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Intracerebral Haemorrhage (ICH)Phase 3TRIDENTNCT02699645

Triple Therapy Prevention of Recurrent Intracerebral Disease EveNts Trial

A Phase 3 study testing telmisartan 20mg, amlodipine 2.5mg, and indapamide 1.25mg in people with Intracerebral Haemorrhage (ICH) and Hypertension, run by The George Institute at 58 sites in 10 countries.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

An investigator initiated and conducted, multicentre, international, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial to determine the effect of more intensive blood pressure control provided by a fixed low-dose combination blood pressure lowering pill ("Triple Pill") strategy on top of… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older
Conditions the study is for
Intracerebral Haemorrhage (ICH), Hypertension
What is being tested?
telmisartan 20mg, amlodipine 2.5mg, and indapamide 1.25mg
Type of treatment
Pill or oral medicine
Could I receive a placebo?
Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
How many people
1,671 participants
Where
58 sitesin 10 countries
Study dates
28 Sep 2017to 27 Aug 2025
Phase
Phase 3
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Adults (≥18 years) with a history of primary ICH that is confirmed by imaging (copy of the brain imaging report to be uploaded to the database, labelled with participant identification (ID) and with personal identifiers removed)
  • Clinically stable, as judged by investigator
  • Average of two resting SBP levels measured 5 minutes apart in the range 130-160mmHg recorded in a seated position (National Heart Foundation of Australia Guidelines). (Patients with higher SBP can be included if considered by attending clinician that management is consistent with local standards of clinical practice)
  • Geographical proximity to the recruiting hospital and/or follow-up medical clinic site to allow ready access for in-person clinic visits during follow-up
  • No clear contraindication to any of the study treatments
  • Provision of written informed consent

Who cannot join

  • Taking an ACE-I that cannot be switched to any of the following alternatives:
  • telmisartan 20 or 40mg, amlodipine 2.5 or 5mg, indapamide 1.25mg, or
  • an equivalent class (ARB, CCB or thiazide [TZ]-like diuretic), or
  • a BB
  • Contraindication to any of the study medications, in the context of currently prescribed BP-lowering medication
  • Unable to complete the study procedures and/or follow-up
Show all 12Show fewer
  • Females of child-bearing age and capability, who are pregnant or breast-feeding, or those of child-bearing age and capability who are not using adequate birth control
  • Significant hyperkalaemia and/or hyponatremia, in the opinion of the responsible physician
  • Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30mL/min/1.73m2
  • Severe hepatic impairment (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] or aspartate aminotransferase [AST] >3x the upper limit of normal [ULN])
  • Any other condition that in the opinion of the responsible physician or investigator renders the patient unsuitable for the study (e.g. severe disability [i.e. simplified modified Rankin Scale (smRS) of 4-5] or significant memory or behavioural disorder)
  • Any MRI contraindication (e.g. metallic implants, claustrophobia, etc) or participant refusal.

Trial locations and contacts

58 sites in 10 countries.

58 sites in 10 countries

Sri Lanka11 sites
  • Colombo North Teaching Hospital

    Colombo

  • Kalubowila (Colombo South) Teaching Hospital

    Colombo

  • National Hospital of Sri Lanka

    Colombo

  • Karapitiya Teaching Hospital

    Galle

  • Gampaha District General Hospital

    Gampaha, 11000

  • Jaffna Teaching Hospital

    Jaffna, 40000

  • Kandy Teaching Hospital

    Kandy, Kandy, 20000

  • Teaching Hospital Kurunegala

    Kurunegala

  • Sri Jayewardenepura General Hospital

    Nugegoda

  • Peradeniya Teaching Hospital

    Peradeniya

  • Ragama Teaching Hospital

    Ragama, Ragama, 11010

Other trials in Sri Lanka

Brazil10 sites
  • Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu

    Botucatu

  • Instituto Flumignano de Medicina

    Curitiba

  • Hospital Geral de Fortaleza

    Fortaleza

  • Clínica Neurológica e Neurocirurgica de Joinville

    Joinville

  • Hospital das Clínicas de Porto Alegre

    Porto Alegre

  • Hospital Moinhos de Vento

    Porto Alegre

  • Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto

    Ribeirão Preto

  • Hospital de Base São José do Rio Preto

    Rio Prêto

  • Hospital da Bahia

    Salvador

  • Universidade Federal de São Paulo

    São Paulo

Other trials in Brazil

United Kingdom9 sites
  • Royal Infirmary Edinburgh

    Edinburgh, EH16 4SB

  • Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital

    Exeter, EX2 5DW

  • Queen Elizabeth University Hospital

    Glasgow, G51 4TF

  • Victoria Hospital

    Kirkcaldy, KY2 5AH

  • Nottingham City Hospital

    Nottingham, NG5 1PB

  • Salford Royal Hospital

    Salford, M6 8HD

  • Royal Hallamshire Hospital

    Sheffield, S10 2JF

  • Royal Stoke University Hospital

    Stoke-on-Trent, T4 6QG

  • Morriston Hospital

    Swansea, SA6 6NL

Other trials in United Kingdom

Australia7 sites
  • Sunshine Coast University Hospital

    Birtinya, Queensland, 4575

  • Liverpool Hospital

    Liverpool, New South Wales, 2170

  • Royal Melbourne Hospital

    Melbourne, Victoria, 3050

  • Fiona Stanley Hospital

    Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150

  • Port Macquarie Base Hospital

    Port Macquarie, New South Wales, 2444

  • Royal Prince Alfred Hospital

    Sydney, New South Wales, 2050

  • Princess Alexandra Hospital

    Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102

Other trials in Australia

Malaysia5 sites
  • University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre

