Bipolar Depression Depressed PhaseLFMSNCT02707276
LFMS: Initial Trial in Geriatric Bipolar Depression
A study testing Active Low Field Magnetic Stimulation in people with Bipolar Depression Depressed Phase, run by Mclean Hospital at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The primary aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of Low Field Magnetic Stimulation (LFMS) in treating symptoms of depression and anxiety in older adults suffering from bipolar depression. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 55 to 85 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Bipolar Depression Depressed Phase
- What is being tested?
- Active Low Field Magnetic Stimulation
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 16 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 7 Sep 2016to Jun 2019
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 55 to 85 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Subjects will be men or women aged 55 years or older.
- Subjects will have a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder Type I or II, current episode depressed as measure by a MADRS ≥ 20.
- Subjects must have failed at least one FDA approved treatment for bipolar depression before enrolling in this study. Failed treatment is defined as 8 weeks of treatment at standard dose (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) , Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRI), mood stabilizer, or typical or atypical antipsychotic).
- Subjects must be maintained on a stable dose of all psychotropic medications for a period of at least two weeks prior to screening.
- Subjects must be capable of providing informed consent.
Who cannot join
- Subjects meeting Diagnostic Statistical Manual-IV-TR (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for any Axis I disorder other than Bipolar Disorder or an anxiety disorder (eg. Major Depressive Disorder, dementia).
- Subject has an Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) score ≤ 24.
- Subject is pregnant or plans on becoming pregnant.
- Subject has recent history (within 7 days of screening) of ECT or TMS treatment.
- Subject has recent history of substance abuse (cannot meet DSM-IV-TR criteria for substance abuse, no significant drug abuse within last 3 months, no history of dependence in last year, no drug use within last month, other than marijuana use).
- Subject has any contraindication for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (i.e. Presence of a pacemaker, neurostimulator, or metal in head or neck).
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Low Field Magnetic Stimulation: Initial Trial in Geriatric Bipolar Depression
The primary aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of Low Field Magnetic Stimulation (LFMS) in treating symptoms of depression and anxiety in older adults suffering from bipolar depression. The investigators also aim to assess any cognitive benefits from regular LFMS treatments in older adults suffering from bipolar depression.
Read the detailed description
The investigators have previously observed mood improvement in participants with bipolar depression in a population aged 21-60. Here the investigators hope to extend these results to a similar but new population, geriatric bipolar depression (GPD). In addition to the evaluation of the effect of multiple treatments, as well as observation of the duration of the effect after a delay of one week in this population, the investigators will assess whether this population presents any noticeable difference in tolerance or effect.
This study was completed in two phases; the design of the second phase was revised based on results from a related study (2012P002380). The first phase had a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover design. Subjects were distributed equally into two groups; one group received three active LFMS sessions during a first treatment week and three sham LFMS sessions during a second treatment week, while the second group received sham LFMS first and then active LFMS. Specifically, all subjects made a baseline visit during week 0 (visit 1, any day) where scales of depression (Montgomery-Asberg Rating Scale (MADRS)), anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS)), and positive affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)) were completed. Subjects returned during week 1 for three treatment visits (visits 2,3,4 any days) during which they received active or sham LFMS according to their order assignment. Subject returned for the same mood ratings during week 2 (visit 5, any day). Subjects returned during week 3 for three treatment visits and received the alternate treatment according to their order assignment (visits 6,7,8, any days). Finally, subjects returned week 4 for to receive the mood ratings (visit 9, any day). The MADRS, HARS, and PANAS scales completed during weeks 0, 2, and 4 were the outcome measures. Treatment order assignments were randomized and balanced within blocks of 10 via a random number generator.
Following review of data from a different Low Field Magnetic Stimulation study (2012P002380), the study design was revised, and a second phase of this protocol resulted. This is a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study with a parallel design (subjects will either receive active treatment or sham treatment for all treatment sessions). Specifically, the MADRS, HARS, and PANAS were completed on baseline visit 1 (day 0, Friday); 5 treatment visits were made on days 3,4,5,6,7 (visits 2-6); a mood rating visit 7 was made on day 10. The MADRS, HARS, and PANAS scales completed during days 0 and 10 were the outcome measures. Treatment order assignments were randomized and balanced within blocks of 10 via a random number generator.
The mechanisms of depression in a geriatric population may differ from those in a younger population. Brain structures and connectivity have changed, and there is the increased risk of comorbid diagnoses such as dementia that might confound treatment and assessment. In this study the investigators hope to extend the findings of LFMS in the general population to directly address the treatment of bipolar depression in a geriatric population.
