HaemophiliaPSY_HaEMOPEQNCT02870452
Effectiveness of Psychological Interventions in Haemophilia
A study testing Hypnosis and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in people with Haemophilia, run by University of Minho at 1 site in Portugal.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relative effectiveness of two psychological interventions, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and hypnosis (Hyp), in preventing and managing pain, regulating emotional state and improving quality of life in Portuguese PWH. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, men only
- Conditions the study is for
- Haemophilia
- What is being tested?
- Hypnosis and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePortugal
- Study dates
- 9 Jan 2018to 31 Dec 2018
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Men only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Mild pr severe Haemophilia A or B
- Age of 18 or older
- Ability to write and read
Who cannot join
- Other comorbid life threatening diseases, such as cancer
- Neurological or psychiatric deficits
- Acquired Haemophilia
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effectiveness of Two Psychological Interventions for Prevention and Management of Pain, Emotional Regulation and Promotion of Quality of Life in People With Haemophilia: a Randomized Controlled Trial
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relative effectiveness of two psychological interventions, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and hypnosis (Hyp), in preventing and managing pain, regulating emotional state and improving quality of life in Portuguese PWH.
Read the detailed description
22 (People with Haemophilia) PWH will be included in each group (Hypnosis, CBT and control-no intervention) (total=66). Sample size was calculated using G*Power 3.1.4 and considering the following assumptions: to perform a one-way ANOVA with fixed effects, a large effect size (f =0.4), a significance level (α - type I error) of 0.05 and a statistical power (1-β - type II error) of 0.80.
The patients will be approached by clinicians of the Immunohaemotherapy Department and the psychologists for the explanation of the study, confidentiality and voluntary nature of participation. Patients who agree to participate will be asked to read and sign the Informed Consent document. Afterwards, the first assessment moment will take place in order to get a baseline assessment of each patient (T0: pre-test). Subsequently, the blind randomization to one of the 3 conditions will occur and the 4 individual intervention sessions will be scheduled, occurring in a weekly basis (90 minutes per session).
The post-test assessment (T1) takes place one week after the last intervention session (in the 5th week), and the follow-up assessments (T2, T3 and T4) will occur subsequently at 3 months, 6 months and one year post-intervention.
A physiological assessment will be performed at T1, T2 and T4. This will be performed through the collection of blood samples in order to achieve a systemic evaluation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. A CBC (Complete Blood Count) with White Blood Count and C Reactive Protein (CRP) analysis will also be performed. Upon arrival at the Immunohaemotherapy Department (between 9:30 am and 1:30 pm), patients will undergo sample blood collection and EDTA-samples will be transported immediately to the lab.
In the lab, blood samples are centrifuged 15 minutes at 3.000 rpm, and plasma aliquoted and stored in a freezer at -80 ºC, until further analysis. Plasma levels of cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10) are assayed in duplicate using ultra-sensitive multiplex human ELISA kits (Life Technologies®).
Functional Assessment of the joints will be performed through the Gilbert (based on clinical evaluation) and Pettersson Scores (based on X-ray and ultrasonography).
All study procedures will comply with the applicable ethical guidelines.
- Conditions
- Haemophilia
- Being tested
- Hypnosis, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Keywords
- Haemophilia, RCT, Pain, Hemarthrosis, Hypnosis, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Quality of Life, Distress, Cytokines
- Medical subject headings
- Hemophilia A, Pain, Hemarthrosis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
HypnosisBehavioural
4 weekly individual sessions of Hypnosis, conducted by a certified psychologist, with the approximate duration of 90 minutes.
