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Type 1 Diabetes MellitusNCT02882737

The Impact of Subcutaneous Glucagon Before, During and After Exercise a Study in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

A study testing Glucagon before exercise, Glucagon after exercise and Glucagon after resting in people with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, run by Hvidovre University Hospital at 1 site in Denmark.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

This project is part of several studies exploring situations, where glucagon potential has lesser glucose elevating effect. Exercise can be one of these situations as exercise may reduce liver glycogen depots. The investigators aims are: 1. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 64 years
Conditions the study is for
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
What is being tested?
Glucagon before exercise, Glucagon after exercise and Glucagon after resting
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
14 participants
Where
1 siteDenmark
Study dates
Sep 2016to 11 Jul 2017
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 64 years
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult

Who may be able to join

  • Type 1 Diabetes ≥ 2 year
  • BMI 20-30 kg/m2
  • Insulin pump ≥ 1 year.
  • HbA1c < 69 mmol/mol (8.5 %)
  • Hypoglycemia awareness (reported by Gold et al.)
  • Use of carbohydrate counting and the insulin pump bolus calculator for all meals
  • Sedentary or mild physical activity: Less than 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity throughout the week and less than 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity throughout the week .

Who cannot join

  • Allergy or intolerance to lactose or GlucaGen® (Novo Nordisk, Bagsværd, DK)
  • Impaired renal function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2)
  • Liver disease with ALAT > 2.5 times the upper limit of the reference interval
  • Use of anti-diabetic medicine (other than insulin), per oral corticosteroids or other drugs affecting glucose metabolism during the study period or within 30 days prior to study start
  • Known or suspected alcohol or drug abuse
  • Other concomitant medical or psychological condition that according to the investigator's assessment makes the patient unsuitable for study participation
Show all 11Show fewer
  • Females who are pregnant, breast-feeding or intend to become pregnant or are not using adequate contraceptive methods
  • Inability to understand the patient information and to give informed consent
  • Physical or mental incapacity to perform exercise
  • Chronic use or unable to stop acetaminophen (paracetamol) use
  • Allergy to the patch of CGM

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Denmark1 site
  • Isabelle Steineck

    Hvidovre, 2650

Other trials in Denmark

About this study

This project is part of several studies exploring situations, where glucagon potential has lesser glucose elevating effect. Exercise can be one of these situations as exercise may reduce liver glycogen depots.

The investigators aims are:

  1. To compare the increase in plasma glucose after 200µg glucagon given either after exercise or after resting for 45 minutes.
  2. To determine whether a subcutaneous glucagon injection just before exercise has a greater impact on hepatic glucose production and thereby is superior to an injection after exercise in preventing hypoglycemia during and two hours after exercise.
  3. To compare the accuracy of two Dexcom G4 continuous glucose monitors, (CGM) placed at either the abdominal wall or on the upper arm.
Read the detailed description

Design:

A randomized placebo-controlled single-blinded study will be conducted. The subjects do not know if they get glucagon or placebo but the investigator know if the subject get glucagon or placebo. Study participants have to complete three study days and serve as their own controls. After participants have given an informed consent, they will go through three steps:

  1. Screening day
  2. Run-in period
  3. Three study days in a random order:
  • Exercise and glucagon injected after cycling/or during cycling in case of hypoglycemia
  • Resting and glucagon after resting
  • Exercise and glucagon subcutaneous before cycling

47-49 hours before the study visits one CGM device is placed on the abdominal wall on the participant at least 7 cm from the site of the insulin pump infusion set. One CGM is placed on the non-dominant upper arm between 10 cm from elbow and 10 cm from shoulder on the posterior/lateral side on the arm. The CGMs will be in place for seven days. The CGM readings on the CGM placed at the abdominal wall are not blinded for the participant. The CGM readings on the CGM placed on the arm is blinded for the participant. In the period from the study visits to 4 days after the study visits the participant will do self-monitoring of blood glucose 8 times a day on standardized times.

Being tested
Glucagon before exercise, Glucagon after exercise, Glucagon after resting
Medical subject headings
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Glucagon before exerciseDrug

  • Glucagon after exerciseDrug

  • Glucagon after restingDrug

Study groups in NCT02882737
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Exercise and glucagon before exerciseExperimental120 minutes after breakfast; a single subcutaneous bolus of 200µg glucagon is administered by the primary investigator. However, the patient do, not know whether placebo or a glucagon injection is administered. Exercise: Immediately thereafter, the patient will bicycle for 45 minutes at 50% of the heart rate HR reserve. When exercise is ended a single subcutaneous bolus of 0.2 ml saline is administered and the exercise session will be suspended. Again, the patient do not know whether placebo or a glucagon is administered.
Receives: Drug: Glucagon before exercise
Exercise and glucagon after exerciseActive comparator120 minutes after breakfast; a single subcutaneous bolus of 0.2 ml saline is administered by the primary investigator. However, the patient do, not know whether placebo or a glucagon injection is administered. Exercise: Immediately thereafter, the patient will bicycle for 45 minutes at 50% of the heart rate HR reserve. Low-dose glucagon phase: When exercise is ended or when hypoglycemia occurs (≤3.9 mmol/l); a single subcutaneous bolus of 200μg glucagon is administered and the exercise session will be suspended. Again, the patient do not know whether placebo or a glucagon is administered.
Receives: Drug: Glucagon after exercise
Resting and glucagon after restingActive comparator120 minutes after breakfast; a single subcutaneous bolus of 200μg placebo is administered. Resting: After placebo injection the patient will be resting on a hospital bed for 45 minutes. The patient do not know if placebo or glucagon is administered. Low-dose glucagon phase: After 45 minutes of resting or when hypoglycemia occurs, a single subcutaneous bolus of 200μg glucagon is administered. Safety issues: If plasma glucose drops < 2.5 mmol/l at two consecutive measurements with 5 min interval or the patient experiences unbearable symptoms of hypoglycemia even after glucagon administration, 20 g carbohydrate is given orally. If plasma glucose drops< 2.3 mmol/l or doesn't raise sufficient after oral glucose, we will give intravenøs glucose to the patient. The study will then end and a new study day will be planned.
Receives: Drug: Glucagon after resting

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. The primary endpoint is peak plasma glucose achieved within 2 hours after the 200 μg subcutaneous glucagon injection. In the primary analysis, the investigators will compare the peak plasma glucose after exercise and after resting.

