoxia-inducible factor stabilisers for the anaemia of chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Aug 25;8(8):CD013751. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013751.pub2.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 33913637Chertow GM, Pergola PE, Farag YMK, Agarwal R, Arnold S, Bako G, Block GA, Burke S, Castillo FP, Jardine AG, Khawaja Z, Koury MJ, Lewis EF, Lin T, Luo W, Maroni BJ, Matsushita K, McCullough PA, Parfrey PS, Roy-Chaudhury P, Sarnak MJ, Sharma A, Spinowitz B, Tseng C, Tumlin J, Vargo DL, Walters KA, Winkelmayer WC, Wittes J, Eckardt KU; PRO2TECT Study Group. Vadadustat in Patients with Anemia and Non-Dialysis-Dependent CKD. N Engl J Med. 2021 Apr 29;384(17):1589-1600. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2035938.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Chief Medical Officer study director
Akebia Therapeutics
503 sites in 30 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 3 study testing Vadadustat and Darbepoetin alfa in people with Anemia and Non-Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease, run by Akebia Therapeutics at 503 sites in 30 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Jun 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 503 sites in United States, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Spain and 25 more countries. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 27 Jun 2022). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin (Hb) to the Average Over the Primary Efficacy Period (Weeks 24 to 36) (time frame: Baseline; Weeks 24 to 36). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02680574, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Jun 2022.