    Hulu Langat

  • Hospital Queen Elizabeth

    Kota Kinabalu

  • Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

    Kubang Kerian

  • Sarawak General Hospital

    Kuching

  • Hospital Seberang Jaya

    Pulau Pinang

Other trials in Malaysia

Nigeria5 sites
  • University College Hospital Ibadan

    Ibadan

  • University of Ilorin

    Ilorin

  • Jos University Teaching Hospital

    Jos

  • Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos

    Lagos

  • Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital

    Zaria

Other trials in Nigeria

Georgia4 sites
  • LTD Pineo Medical Ecosystem

    Tbilisi, 0112

  • The First University Clinic of Tbilisi State Medical University

    Tbilisi, 0141

  • LTD Urgent Neurological Clinic "Neurology"

    Tbilisi, 0144

  • LTD S. Khechinashvili University Hospital

    Tbilisi, 0179

Other trials in Georgia

Netherlands3 sites
  • Zuyderland Medical Centre

    Heerlen, 6419 PC

  • Maastricht University Medical Center

    Maastricht

  • Radboud University Medical Center

    Nijmegen, 6525 GC

Other trials in Netherlands

Taiwan3 sites
  • Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

    Chiayi City

  • Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

    Kaohsiung City, 833

  • Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

    Taoyuan, 333

Other trials in Taiwan

Singapore1 site
  • National University Hospital

    Singapore

Other trials in Singapore

About this study

Official title: Triple Therapy Prevention of Recurrent Intracerebral Disease EveNts Trial (TRIDENT), Substudies: MRI, Cognitive

An investigator initiated and conducted, multicentre, international, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial to determine the effect of more intensive blood pressure control provided by a fixed low-dose combination blood pressure lowering pill ("Triple Pill") strategy on top of standard of care, on time to first occurrence of recurrent stroke in patients with a history of stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage.

Read the detailed description

Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the most serious and least treatable form of stroke, accounting for at least 10% of the 20 million new strokes that occur globally each year. Survivors of ICH are at high risk of recurrent ICH and other serious cardiovascular events.

While there is strong evidence that this risk can be reduced by lowering the blood pressure (BP) of patients after ICH, many patients with ICH do not receive BP-lowering treatment long-term unless BP levels are particularly high, and many do not receive BP combination therapy.

The aim of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of a combination of fixed low-dose generic BP lowering agents, as a "Triple Pill" strategy on top of standard of care for the prevention of recurrent stroke in patients with a history of ICH and high normal or low grade hypertension. The study is a large-scale, international, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised controlled trial.

Being tested
telmisartan 20mg, amlodipine 2.5mg, and indapamide 1.25mg, Placebo
Keywords
Blood Pressure (BP), Stroke
Medical subject headings
Cerebral Hemorrhage, Hypertension, Stroke

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • telmisartan 20mg, amlodipine 2.5mg, and indapamide 1.25mgDrug

    Also called Triple Pill

    1 pill taken orally once daily for average of 72 months

  • PlaceboDrug

    1 pill taken orally once daily for average of 72 months

Study groups in NCT02699645
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Triple Pill (active treatment)Experimentaltelmisartan 20mg, amlodipine 2.5mg, and indapamide 1.25mg;
Receives: Drug: telmisartan 20mg, amlodipine 2.5mg, and indapamide 1.25mg
PlaceboPlacebo comparatorMatched placebo
Receives: Drug: Placebo

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Recurrent Stroke

    Time to first occurrence of recurrent stroke, whether ischaemic or haemorrhagic.

    Measured: Average of 6 years

Secondary outcomes (15)
  1. Recurrent ICH

    Time to first occurrence of recurrent ICH

    Measured: Average of 6 years

  2. Ischaemic Stroke

    Time to first occurrence of ischaemic stroke

    Measured: Average of 6 years

  3. Fatal or disabling stroke

    Time to first occurrence of fatal or disabling stroke

    Measured: Average of 6 years

  4. Mortality

    Mortality

    Measured: Average of 6 years

  5. MACE

    Major adverse cardiovascular events - CV death, non-fatal MI or non-fatal stroke

    Measured: Average of 6 years

  6. Physical function

    Physical function as assessed by smRS

    Measured: Average of 6 years

  7. Change in SBP

    Change in SBP

    Measured: Average of 6 years

  8. HRQoL according to the EQ-5D-3L

    Health-related quality of life according to the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensional Assessment, 3-Level version

    Measured: Average of 6 years

  9. Cognitive Impairment

    Overall defined by standard cut-points on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)

    Measured: Average of 6 years

  10. Cognitive Impairment Supplement

    Overall defined by standard cut-points with Brief Memory and Executive Test (BMET) together with assessments of functional impairment related to cognition defined by QDRS score and short form IQCODE, which will also allow subtyping of 'probable' or 'definite' dementia or mild cognitive impairment according to standard diagnostic criteria.

