AgingVE-HEROeSNCT02825602
Vietnam Era Health Retrospective Observational Study
An observational study of Aging and Combat Disorders, run by Veteran Affairs Office of Patient Care Services at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The Vietnam Era Health Retrospective Observational Study (VE-HEROeS) is a national study on the health and well-being of Vietnam Veterans, including Blue Water Navy Veterans, as well as Veterans who served elsewhere during the Vietnam Era (1961-1975), and similarly aged U.S. residents who never served in the military. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 58 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Aging, Combat Disorders
- How many people
- 24,306 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Jul 2016to Dec 2019
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 58 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Veterans: We will obtain a stratified random sample of 45,067 Veterans from the Department of Veterans Affairs' United States Veterans Eligibility Trends \& Statistics (USVETS) database which we believe to be the most complete database of U.S. military Veterans in existence. Stratification will be on period of service within the Vietnam era: 1961-1964 or 1965-1975. We will remove decedents and those without a current US postal address from the sample. U.S. public: The U.S. public general population comparison sample will be an age- and gender-matched sample of living non-Veteran members of the U.S. public born before 1958.
Who may be able to join
- invited to participate through investigators' random sample selection process
- able to provide informed consent
- have a postal address in the U.S. or its territories
Who cannot join
- individuals who are incarcerated
- individuals who are unable to complete the survey even with assistance because of cognitive or physical limitations.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs/Epidemiology Program
Washington D.C., District of Columbia, 20420
About this study
The Vietnam Era Health Retrospective Observational Study (VE-HEROeS) is a national study on the health and well-being of Vietnam Veterans, including Blue Water Navy Veterans, as well as Veterans who served elsewhere during the Vietnam Era (1961-1975), and similarly aged U.S. residents who never served in the military. The investigators will invite approximately 43,000 Vietnam and Vietnam Era Veterans, and approximately 11,000 members of the general U.S. population to participate in VE-HEROeS. These individuals are scientifically selected to participate; the study is not able to accept volunteers.
All participants in VE-HEROeS will be asked to fill out a questionnaire on their military service, general health, age-related conditions, health care use, and the health experiences of their children and grandchildren. A smaller group will be asked to provide the investigators with access to some of their medical records. Topics of special focus for the study include cognition, hepatitis C infection, and neurologic conditions.
Read the detailed description
It has been more than 40 years since the Vietnam War ended and there is little recent systematic knowledge of how Veterans of the Vietnam Era (1961-1975) have fared with regard to their overall health, lifestyle factors, and aging. This epidemiologic study, called the Vietnam Era Health Retrospective Observational Study (VE-HEROeS) will provide information about the health and well-being of Veterans of the Vietnam Era to Veterans and their families who have questions about the long-term health effects of service during the Vietnam War, to clinicians who care for Veterans and lack sufficient evidence to explain health conditions, and to the VA healthcare system in order to improve VA healthcare and anticipate future healthcare needs. The main objective of this study is to determine if the overall health of Veterans of the Vietnam War and Vietnam Era, with a special focus on neurologic conditions and hepatitis C infection, is different from that of their counterparts who did not serve in the military. Exploratory aims of the study are to determine if the investigators can obtain a sample of Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans (who served exclusively in deep coastal waters off of North or South Vietnam) and use the survey to describe their current health, and to determine the prevalence of Veterans who attribute health conditions of their descendants to their own military service, especially conditions potentially transmitted epigenetically. The study design is a survey, with hepatitis C and neurologic conditions validated by medical record review. The questionnaire includes both validated scales and new items about physical and mental health, exposures, and lifestyle. There are two versions of the questionnaire: one for Veterans of the Vietnam Era and one for those selected from the U.S. general population who have never served in the military. The questionnaires are as similar as possible, with the exception of questions about military service, exposures, or experiences that are either removed or modified in the non-Veteran questionnaire because they do not apply to this population.