- Conditions
- Bipolar Depression Depressed Phase
- Being tested
- Active Low Field Magnetic Stimulation, Sham Low Field Magnetic Stimulation
- Keywords
- Bipolar Depression, Geriatric, Low Field Magnetic Stimulation
- Medical subject headings
- Bipolar Disorder
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Active Low Field Magnetic StimulationDevice
Also called Active LFMS
Low Field Magnetic Stimulation is an electromagnetic treatment being investigated for its effects on mood. It uses magnetic fields that are a fraction of the strength but at a higher frequency than the electromagnetic fields used in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Sham Low Field Magnetic StimulationDevice
Also called Sham LFMS
The sham treatment does not provide any electromagnetic stimulation. However, it is designed so that it cannot be differentiated from the active treatment by producing mimicking sounds.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Phase 1: Cross-Over, Active LFMS first | Experimental | Phase 1 crossover: three 20 minute treatments of active low field magnetic stimulation, once per day for three consecutive days during week 1. Then repeat with three 20 minute treatments of sham LFMS, once per day for three consecutive days during week 3. Receives: Device: Active Low Field Magnetic Stimulation |
| Phase 1: Cross-Over, Sham LFMS first | Sham comparator | Phase 1 crossover: three 20 minute treatments of sham low field magnetic stimulation, once per day for three consecutive days during week 1. Then repeat with three 20 minute treatments of active LFMS, once per day for three consecutive days during week 3. Receives: Device: Sham Low Field Magnetic Stimulation |
| Phase 2: Parallel, Active LFMS | Experimental | Phase 2 parallel: five 20-minute active low field magnetic stimulation treatments, once per day for five consecutive days during week 1. Receives: Device: Active Low Field Magnetic Stimulation |
| Phase 2: Parallel, Sham LFMS | Sham comparator | Phase 2 parallel: five 20-minute sham low field magnetic stimulation treatments, once per day for five consecutive days during week 1. Receives: Device: Sham Low Field Magnetic Stimulation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)
The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a diagnostic assessment measuring the severity of depressive symptoms. It is a 10-item scale assessing all core symptoms of repression. Each item is scored on a 7-point scale, ranging from 0 (symptom not present) to 6 (symptom severely present). Thus, the total score range is 0-60, with higher scores indicating more depressive symptom endorsement.
Measured: Phase 1 cross-over: scores at base visit 1 (week 0), visit 5 (week 2), and visit 9 (week 4). Differences are between visits 5-1 and 9-5. Phase 2 parallel: scores at base visit 1 (day 0) and visit 7 (day 10). Differences are between visits 7-1.
Change in Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS)
The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) assesses the severity of anxiety symptoms. It is a 14-item scale covering psychic and somatic anxiety. Each item is scored on a 5-point scale, ranging from 0 (not present) to 4 (severe). Thus, the total score range is 0-56, wither higher scores indicating higher anxiety severity.
Measured: Phase 1 cross-over: scores at base visit 1 (week 0), visit 5 (week 2), and visit 9 (week 4). Differences are between visits 5-1 and 9-5. Phase 2 parallel: scores at base visit 1 (day 0) and visit 7 (day 10). Differences are between visits 7-1.
Change in Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Positive Sub Scale
The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) assesses the presence and severity of two factors: positive affect (PA), which indicates the extent that a person is experiencing high energy, enthusiastic, mood state, and negative affect (NA), which indicates the extent a person is experiencing an aversive mood state. The PANAS is a 20-item scale, with 10 items measured PA and 10 items measuring NA. Each item is scored on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (very slightly or not at all) to 5 (extremely). Thus, the score range for PA is 10-50, and the score range for NA is 10-50, with higher scores indicated more endorsement of PA (more energy, concentration, and pleasure) or NA (more anger, disgust, contempt). This study reports data on the score ranges for the PA sub-scale.
Measured: Phase 1 cross-over: scores at base visit 1 (week 0), visit 5 (week 2), and visit 9 (week 4). Differences are between visits 5-1 and 9-5. Phase 2 parallel: scores at base visit 1 (day 0) and visit 7 (day 10). Differences are between visits 7-1.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Mar 2016 (estimated)
- Study start7 Sep 2016
- Primary completionJun 2019
- Study completionJun 2019
Why it stopped: Limited resources and funding resulted in a decision to prematurely halt study and redirect remaining funds to partner study Low Field Magnetic Stimulation: Imaging Biomarkers in Geriatric Bipolar Depression (Protocol #2017P002783).