Cognitive-Behavioral TherapyBehavioural
4 weekly individual sessions of CBT, conducted by a certified psychologist, with the approximate duration of 90 minutes.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Hypnosis | Experimental | Hypnosis for the prevention and management of pain, emotional regulation and promotion of quality of life in people with Haemophilia Receives: Behavioral: Hypnosis |
| Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy | Experimental | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the prevention and management of pain, emotional regulation and promotion of quality of life in people with Haemophilia Receives: Behavioral: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy |
| Control Group | No intervention | No psychological intervention - standard Haemophilia care |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pain intensity at 1 week as assessed by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)
Measured: 1 week post-intervention
Pain intensity at 3 months as assessed by NRS
Measured: 3 months post-intervention
Pain intensity at 6 months as assessed by NRS
Measured: 6 months post-intervention
Pain intensity at 12 months as assessed by NRS
Measured: 12 months post-intervention
Secondary outcomes (54)
Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) at 1 week as assessed by A36Hemofilia-Qol
Measured: 1 week
HRQOL at 3 months as assessed by A36Hemofilia-Qol
Measured: 3 months
HRQOL at 6 months as assessed by A36Hemofilia-Qol
Measured: 6 months
HRQOL at 12 months as assessed by A36Hemofilia-Qol
Measured: 12 months
Haemophilia related functional limitations at 1 week as assessed by Haemophilia Activities List (HAL)
Measured: 1 week
Haemophilia related functional limitations at 3 months as assessed by HAL
Measured: 3 months
Haemophilia related functional limitations at 6 months as assessed by HAL
Measured: 6 months
Haemophilia related functional limitations at 12 months as assessed by HAL
Measured: 12 months
Anxiety at 1 week as assessed by Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Anxiety Short Form v1.0
Measured: 1 week
Anxiety at 3 months as assessed by PROMIS-Anxiety Short Form v1.0
Measured: 3 months
Anxiety at 6 months as assessed by PROMIS-Anxiety Short Form v1.0
Measured: 6 months
Anxiety at 12 months as assessed by PROMIS-Anxiety Short Form v1.0
Measured: 12 months
Depression at 1 week as assessed by PROMIS-Depression Short Form v1.0
Measured: 1 week
Depression at 3 months as assessed by PROMIS-Depression Short Form v1.0
Measured: 3 months
Depression at 6 months as assessed by PROMIS-Depression Short Form v1.0
Measured: 6 months
Depression at 12 months as assessed by PROMIS-Depression Short Form v1.0
Measured: 12 months
Pain Catastrophizing at 1 week as assessed by Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) Catastrophizing Subscale
Measured: 1 week
Pain Catastrophizing at 3 months as assessed by CSQ Catastrophizing Subscale
Measured: 3 months
Pain Catastrophizing at 6 months as assessed by CSQ Catastrophizing Subscale
Measured: 6 months
Pain Catastrophizing at 12 months as assessed by CSQ Catastrophizing Subscale
Measured: 12 months
Illness Perception (Personal Control) at 1 week as assessed by Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R)
Measured: 1 week
Illness Perception (Emotional Representation) at 1 week as assessed by IPQ-R
Measured: 1 week
Illness Perception (Personal Control) at 3 months as assessed by IPQ-R
Measured: 3 months
Illness Perception (Emotional Representation) at 3 months as assessed by IPQ-R
Measured: 3 months
Illness Perception (Personal Control) at 6 months as assessed by IPQ-R
Measured: 6 months
Illness Perception (Emotional Representation) at 6 months as assessed by IPQ-R
Measured: 6 months
Illness Perception (Personal Control) at 12 months as assessed by IPQ-R
Measured: 12 months
Illness Perception (Emotional Representation) at 12 months as assessed by IPQ-R
Measured: 12 months
Number of joint bleeds in the previous month, at 1 week
Measured: 1 week
Number of joint bleeds in the previous month, at 3 months
Measured: 3 months
Number of joint bleeds in the previous month, at 6 months
Measured: 6 months
Number of joint bleeds in the previous month, at 12 months
Measured: 12 months
Analgesic intake in the previous month, at 1 week
Measured: 1 week
Analgesic intake in the previous month, at 3 months
Measured: 3 months
Analgesic intake in the previous month, at 6 months
Measured: 6 months
Analgesic intake in the previous month, at 12 months
Measured: 12 months
Replacement factor (VIII/IX) consumption in the previous month, at 1week
Measured: 1 week
Replacement factor (VIII/IX) consumption in the previous month, at 3 months
Measured: 3 months
Replacement factor (VIII/IX) consumption in the previous month, at 6 months
Measured: 6 months
Replacement factor (VIII/IX) consumption in the previous month, at 12 months
Measured: 12 months
Pettersson Score at 3 months
Radiologic classification of PWH joint status
Measured: 3 months
Pettersson Score at 12 months
Radiologic classification of PWH joint status
Measured: 12 months
Gilbert Score at 3 months
Joint health evaluation, in the domain of body structure and function (i.e. impairment), of the joints most commonly affected by bleeding in hemophilia - knees, ankles, elbows
Measured: 3 months
Gilbert Score at 12 months
Joint health evaluation, in the domain of body structure and function (i.e. impairment), of the joints most commonly affected by bleeding in hemophilia - knees, ankles, elbows
Measured: 12 months
IL-6 Cytokine at 3 months
Measured: 3 months
IL-6 Cytokine at 12 months
Measured: 12 months
IL-1β Cytokine at 6 months
Measured: 6 months
IL-1β Cytokine at 12 months
Measured: 12 months
IL-10 Cytokine at 6 months
Measured: 6 months
IL-10 Cytokine at 12 months
Measured: 12 months
TNF-α Cytokine at 6 months
Measured: 6 months
TNF-α Cytokine at 12 months
Measured: 12 months
C Reactive Protein at 6 months
Measured: 6 months
C Reactive Protein at 12 months
Measured: 12 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Aug 2016 (estimated)
- Study start9 Jan 2018
- Primary completion31 Dec 2018
- Study completion31 Dec 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for HaemophiliaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Minho
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Hospital Sao Joao
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Patrícia Ribeiro Pinto, University of Minho
- Investigators
- Patrícia R Pinto, PhD, Principal investigator, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02870452
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- RCT520101.ID1825
- Acronym
- PSY_HaEMOPEQ
- Status last verified
- Mar 2019
- First submitted
- 9 Aug 2016
- Last updated
- 26 Mar 2019
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Pinto PR, Paredes AC, Costa P, Carvalho M, Lopes M, Fernandes S, Pedras S, Almeida A. Effectiveness of two psychological interventions for pain management, emotional regulation and promotion of quality of life among adult Portuguese men with haemophilia (PSY-HaEMOPEQ): study protocol for a single-centre prospective randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2017 Sep 3;7(9):e016973. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016973.