- Conditions
- Aging, Combat Disorders
- Keywords
- Vietnam veteran, aging, health, War Injury, Conventional Warfare, Toxic Effect, Chemical
- Medical subject headings
- Combat Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Vietnam War Theater Veterans | Vietnam War Theater Veterans are defined for this protocol as those who served in the U.S. Armed Forces on the ground, in the air, or on the inland waters of Vietnam, Cambodia, and/or Laos between February 28, 1961 and May 7, 1975, inclusive. The investigators based this definition on legal dates of service set forth in 38 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 3.2 - Periods of war, but broadened the definition of sites of military service that constituted war zones based on written historical accounts and input from Vietnam Veterans. | |
| Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans | Blue Water Navy Veterans are defined as Veterans who served aboard deep-water naval vessels in waters offshore North or South Vietnam between February 28, 1961 and May 7, 1975 and who never served ashore or on inland waterways of Vietnam. | |
| Vietnam era Veterans | Vietnam era Veterans served in locations around the world OTHER than on the ground, in the air, or on the inland waters of Vietnam, Cambodia, and/or Laos or aboard deep-water naval vessels in waters offshore North or South Vietnam between February 28, 1961 and May 7, 1975. | |
| Non-military U.S. public | Non-military U.S. public are individuals who were born before 1958, never served in the U.S. military, and are age- and gender-matched (by the study investigators) to Vietnam War Theater Veterans. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Overall Health
Overall health will be measured by the mean physical component summary score (PCS) and the mean mental component score (MCS) of the Short Form 8 (SF-8) compared across the four groups. Mean scores on the 8 health concepts measured by the SF-8 (physical functioning, role limitations due to physical functioning, bodily pain, general health, energy/fatigue, social functioning, role limitations due to emotional problems, and psychological distress/well being) will also be compared. Adjustments may be made for age, gender, and prevalent co-morbidities.
Measured: Past 4 weeks
Secondary outcomes (1)
Conditions of concern
The investigators will compare post-war prevalence of conditions that have been linked to Vietnam War service in other scientific studies of multiple designs: neurologic conditions ( Parkinson's disease, dementia, stroke, brain injury), Hepatitis C; hypertension, ischemic heart disease, Type II diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, various cancers, cirrhosis, alcohol and drug dependency.
Measured: Health history assessed at the time of survey (Day 1)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Jul 2016 (estimated)
- Study startJul 2016
- Primary completion31 Mar 2017
- Study completionDec 2019 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (16)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for AgingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 24,306 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Veteran Affairs Office of Patient Care Services
- Sponsor type
- US federal agency
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Victoria J. Davey PhD, MPH, Veteran Affairs Office of Patient Care Services
- Investigators
- Victoria J Davey, PhD, MPH, Principal investigator, US Department of Veterans Affairs
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02825602
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 15-12
- Acronym
- VE-HEROeS
- Status last verified
- Apr 2019
- First submitted
- 13 Jun 2016
- Last updated
- 24 Apr 2019
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Aggregate data will be available to investigators in accordance with VA access policy.
Publications
Health status of Vietnam veterans. II. Physical Health. The Centers for Disease Control Vietnam Experience Study. JAMA. 1988 May 13;259(18):2708-14.
PubMed 2833631Health status of Vietnam veterans. I. Psychosocial characteristics. The Centers for Disease Control Vietnam Experience Study. JAMA. 1988 May 13;259(18):2701-7.
PubMed 2833630Health status of Vietnam veterans. III. Reproductive outcomes and child health. The Centers for Disease Control Vietnam Experience Study. JAMA. 1988 May 13;259(18):2715-9.
PubMed 2833632Kulka RA, Schlenger WE, Fairbank JA, Hough RL, Jordan BK, Marmar CR, et al. Trauma and the Vietnam War Generation. New York: Brunner/Mazel Publishers; 1990
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides. Veterans and Agent Orange: Health Effects of Herbicides Used in Vietnam. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1994. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK236356/
PubMed 25144022Dominitz JA, Boyko EJ, Koepsell TD, Heagerty PJ, Maynard C, Sporleder JL, Stenhouse A, Kling MA, Hrushesky W, Zeilman C, Sontag S, Shah N, Ona F, Anand B, Subik M, Imperiale TF, Nakhle S, Ho SB, Bini EJ, Lockhart B, Ahmad J, Sasaki A, van der Linden B, Toro D, Martinez-Souss J, Huilgol V, Eisen S, Young KA. Elevated prevalence of hepatitis C infection in users of United States veterans medical centers. Hepatology. 2005 Jan;41(1):88-96. doi: 10.1002/hep.20502.