    Measured: 2 hours

Secondary outcomes (24)
  1. The time-to-peak value after glucagon injection.

    Measured: 2 hours

  2. Duration of the glucagon effect; equal to the time point from glucagon injection to when plasma glucose is below baseline.

    Measured: 2 hours

  3. The glycaemic effect, calculated as the total area under the curve (tAUC) after each glucagon injection.

    Measured: 2 hours

  4. Changes in plasma ketone bodies after each glucagon injection.

    Measured: 2 hours

  5. Changes in plasma lactic acid after each glucagon injection

    Measured: 2 hours

  6. Changes in plasma glucagon after each glucagon injection

    Measured: 2 hours

  7. Changes in serum free fatty acid (FFA) after each glucagon injection

    Measured: 2 hours

  8. Changes in serum triglycerides after each glucagon injection

    Measured: 2 hours

  9. Number of events of hypoglycemia (plasma glucose ≤3.9 mmol/l) in the three study days.

    Measured: 3 hours

  10. Number of re-events of hypoglycemia (plasma glucose ≤3.9 mmol/l) 30 minutes after first event in the three study groups.

    Measured: 30 minutes

  11. Number of rebound hyperglycemia (plasma glucose ≥10.0 mmol/l).

    Measured: 4 hours

  12. Mean absolute difference (MARD) in the two CGM sites during the four days after the study day using the daily 8 prespecified plasma glucose measurements by Bayer Contour Link as the reference value.

    Measured: 4 days

  13. Mean absolute relative difference (MARD) during the study visits between the two sensor sites with the YSI 2300 STAT PLUS as the reference value.

    Measured: 6 hours

  14. MARD during the hypoglycemia range (≤3.9 mmol/l) of the study visits between the two sensor sites (CGMarm vs. CGMabdomen) with the YSI 2300 STAT PLUS as the reference value.

    Measured: 6 hours

  15. MARD during the euglycemia range (>3.9 mmol/l and < 10.0 mmol/l) of the study visits between the two sensor sites (CGMarm vs. CGMabdomen) with the YSI 2300 STAT PLUS as the reference.

    Measured: 6 hours

  16. MARD during the hyperglycemia range (≥10.0 mmol/l) of the study visits for the two Dexcom G4 sensor sites (CGMarm vs. CGMabdomen) with the YSI 2300 STAT PLUS as the reference value

    Measured: 6 hours

  17. MARD for the two sensor sites (CGMarm and CGMabdomen) from day 1- 7 with the Bayer Contour Link as the reference value.

    Measured: 7 days

  18. The rate-of change (ROC) of the two sensors.

    Measured: 6 hours

  19. The rate-of change (ROC) of plasma glucose measured by the YSI 2300 STAT PLUS.

    Measured: 6 hours

  20. The Precision Absolute Relative Difference (=CGM readings of one system will be subtracted from CGM readings of the other system, and this difference will be divided by the average of the CGM readings of the abdominal sensors.)

    Measured: 7 days

  21. The sensors' sensitivity and specificity to detect a hypoglycemic event.

    Measured: 7 days

  22. The point accuracy of both sensors with the Clarke error grid analysis

    Measured: 7 days

  23. The pressure induced sensor attenuation (PISA) by using a recent fault detection algorithm that can detect non-physiologic anomalous low sensor readings.

    Measured: 7 days

  24. The fused data from the two sensors.

    Fused data will be compared with data from individual sensors

    Measured: 7 days

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted30 Aug 2016 (estimated)
  2. Study startSep 2016
  3. Primary completion11 Jul 2017
  4. Study completion11 Jul 2017

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Crossover
Masking
Single blind
Who is masked
Participant
Enrolment
14 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT02882737
Sponsor's protocol ID
16016762
Status last verified
Sep 2016
First submitted
17 Aug 2016
Last updated
24 Jul 2017
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes
Individual data sharing
Yes: Data are processed and merged into at least two scientific articles published in international peer-reviewed scientific journal. Positive, negative and inconclusive results will be published as soon as scientifically justifiable. The study protocol will be published at www.clinicaltrial.gov. The results from the study will within 1 year be published on EudraCT. The sponsor will contact the Danish Health and Medicines Authority within 90 days after the study is ended and to inform them that the study has ended

Publications

  • Steineck IIK, Ranjan A, Schmidt S, Clausen TR, Holst JJ, Norgaard K. Preserved glucose response to low-dose glucagon after exercise in insulin-pump-treated individuals with type 1 diabetes: a randomised crossover study. Diabetologia. 2019 Apr;62(4):582-592. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4807-8. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

    PubMed 30643924

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Glucagon before exercise, Glucagon after exercise and Glucagon after resting in people with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, run by Hvidovre University Hospital at 1 site in Denmark.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 11 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Jul 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Denmark. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

The primary endpoint is peak plasma glucose achieved within 2 hours after the 200 μg subcutaneous glucagon injection. In the primary analysis, the investigators will compare the peak plasma glucose after exercise and after resting. (time frame: 2 hours). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02882737, which also lists 1 linked publication.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Jul 2017.

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