PubMed 28871021
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 Mar 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effectiveness of Two Psychological Interventions for Prevention and Management of Pain, Emotional Regulation and Promotion of Quality of Life in People With Haemophilia: a Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02870452
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PSY_HaEMOPEQ / RCT520101.ID1825
- Conditions
- Haemophilia
- Keywords
- Haemophilia, RCT, Pain, Hemarthrosis, Hypnosis, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Quality of Life, Distress
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of MinhoUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Hospital Sao Joao
- Study start
- 9 Jan 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 17 Aug 2016 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relative effectiveness of two psychological interventions, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and hypnosis (Hyp), in preventing and managing pain, regulating emotional state and improving quality of life in Portuguese PWH.
Detailed description
22 (People with Haemophilia) PWH will be included in each group (Hypnosis, CBT and control-no intervention) (total=66). Sample size was calculated using G*Power 3.1.4 and considering the following assumptions: to perform a one-way ANOVA with fixed effects, a large effect size (f =0.4), a significance level (α - type I error) of 0.05 and a statistical power (1-β - type II error) of 0.80.
The patients will be approached by clinicians of the Immunohaemotherapy Department and the psychologists for the explanation of the study, confidentiality and voluntary nature of participation. Patients who agree to participate will be asked to read and sign the Informed Consent document. Afterwards, the first assessment moment will take place in order to get a baseline assessment of each patient (T0: pre-test). Subsequently, the blind randomization to one of the 3 conditions will occur and the 4 individual intervention sessions will be scheduled, occurring in a weekly basis (90 minutes per session).
The post-test assessment (T1) takes place one week after the last intervention session (in the 5th week), and the follow-up assessments (T2, T3 and T4) will occur subsequently at 3 months, 6 months and one year post-intervention.
A physiological assessment will be performed at T1, T2 and T4. This will be performed through the collection of blood samples in order to achieve a systemic evaluation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. A CBC (Complete Blood Count) with White Blood Count and C Reactive Protein (CRP) analysis will also be performed. Upon arrival at the Immunohaemotherapy Department (between 9:30 am and 1:30 pm), patients will undergo sample blood collection and EDTA-samples will be transported immediately to the lab.
In the lab, blood samples are centrifuged 15 minutes at 3.000 rpm, and plasma aliquoted and stored in a freezer at -80 ºC, until further analysis. Plasma levels of cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10) are assayed in duplicate using ultra-sensitive multiplex human ELISA kits (Life Technologies®).
Functional Assessment of the joints will be performed through the Gilbert (based on clinical evaluation) and Pettersson Scores (based on X-ray and ultrasonography).