PubMed 15619249Raymont V, Salazar AM, Krueger F, Grafman J. "Studying injured minds" - the Vietnam head injury study and 40 years of brain injury research. Front Neurol. 2011 Mar 28;2:15. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2011.00015. eCollection 2011.
PubMed 21625624Bullman TA, Kang HK. Posttraumatic stress disorder and the risk of traumatic deaths among Vietnam veterans. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1994 Nov;182(11):604-10. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199411000-00002.
PubMed 7964667Marmar CR, Schlenger W, Henn-Haase C, Qian M, Purchia E, Li M, Corry N, Williams CS, Ho CL, Horesh D, Karstoft KI, Shalev A, Kulka RA. Course of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 40 Years After the Vietnam War: Findings From the National Vietnam Veterans Longitudinal Study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Sep;72(9):875-81. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0803.
PubMed 26201054Manikkam M, Tracey R, Guerrero-Bosagna C, Skinner MK. Dioxin (TCDD) induces epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult onset disease and sperm epimutations. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e46249. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046249. Epub 2012 Sep 26.
PubMed 23049995The association of selected cancers with service in the US military in Vietnam. III. Hodgkin's disease, nasal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, and primary liver cancer. The Selected Cancers Cooperative Study Group. Arch Intern Med. 1990 Dec;150(12):2495-505. doi: 10.1001/archinte.150.12.2495.
PubMed 2244766The association of selected cancers with service in the US military in Vietnam. I. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The Selected Cancers Cooperative Study Group. Arch Intern Med. 1990 Dec;150(12):2473-83.
PubMed 2244764The association of selected cancers with service in the US military in Vietnam. II. Soft-tissue and other sarcomas. The Selected Cancers Cooperative Study Group. Arch Intern Med. 1990 Dec;150(12):2485-92.
PubMed 2244765Kang HK, Cypel Y, Kilbourne AM, Magruder KM, Serpi T, Collins JF, Frayne SM, Furey J, Huang GD, Kimerling R, Reinhard MJ, Schumacher K, Spiro A 3rd. HealthViEWS: mortality study of female US Vietnam era veterans, 1965-2010. Am J Epidemiol. 2014 Mar 15;179(6):721-30. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwt319. Epub 2014 Jan 30.
PubMed 24488510Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans and Agent Orange Exposure. Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans and Agent Orange Exposure. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209599/
PubMed 24983057
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Apr 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Vietnam Era Health Retrospective Observational Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02825602
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- VE-HEROeS / 15-12
- Conditions
- Aging, Combat Disorders
- Keywords
- Vietnam veteran, aging, health, War Injury, Conventional Warfare, Toxic Effect, Chemical
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 24,306 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Veteran Affairs Office of Patient Care ServicesUS federal agency
- Study start
- Jul 2016
- Primary completion
- 31 Mar 2017 (actual)
- Study completion
- Dec 2019 (estimated)
- First posted
- 7 Jul 2016 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The Vietnam Era Health Retrospective Observational Study (VE-HEROeS) is a national study on the health and well-being of Vietnam Veterans, including Blue Water Navy Veterans, as well as Veterans who served elsewhere during the Vietnam Era (1961-1975), and similarly aged U.S. residents who never served in the military. The investigators will invite approximately 43,000 Vietnam and Vietnam Era Veterans, and approximately 11,000 members of the general U.S. population to participate in VE-HEROeS. These individuals are scientifically selected to participate; the study is not able to accept volunteers.