    Measured: Average of 6 years

  11. Depression

    According to standard cut-point scores on the PHQ-9

    Measured: Average of 6 years

  12. Cerebral small vessel disease

    Defined by various standard markers on routine MRI, measured by individual components and overall CSVD burden. The primary measure of CSVD is FLAIR WMH volume.

    Measured: Average of 6 years

  13. Medication Adherence

    Self-reported measures, pill counts

    Measured: Average of 6 years

  14. Safety in terms of Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)

    SAEs

    Measured: Average of 6 years

  15. Tolerability in terms of Adverse Events of Special Interest (AESIs)

    AESIs: Headache, Syncope/collapse, Falls, Pedal oedema/ankle swelling, Hypo/hyperkalaemia, Hyponatraemia

    Measured: Average of 6 years

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted4 Mar 2016 (estimated)
  2. Study start28 Sep 2017
  3. Primary completion27 Aug 2025
  4. Study completion27 Aug 2025

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
Quadruple blind
Who is masked
Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
Enrolment
1,671 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT02699645
Sponsor's protocol ID
TRIDENT-1103886
Acronym
TRIDENT
Status last verified
Sep 2025
First submitted
2 Mar 2016
Last updated
12 Sep 2025
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Yes

Publications

  • Trident Research Group; Anderson CS, Chow CK, de Silva HA, Senanayake B, Wahab K, Al-Shahi Salman R, Klijn CJM, Martins SO, Espinosa N, Kuhles L, Billot L, Arima H, Carcel C, Wang X, Li Q, Shan S, Shanthakumar M, Nguyen HT, Palliyaguruge D, Peiris J, Ranawaka UK, Bandusena S, Rajendiran T, Wijegunasinghe D, Gunasekera H, Wijeweera I, Dissanayake A, Keshavaraj A, Obiako RO, Akinyemi R, Nasi L, Bazan R, Moro CHC, Battaglini M, Zetola V, Law WC, Chia YK, Cordato D, Grimley R, Dahanayaka A, Liyanagamage S, Fernando N, Rasheed NA, Kakabadze N, Beridze M, Aravinthan M, Sahathevan V, Wijesundara D, Ruwanpathirana P, Wan Zaidi WA, Kherkheulidze T, Fischer U, de Souza AC, Lee TH, Chen C, Pontes-Neto O, Robinson T, Wang J, Naismith SL, Barnett M, Delfino C, You S, Liu F, Delcourt C, Moullaali TJ, Wilkinson T, Watson N, Santo K, Han Q, Souza MA, Jolink WMT, Cristofari AB, Zhou Z, Schreuder FH, Lindley RI, Armenis M, Woodward M, Freed R, Song L, Chalmers J, Rodgers A. Three Low-Dose Antihypertensive Agents in a Single Pill after Intracerebral Hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2026 Apr 23;394(16):1571-1582. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2515043.

    PubMed 42019018
  • Anderson CS, Rodgers A, de Silva HA, Martins SO, Klijn CJ, Senanayake B, Freed R, Billot L, Arima H, Thang NH, Zaidi WAW, Kherkheulidze T, Wahab K, Fisher U, Lee TH, Chen C, Pontes-Neto O, Robinson T, Wang J, Naismith S, Song L, Schreuder FH, Lindley RI, Woodward M, MacMahon S, Salman RA, Chow CK, Chalmers J. Triple Therapy Prevention of Recurrent Intracerebral Disease Events Trial: Rationale, design and progress. Int J Stroke. 2022 Dec;17(10):1156-1162. doi: 10.1177/17474930211068671. Epub 2022 Jan 7.

    PubMed 34994269
  • Li L, Poon MTC, Samarasekera NE, Perry LA, Moullaali TJ, Rodrigues MA, Loan JJM, Stephen J, Lerpiniere C, Tuna MA, Gutnikov SA, Kuker W, Silver LE, Al-Shahi Salman R, Rothwell PM. Risks of recurrent stroke and all serious vascular events after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: pooled analyses of two population-based studies. Lancet Neurol. 2021 Jun;20(6):437-447. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00075-2.

    PubMed 34022170

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 3 study testing telmisartan 20mg, amlodipine 2.5mg, and indapamide 1.25mg in people with Intracerebral Haemorrhage (ICH) and Hypertension, run by The George Institute at 58 sites in 10 countries.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 12 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Sep 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 58 sites in Sri Lanka, Brazil, United Kingdom, Australia, Malaysia and 5 more countries. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Recurrent Stroke (time frame: Average of 6 years). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02699645, which also lists 3 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Sep 2025.

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