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Post Operative Cognitive DysfunctionPhase 3POCKNCT02892916

Ketamine and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction

A Phase 3 study testing Ketamine in people with Post Operative Cognitive Dysfunction, run by Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris at 1 site in France.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

Over 30 million patients require a major surgery annually in the US alone and more than half of them are performed in patients over 60 years of age. Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a keystone complication of these surgeries and affects up to 40% of surgical patients aged over 60 years on discharge from… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 60 years and older
Conditions the study is for
Post Operative Cognitive Dysfunction
What is being tested?
Ketamine
Type of treatment
Injection or infusion
Could I receive a placebo?
Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
How many people
307 participants
Where
1 siteFrance
Study dates
20 Mar 2017to 31 Aug 2019
Phase
Phase 3
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 60 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Patients 60 years and older
  • Competent to provide informed consent
  • Undergoing major elective orthopaedic surgery under general anaesthesia
  • Patients with and without pre-existing neurodegenerative disease

Who cannot join

  • Moribund patient or patient under palliative care
  • Expected length of stay at hospital < 48 hours
  • Patient under tutorship or curatorship
  • Surgical procedure performed under spinal or epidural anaesthesia without general anaesthesia
  • Emergency surgery (i.e. emergency hip fracture)
  • Patients with a known allergy to ketamine
Show all 16Show fewer
  • Contraindication for ketamine: severe, uncontrolled arterial hypertension or severe heart (FEVG<25%)
  • Patient with glaucoma or history of thyrotoxicosis
  • Severe audition or vision disorder
  • Patients with drug misuse history (e.g., ketamine, cocaine, heroin, amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine), phencyclidine, lysergic acid, mescaline, psilocybin)
  • Patients taking anti-psychotic medications (e.g., chlorpromazine, clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, haloperidol, quetiapine, risperidone, paliperidone, amisulpride, sertindole)
  • Patients with severe alcohol liver disease (TP<50% and or bilirubin > 50 µmol/L)
  • Pregnant or breast-feeding woman
  • Patient not speaking French
  • Absence of informed consent or request to not participate to the study
  • Non affiliation to the social security

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

France1 site
  • AP-HP - Hôpital Saint-Antoine

    Paris, Île-de-France Region, 75012

Other trials in France

About this study

Official title: The Prevention of Post Operative Cognitive Dysfunction by Ketamine: a Prospective Multicenter Randomized Blinded Placebo-controlled Trial in Elderly Patients Undergoing Elective Orthopaedic Surgery

Over 30 million patients require a major surgery annually in the US alone and more than half of them are performed in patients over 60 years of age. Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a keystone complication of these surgeries and affects up to 40% of surgical patients aged over 60 years on discharge from the hospital. Despite controlled longitudinal studies have shown that POCD is transient, it is associated with delirium, higher mortality, earlier retirement, and greater utilization of social financial assistance The pathophysiology of persistent postoperative cognitive dysfunction and causal relationship between POCD and delirium remain incompletely understood. Identified clinical risk factors for both include advanced age, type of surgery, preexisting cognitive impairment, and drug addiction. We and others have provided evidence that the inflammatory response triggered by surgical trauma and pain may contribute to the development of delirium and cognitive impairment after surgery.

Ketamine, a N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist, is commonly used in anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia. By reducing both pain and glutamate excitotoxic effects on neuronal and microglial brain cells, it contributes to tone down the neuroinflammatory process associated with surgery. A recent body of evidence has shown that ketamine reduces the depressive-like behavior induced by inflammatory or stress-induced stimuli in mice. Ketamine was also found to reduce levels of inflammatory biomarkers in cardiac surgical patients.

Orthopaedic surgery is a high-risk situation for developing postoperative cognitive dysfunction. In patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, the prevalence of POCD is 26% one week after surgery and decreased to 10% at 3 months postoperatively, and a similar prevalence is found 12 months after the operation. Postoperative delirium is associated with an increased risk of POCD. Hundred thousands of patients > 60 years undergo elective orthopaedic procedures per year around the world.

Read the detailed description

The design consists in a prospective multicenter randomized blinded placebo-controlled trial in elderly patients undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery.

Patients will be informed at the pre-anaesthetic consultation, 7 to 30 days before surgery. They will be randomized the day before surgery. Cognitive and depressive status at baseline will be assessed precisely the day pior to surgery with cognitive tests. Self-administered scores will be recorded to evaluate depression, anxiety, and quality of life.

At the day of surgery, patients in the experimental group will receive a bolus of low intravenous dose (sub-anaesthetic) 0.5 mg/kg ketamine following induction of anaesthesia. Patients in the control group will receive a bolus of an intravenous normal saline solution following induction of anaesthesia.

From D0 (2 hours after surgery end) to D7 or discharge from the hospital if earlier, delirium, pain, adverse clinical and psychiatric events will be measured and recorded.