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Other trials for Bipolar Depression Depressed PhaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- There are two phases. The first, pilot phase was a randomized, double-blinded crossover design. Following review of data from a different Low Field Magnetic Stimulation study (2012P002380) that showed a large order effect from the crossover design, revision of study design was prompted. The study design for this second phase was a randomized, double-blinded sham-controlled parallel design.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 16 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Mclean Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Brent Forester, Mclean Hospital
- Investigators
- Brent Forester, M.D. MSc., Principal investigator, Mclean Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02707276
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2015P001851
- Acronym
- LFMS
- Status last verified
- Jan 2022
- First submitted
- 4 Mar 2016
- Last updated
- 2 Mar 2022
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Mar 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Low Field Magnetic Stimulation: Initial Trial in Geriatric Bipolar Depression
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02707276
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- LFMS / 2015P001851
- Conditions
- Bipolar Depression Depressed Phase
- Keywords
- Bipolar Depression, Geriatric, Low Field Magnetic Stimulation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- TerminatedReason stopped: Limited resources and funding resulted in a decision to prematurely halt study and redirect remaining funds to partner study Low Field Magnetic Stimulation: Imaging Biomarkers in Geriatric Bipolar Depression (Protocol #2017P002783).
- Enrolment
- 16 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Mclean HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 7 Sep 2016 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Jun 2019 (actual)
- Study completion
- Jun 2019 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Mar 2016 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 2 Mar 2022
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The primary aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of Low Field Magnetic Stimulation (LFMS) in treating symptoms of depression and anxiety in older adults suffering from bipolar depression. The investigators also aim to assess any cognitive benefits from regular LFMS treatments in older adults suffering from bipolar depression.
Detailed description
The investigators have previously observed mood improvement in participants with bipolar depression in a population aged 21-60. Here the investigators hope to extend these results to a similar but new population, geriatric bipolar depression (GPD). In addition to the evaluation of the effect of multiple treatments, as well as observation of the duration of the effect after a delay of one week in this population, the investigators will assess whether this population presents any noticeable difference in tolerance or effect.
This study was completed in two phases; the design of the second phase was revised based on results from a related study (2012P002380). The first phase had a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover design. Subjects were distributed equally into two groups; one group received three active LFMS sessions during a first treatment week and three sham LFMS sessions during a second treatment week, while the second group received sham LFMS first and then active LFMS. Specifically, all subjects made a baseline visit during week 0 (visit 1, any day) where scales of depression (Montgomery-Asberg Rating Scale (MADRS)), anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS)), and positive affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)) were completed. Subjects returned during week 1 for three treatment visits (visits 2,3,4 any days) during which they received active or sham LFMS according to their order assignment. Subject returned for the same mood ratings during week 2 (visit 5, any day). Subjects returned during week 3 for three treatment visits and received the alternate treatment according to their order assignment (visits 6,7,8, any days). Finally, subjects returned week 4 for to receive the mood ratings (visit 9, any day). The MADRS, HARS, and PANAS scales completed during weeks 0, 2, and 4 were the outcome measures. Treatment order assignments were randomized and balanced within blocks of 10 via a random number generator.
Following review of data from a different Low Field Magnetic Stimulation study (2012P002380), the study design was revised, and a second phase of this protocol resulted. This is a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study with a parallel design (subjects will either receive active treatment or sham treatment for all treatment sessions). Specifically, the MADRS, HARS, and PANAS were completed on baseline visit 1 (day 0, Friday); 5 treatment visits were made on days 3,4,5,6,7 (visits 2-6); a mood rating visit 7 was made on day 10. The MADRS, HARS, and PANAS scales completed during days 0 and 10 were the outcome measures. Treatment order assignments were randomized and balanced within blocks of 10 via a random number generator.
The mechanisms of depression in a geriatric population may differ from those in a younger population. Brain structures and connectivity have changed, and there is the increased risk of comorbid diagnoses such as dementia that might confound treatment and assessment. In this study the investigators hope to extend the findings of LFMS in the general population to directly address the treatment of bipolar depression in a geriatric population.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 4
- Model description
- There are two phases. The first, pilot phase was a randomized, double-blinded crossover design. Following review of data from a different Low Field Magnetic Stimulation study (2012P002380) that showed a large order effect from the crossover design, revision of study design was prompted. The study design for this second phase was a randomized, double-blinded sham-controlled parallel design.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Phase 1: Cross-Over, Active LFMS first | Experimental | Device: Active Low Field Magnetic StimulationPhase 1 crossover: three 20 minute treatments of active low field magnetic stimulation, once per day for three consecutive days during week 1. Then repeat with three 20 minute treatments of sham LFMS, once per day for three consecutive days during week 3. |
| Phase 1: Cross-Over, Sham LFMS first | Sham comparator | Device: Sham Low Field Magnetic StimulationPhase 1 crossover: three 20 minute treatments of sham low field magnetic stimulation, once per day for three consecutive days during week 1. Then repeat with three 20 minute treatments of active LFMS, once per day for three consecutive days during week 3. |
| Phase 2: Parallel, Active LFMS | Experimental | Device: Active Low Field Magnetic StimulationPhase 2 parallel: five 20-minute active low field magnetic stimulation treatments, once per day for five consecutive days during week 1. |
| Phase 2: Parallel, Sham LFMS | Sham comparator | Device: Sham Low Field Magnetic StimulationPhase 2 parallel: five 20-minute sham low field magnetic stimulation treatments, once per day for five consecutive days during week 1. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 55 to 85 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Subjects will be men or women aged 55 years or older.