All participants in VE-HEROeS will be asked to fill out a questionnaire on their military service, general health, age-related conditions, health care use, and the health experiences of their children and grandchildren. A smaller group will be asked to provide the investigators with access to some of their medical records. Topics of special focus for the study include cognition, hepatitis C infection, and neurologic conditions.
Detailed description
It has been more than 40 years since the Vietnam War ended and there is little recent systematic knowledge of how Veterans of the Vietnam Era (1961-1975) have fared with regard to their overall health, lifestyle factors, and aging. This epidemiologic study, called the Vietnam Era Health Retrospective Observational Study (VE-HEROeS) will provide information about the health and well-being of Veterans of the Vietnam Era to Veterans and their families who have questions about the long-term health effects of service during the Vietnam War, to clinicians who care for Veterans and lack sufficient evidence to explain health conditions, and to the VA healthcare system in order to improve VA healthcare and anticipate future healthcare needs. The main objective of this study is to determine if the overall health of Veterans of the Vietnam War and Vietnam Era, with a special focus on neurologic conditions and hepatitis C infection, is different from that of their counterparts who did not serve in the military. Exploratory aims of the study are to determine if the investigators can obtain a sample of Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans (who served exclusively in deep coastal waters off of North or South Vietnam) and use the survey to describe their current health, and to determine the prevalence of Veterans who attribute health conditions of their descendants to their own military service, especially conditions potentially transmitted epigenetically. The study design is a survey, with hepatitis C and neurologic conditions validated by medical record review. The questionnaire includes both validated scales and new items about physical and mental health, exposures, and lifestyle. There are two versions of the questionnaire: one for Veterans of the Vietnam Era and one for those selected from the U.S. general population who have never served in the military. The questionnaires are as similar as possible, with the exception of questions about military service, exposures, or experiences that are either removed or modified in the non-Veteran questionnaire because they do not apply to this population.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Vietnam War Theater Veterans | – | –Vietnam War Theater Veterans are defined for this protocol as those who served in the U.S. Armed Forces on the ground, in the air, or on the inland waters of Vietnam, Cambodia, and/or Laos between February 28, 1961 and May 7, 1975, inclusive. The investigators based this definition on legal dates of service set forth in 38 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 3.2 - Periods of war, but broadened the definition of sites of military service that constituted war zones based on written historical accounts and input from Vietnam Veterans. |
| Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans | – | –Blue Water Navy Veterans are defined as Veterans who served aboard deep-water naval vessels in waters offshore North or South Vietnam between February 28, 1961 and May 7, 1975 and who never served ashore or on inland waterways of Vietnam. |
| Vietnam era Veterans | – | –Vietnam era Veterans served in locations around the world OTHER than on the ground, in the air, or on the inland waters of Vietnam, Cambodia, and/or Laos or aboard deep-water naval vessels in waters offshore North or South Vietnam between February 28, 1961 and May 7, 1975. |
| Non-military U.S. public | – | –Non-military U.S. public are individuals who were born before 1958, never served in the U.S. military, and are age- and gender-matched (by the study investigators) to Vietnam War Theater Veterans. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 58 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Veterans: We will obtain a stratified random sample of 45,067 Veterans from the Department of Veterans Affairs' United States Veterans Eligibility Trends \& Statistics (USVETS) database which we believe to be the most complete database of U.S. military Veterans in existence. Stratification will be on period of service within the Vietnam era: 1961-1964 or 1965-1975. We will remove decedents and those without a current US postal address from the sample. U.S. public: The U.S. public general population comparison sample will be an age- and gender-matched sample of living non-Veteran members of the U.S. public born before 1958.
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- invited to participate through investigators' random sample selection process
- able to provide informed consent
- have a postal address in the U.S. or its territories
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- individuals who are incarcerated
- individuals who are unable to complete the survey even with assistance because of cognitive or physical limitations.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Overall Health
Time frame: Past 4 weeks
Overall health will be measured by the mean physical component summary score (PCS) and the mean mental component score (MCS) of the Short Form 8 (SF-8) compared across the four groups. Mean scores on the 8 health concepts measured by the SF-8 (physical functioning, role limitations due to physical functioning, bodily pain, general health, energy/fatigue, social functioning, role limitations due to emotional problems, and psychological distress/well being) will also be compared. Adjustments may be made for age, gender, and prevalent co-morbidities.