All study procedures will comply with the applicable ethical guidelines.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Hypnosis | Experimental | Behavioral: HypnosisHypnosis for the prevention and management of pain, emotional regulation and promotion of quality of life in people with Haemophilia |
| Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy | Experimental | Behavioral: Cognitive-Behavioral TherapyCognitive Behavioral Therapy for the prevention and management of pain, emotional regulation and promotion of quality of life in people with Haemophilia |
| Control Group | No intervention | –No psychological intervention - standard Haemophilia care |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Mild pr severe Haemophilia A or B
- Age of 18 or older
- Ability to write and read
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Other comorbid life threatening diseases, such as cancer
- Neurological or psychiatric deficits
- Acquired Haemophilia
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Hypnosis4 weekly individual sessions of Hypnosis, conducted by a certified psychologist, with the approximate duration of 90 minutes. | Behavioural | Hypnosis |
| Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy4 weekly individual sessions of CBT, conducted by a certified psychologist, with the approximate duration of 90 minutes. | Behavioural | Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy |
Primary outcome
Pain intensity at 1 week as assessed by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)
Time frame: 1 week post-intervention
Pain intensity at 3 months as assessed by NRS
Time frame: 3 months post-intervention
Pain intensity at 6 months as assessed by NRS
Time frame: 6 months post-intervention
Pain intensity at 12 months as assessed by NRS
Time frame: 12 months post-intervention
54 secondary outcomes
Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) at 1 week as assessed by A36Hemofilia-Qol
Time frame: 1 week
HRQOL at 3 months as assessed by A36Hemofilia-Qol
Time frame: 3 months
HRQOL at 6 months as assessed by A36Hemofilia-Qol
Time frame: 6 months
HRQOL at 12 months as assessed by A36Hemofilia-Qol
Time frame: 12 months
Haemophilia related functional limitations at 1 week as assessed by Haemophilia Activities List (HAL)
Time frame: 1 week
Haemophilia related functional limitations at 3 months as assessed by HAL
Time frame: 3 months
Haemophilia related functional limitations at 6 months as assessed by HAL
Time frame: 6 months
Haemophilia related functional limitations at 12 months as assessed by HAL
Time frame: 12 months
Anxiety at 1 week as assessed by Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Anxiety Short Form v1.0
Time frame: 1 week
Anxiety at 3 months as assessed by PROMIS-Anxiety Short Form v1.0
Time frame: 3 months
Anxiety at 6 months as assessed by PROMIS-Anxiety Short Form v1.0
Time frame: 6 months
Anxiety at 12 months as assessed by PROMIS-Anxiety Short Form v1.0
Time frame: 12 months
Depression at 1 week as assessed by PROMIS-Depression Short Form v1.0
Time frame: 1 week
Depression at 3 months as assessed by PROMIS-Depression Short Form v1.0
Time frame: 3 months
Depression at 6 months as assessed by PROMIS-Depression Short Form v1.0
Time frame: 6 months
Depression at 12 months as assessed by PROMIS-Depression Short Form v1.0
Time frame: 12 months
Pain Catastrophizing at 1 week as assessed by Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) Catastrophizing Subscale
Time frame: 1 week
Pain Catastrophizing at 3 months as assessed by CSQ Catastrophizing Subscale
Time frame: 3 months
Pain Catastrophizing at 6 months as assessed by CSQ Catastrophizing Subscale
Time frame: 6 months
Pain Catastrophizing at 12 months as assessed by CSQ Catastrophizing Subscale
Time frame: 12 months
Illness Perception (Personal Control) at 1 week as assessed by Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R)
Time frame: 1 week
Illness Perception (Emotional Representation) at 1 week as assessed by IPQ-R
Time frame: 1 week
Illness Perception (Personal Control) at 3 months as assessed by IPQ-R
Time frame: 3 months
Illness Perception (Emotional Representation) at 3 months as assessed by IPQ-R
Time frame: 3 months
Illness Perception (Personal Control) at 6 months as assessed by IPQ-R
Time frame: 6 months
Illness Perception (Emotional Representation) at 6 months as assessed by IPQ-R
Time frame: 6 months
Illness Perception (Personal Control) at 12 months as assessed by IPQ-R
Time frame: 12 months
Illness Perception (Emotional Representation) at 12 months as assessed by IPQ-R
Time frame: 12 months
Number of joint bleeds in the previous month, at 1 week
Time frame: 1 week
Number of joint bleeds in the previous month, at 3 months
Time frame: 3 months
Number of joint bleeds in the previous month, at 6 months
Time frame: 6 months
Number of joint bleeds in the previous month, at 12 months
Time frame: 12 months
Analgesic intake in the previous month, at 1 week
Time frame: 1 week
Analgesic intake in the previous month, at 3 months
Time frame: 3 months
Analgesic intake in the previous month, at 6 months
Time frame: 6 months
Analgesic intake in the previous month, at 12 months
Time frame: 12 months
Replacement factor (VIII/IX) consumption in the previous month, at 1week
Time frame: 1 week
Replacement factor (VIII/IX) consumption in the previous month, at 3 months
Time frame: 3 months
Replacement factor (VIII/IX) consumption in the previous month, at 6 months
Time frame: 6 months
Replacement factor (VIII/IX) consumption in the previous month, at 12 months
Time frame: 12 months
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 Mar 2019.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 28871021Pinto PR, Paredes AC, Costa P, Carvalho M, Lopes M, Fernandes S, Pedras S, Almeida A. Effectiveness of two psychological interventions for pain management, emotional regulation and promotion of quality of life among adult Portuguese men with haemophilia (PSY-HaEMOPEQ): study protocol for a single-centre prospective randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2017 Sep 3;7(9):e016973. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016973.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Patrícia R Pinto, PhD principal investigator
Life and Health Sciences Research Institute
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Hypnosis and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in people with Haemophilia, run by University of Minho at 1 site in Portugal.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Mar 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Portugal. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pain intensity at 1 week as assessed by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) (time frame: 1 week post-intervention). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02870452, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Mar 2019.