Cognitive functions, neuropathic pain, depression, anxiety and quality of life will be assessed at D7 or discharge from the hospital if earlier and D90.

Inflammatory markers will be measured before surgery, at D1, D7 or discharge from the hospital if earlier and D90.

Being tested
Ketamine, Placebo
Keywords
Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), Delirium, Ketamine, Elective orthopaedic surgery
Medical subject headings
Delirium

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • KetamineDrug

    Also called Ketamine hydrochloride

    A bolus of low intravenous dose (sub-anaesthetic) 0.5 mg/kg ketamine following induction of anaesthesia.

  • PlaceboDrug

    Also called Normal saline solution

    A bolus of an intravenous normal saline solution following induction of anaesthesia.

Study groups in NCT02892916
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
KetamineExperimentalPatients in this experimental group will receive a bolus of low intravenous dose (sub-anaesthetic) 0.5 mg/kg ketamine following induction of anaesthesia.
Receives: Drug: Ketamine
PlaceboPlacebo comparatorPatients in this control group will receive a bolus of an intravenous normal saline solution following induction of anaesthesia.
Receives: Drug: Placebo

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Proportion of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction

    POCD assessed using MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) test and others cognitive tests included in the calculation of the combined Z-score

    Measured: Days 7 and 90 after surgery

Secondary outcomes (17)
  1. Post-operative cognitive dysfunction type

    The evaluation should be based on differences between pre- and postoperative performance (7 days or at discharge from the hospital if earlier and 3 months or earlier at the surgical follow-up visit depending on the practices of the different centers).

    Measured: Days 7 and 90 after surgery

  2. Post-operative cognitive dysfunction severity

    The evaluation should be based on differences between pre- and postoperative performance (7 days or at discharge from the hospital if earlier and 3 months or earlier at the surgical follow-up visit depending on the practices of the different centers).

    Measured: Days 7 and 90 after surgery

  3. The Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU)

    Measurements will start from postoperative day 0 two hours after the end of surgery to day 7 or discharge from the hospital if earlier, twice daily (morning and evening) with at least 6 hours between two consecutive measurements.

    Measured: Days 7 before surgery or discharge from the hospital

  4. Early postoperative delirium

    Patients with at least one episode of delirium measured by CAM (Confusion Assessment Method) or CAM-ICU (adaptation used in Intensive Care Unit) scores between day 0 and day 7

    Measured: 7 days after surgery

  5. Depression

    Depression assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)

    Measured: Days 7 and 90 after surgery

  6. Anxiety

    Anxiety assessed using the Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale.

    Measured: Days 7 and 90 after surgery

  7. Pain status: Visual Analog Scale

    Pain scores assessed by the patient-reported Visual Analog Scale. Neuropathic pain at 3 months measured by the DN4 (Douleur Neuropathique en 4 questions) questionnaire.

    Measured: Day prior to surgery, at days 7 and 90 after surgery

  8. Time from surgery to POCD.

    Time of occurrence of POCD (early or late) and his association with postoperative delirium

    Measured: Days 7 and 90 after surgery

  9. Pre-existing cognitive status

    Pre-existing cognitive status measured by the preoperative combined Z-score for cognitive functions and his association with the occurrence of postoperative delirium

    Measured: Days 7 and 90 after surgery

  10. Preoperative Charlson's score for comorbidities

    Preoperative Charlson's sore for comorbidities and his association with the occurrence of postoperative delirium

    Measured: Days 7 and 90 after surgery

  11. Intraoperative serious adverse events

    Intraoperative serious adverse events such as bleeding requiring at least 2 red cell units or unexpected prolonged duration of surgery and their association with postoperative delirium.

    Measured: Day 7

  12. Postoperative adverse events

    Early post-operative complications (reoperation, hospital readmission, bleeding, transfusion, sepsis, hypoxemia, sodium disorders, specific medications, presence or absence of a specific rehabilitation program) recorded from patients' charts and their association with postoperative delirium.

    Measured: Day 7

  13. Hospital length of stay

    Hospital length of stay assessed from patients' medical administrative data in days

    Measured: Day 90

  14. Cause of death

    Cause of death as postoperative cardio-respiratory arrest and degradation of the general condition

    Measured: Day 90

  15. Hospital readmission

    Hospital readmission during the follow up, whatever the etiology

    Measured: Day 90

  16. Inflammatory biomarkers

    Inflammatory biomarkers (C Reactive Protein, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-2, TNFalpha, B-type natriuretic peptide and Troponin) levels and their association with the occurrence of postoperative delirium and long term POCD

    Measured: Day 90

  17. Quality of life evaluated thanks to the SF-36 scale

    Quality of life evaluated thanks to the SF-36 scale is a 36-item patient-reported questionnaire that covers eight health domains: physical functioning (10 items), bodily pain (2 items), role limitations due to physical health problems (4 items), role limitations due to personal or emotional problems (4 items), emotional well-being (5 items), social functioning (2 items), energy/fatigue (4 items), and general health perceptions (5 items). Scores for each domain range from 0 to 100, with a higher score defining a more favorable health state