1 secondary outcome
Conditions of concern
Time frame: Health history assessed at the time of survey (Day 1)
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Apr 2019.
- Background: PubMed 2833631Health status of Vietnam veterans. II. Physical Health. The Centers for Disease Control Vietnam Experience Study. JAMA. 1988 May 13;259(18):2708-14.
- Background: PubMed 2833630Health status of Vietnam veterans. I. Psychosocial characteristics. The Centers for Disease Control Vietnam Experience Study. JAMA. 1988 May 13;259(18):2701-7.
- Background: PubMed 2833632Health status of Vietnam veterans. III. Reproductive outcomes and child health. The Centers for Disease Control Vietnam Experience Study. JAMA. 1988 May 13;259(18):2715-9.
- BackgroundKulka RA, Schlenger WE, Fairbank JA, Hough RL, Jordan BK, Marmar CR, et al. Trauma and the Vietnam War Generation. New York: Brunner/Mazel Publishers; 1990
- Background: PubMed 25144022Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides. Veterans and Agent Orange: Health Effects of Herbicides Used in Vietnam. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1994. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK236356/
- Background: PubMed 15619249Dominitz JA, Boyko EJ, Koepsell TD, Heagerty PJ, Maynard C, Sporleder JL, Stenhouse A, Kling MA, Hrushesky W, Zeilman C, Sontag S, Shah N, Ona F, Anand B, Subik M, Imperiale TF, Nakhle S, Ho SB, Bini EJ, Lockhart B, Ahmad J, Sasaki A, van der Linden B, Toro D, Martinez-Souss J, Huilgol V, Eisen S, Young KA. Elevated prevalence of hepatitis C infection in users of United States veterans medical centers. Hepatology. 2005 Jan;41(1):88-96. doi: 10.1002/hep.20502.
- Background: PubMed 21625624Raymont V, Salazar AM, Krueger F, Grafman J. "Studying injured minds" - the Vietnam head injury study and 40 years of brain injury research. Front Neurol. 2011 Mar 28;2:15. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2011.00015. eCollection 2011.
- Background: PubMed 7964667Bullman TA, Kang HK. Posttraumatic stress disorder and the risk of traumatic deaths among Vietnam veterans. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1994 Nov;182(11):604-10. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199411000-00002.
- Background: PubMed 26201054Marmar CR, Schlenger W, Henn-Haase C, Qian M, Purchia E, Li M, Corry N, Williams CS, Ho CL, Horesh D, Karstoft KI, Shalev A, Kulka RA. Course of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 40 Years After the Vietnam War: Findings From the National Vietnam Veterans Longitudinal Study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Sep;72(9):875-81. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0803.
- Background: PubMed 23049995Manikkam M, Tracey R, Guerrero-Bosagna C, Skinner MK. Dioxin (TCDD) induces epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult onset disease and sperm epimutations. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e46249. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046249. Epub 2012 Sep 26.
- Background: PubMed 2244766The association of selected cancers with service in the US military in Vietnam. III. Hodgkin's disease, nasal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, and primary liver cancer. The Selected Cancers Cooperative Study Group. Arch Intern Med. 1990 Dec;150(12):2495-505. doi: 10.1001/archinte.150.12.2495.
- Background: PubMed 2244764The association of selected cancers with service in the US military in Vietnam. I. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The Selected Cancers Cooperative Study Group. Arch Intern Med. 1990 Dec;150(12):2473-83.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Aggregate data will be available to investigators in accordance with VA access policy.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Victoria J Davey, PhD, MPH principal investigator
US Department of Veterans Affairs
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Aging and Combat Disorders, run by Veteran Affairs Office of Patient Care Services at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Apr 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Overall Health (time frame: Past 4 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02825602, which also lists 16 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Apr 2019.