- Subjects will have a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder Type I or II, current episode depressed as measure by a MADRS ≥ 20.
- Subjects must have failed at least one FDA approved treatment for bipolar depression before enrolling in this study. Failed treatment is defined as 8 weeks of treatment at standard dose (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) , Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRI), mood stabilizer, or typical or atypical antipsychotic).
- Subjects must be maintained on a stable dose of all psychotropic medications for a period of at least two weeks prior to screening.
- Subjects must be capable of providing informed consent.
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Subjects meeting Diagnostic Statistical Manual-IV-TR (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for any Axis I disorder other than Bipolar Disorder or an anxiety disorder (eg. Major Depressive Disorder, dementia).
- Subject has an Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) score ≤ 24.
- Subject is pregnant or plans on becoming pregnant.
- Subject has recent history (within 7 days of screening) of ECT or TMS treatment.
- Subject has recent history of substance abuse (cannot meet DSM-IV-TR criteria for substance abuse, no significant drug abuse within last 3 months, no history of dependence in last year, no drug use within last month, other than marijuana use).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Active Low Field Magnetic StimulationAlso: Active LFMSLow Field Magnetic Stimulation is an electromagnetic treatment being investigated for its effects on mood. It uses magnetic fields that are a fraction of the strength but at a higher frequency than the electromagnetic fields used in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | Device | Phase 1: Cross-Over, Active LFMS first, Phase 2: Parallel, Active LFMS |
| Sham Low Field Magnetic StimulationAlso: Sham LFMSThe sham treatment does not provide any electromagnetic stimulation. However, it is designed so that it cannot be differentiated from the active treatment by producing mimicking sounds. | Device | Phase 1: Cross-Over, Sham LFMS first, Phase 2: Parallel, Sham LFMS |
Primary outcome
Change in Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)
Time frame: Phase 1 cross-over: scores at base visit 1 (week 0), visit 5 (week 2), and visit 9 (week 4). Differences are between visits 5-1 and 9-5. Phase 2 parallel: scores at base visit 1 (day 0) and visit 7 (day 10). Differences are between visits 7-1.
The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a diagnostic assessment measuring the severity of depressive symptoms. It is a 10-item scale assessing all core symptoms of repression. Each item is scored on a 7-point scale, ranging from 0 (symptom not present) to 6 (symptom severely present). Thus, the total score range is 0-60, with higher scores indicating more depressive symptom endorsement.
Change in Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS)
Time frame: Phase 1 cross-over: scores at base visit 1 (week 0), visit 5 (week 2), and visit 9 (week 4). Differences are between visits 5-1 and 9-5. Phase 2 parallel: scores at base visit 1 (day 0) and visit 7 (day 10). Differences are between visits 7-1.
The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) assesses the severity of anxiety symptoms. It is a 14-item scale covering psychic and somatic anxiety. Each item is scored on a 5-point scale, ranging from 0 (not present) to 4 (severe). Thus, the total score range is 0-56, wither higher scores indicating higher anxiety severity.
Change in Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Positive Sub Scale
Time frame: Phase 1 cross-over: scores at base visit 1 (week 0), visit 5 (week 2), and visit 9 (week 4). Differences are between visits 5-1 and 9-5. Phase 2 parallel: scores at base visit 1 (day 0) and visit 7 (day 10). Differences are between visits 7-1.
The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) assesses the presence and severity of two factors: positive affect (PA), which indicates the extent that a person is experiencing high energy, enthusiastic, mood state, and negative affect (NA), which indicates the extent a person is experiencing an aversive mood state. The PANAS is a 20-item scale, with 10 items measured PA and 10 items measuring NA. Each item is scored on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (very slightly or not at all) to 5 (extremely). Thus, the score range for PA is 10-50, and the score range for NA is 10-50, with higher scores indicated more endorsement of PA (more energy, concentration, and pleasure) or NA (more anger, disgust, contempt). This study reports data on the score ranges for the PA sub-scale.
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Mar 2022.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Brent Forester, M.D. MSc. principal investigator
Mclean Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Active Low Field Magnetic Stimulation in people with Bipolar Depression Depressed Phase, run by Mclean Hospital at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: stopped early, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Mar 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 2 Mar 2022). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) (time frame: Phase 1 cross-over: scores at base visit 1 (week 0), visit 5 (week 2), and visit 9 (week 4). Differences are between visits 5-1 and 9-5. Phase 2 parallel: scores at base visit 1 (day 0) and visit 7 (day 10). Differences are between visits 7-1.). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Mar 2022.