    Measured: Day 90

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted8 Sep 2016 (estimated)
  2. Study start20 Mar 2017
  3. Primary completion31 Aug 2019
  4. Study completion31 Aug 2019

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
Quadruple blind
Who is masked
Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
Enrolment
307 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT02892916
Sponsor's protocol ID
P150910
Other IDs
2016-000691-16, PHRC-15-15-0534, 2016
Acronym
POCK
Status last verified
Sep 2019
First submitted
31 Jul 2016
Last updated
10 Sep 2019
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Kurdi MS, Theerth KA, Deva RS. Ketamine: Current applications in anesthesia, pain, and critical care. Anesth Essays Res. 2014 Sep-Dec;8(3):283-90. doi: 10.4103/0259-1162.143110.

    PubMed 25886322
  • Jabre P, Combes X, Lapostolle F, Dhaouadi M, Ricard-Hibon A, Vivien B, Bertrand L, Beltramini A, Gamand P, Albizzati S, Perdrizet D, Lebail G, Chollet-Xemard C, Maxime V, Brun-Buisson C, Lefrant JY, Bollaert PE, Megarbane B, Ricard JD, Anguel N, Vicaut E, Adnet F; KETASED Collaborative Study Group. Etomidate versus ketamine for rapid sequence intubation in acutely ill patients: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 Jul 25;374(9686):293-300. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60949-1. Epub 2009 Jul 1.

    PubMed 19573904
  • Riou B, Lecarpentier Y, Viars P. Inotropic effect of ketamine on rat cardiac papillary muscle. Anesthesiology. 1989 Jul;71(1):116-25. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198907000-00020.

    PubMed 2751123
  • Riou B, Viars P, Lecarpentier Y. Effects of ketamine on the cardiac papillary muscle of normal hamsters and those with cardiomyopathy. Anesthesiology. 1990 Nov;73(5):910-8. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199011000-00019.

    PubMed 2240681
  • Zanos P, Moaddel R, Morris PJ, Georgiou P, Fischell J, Elmer GI, Alkondon M, Yuan P, Pribut HJ, Singh NS, Dossou KS, Fang Y, Huang XP, Mayo CL, Wainer IW, Albuquerque EX, Thompson SM, Thomas CJ, Zarate CA Jr, Gould TD. NMDAR inhibition-independent antidepressant actions of ketamine metabolites. Nature. 2016 May 26;533(7604):481-6. doi: 10.1038/nature17998. Epub 2016 May 4.

    PubMed 27144355
  • Harraz MM, Tyagi R, Cortes P, Snyder SH. Antidepressant action of ketamine via mTOR is mediated by inhibition of nitrergic Rheb degradation. Mol Psychiatry. 2016 Mar;21(3):313-9. doi: 10.1038/mp.2015.211. Epub 2016 Jan 19.

    PubMed 26782056
  • Zorumski CF, Nagele P, Mennerick S, Conway CR. Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: Rationale for NMDA Receptors as Targets and Nitrous Oxide as Therapy. Front Psychiatry. 2015 Dec 9;6:172. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00172. eCollection 2015.

    PubMed 26696909
  • Hudetz JA, Patterson KM, Iqbal Z, Gandhi SD, Byrne AJ, Hudetz AG, Warltier DC, Pagel PS. Ketamine attenuates delirium after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2009 Oct;23(5):651-7. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2008.12.021. Epub 2009 Feb 23.

    PubMed 19231245
  • Arrowsmith JE, Harrison MJ, Newman SP, Stygall J, Timberlake N, Pugsley WB. Neuroprotection of the brain during cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized trial of remacemide during coronary artery bypass in 171 patients. Stroke. 1998 Nov;29(11):2357-62. doi: 10.1161/01.str.29.11.2357.

    PubMed 9804648
  • Verdonk F, Lambert P, Gakuba C, Nelson AC, Lescot T, Garnier F, Constantin JM, Saurel D, Lasocki S, Rineau E, Diemunsch P, Dreyfuss L, Tavernier B, Bezu L, Josserand J, Mebazaa A, Coroir M, Nouette-Gaulain K, Macouillard G, Glasman P, Lemesle D, Minville V, Cuvillon P, Gaudilliere B, Quesnel C, Abdel-Ahad P, Sharshar T, Molliex S, Gaillard R, Mantz J. Preoperative ketamine administration for prevention of postoperative neurocognitive disorders after major orthopedic surgery in elderly patients: A multicenter randomized blinded placebo-controlled trial. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2024 Aug;43(4):101387. doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2024.101387. Epub 2024 May 6.

    PubMed 38710325

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 3 study testing Ketamine in people with Post Operative Cognitive Dysfunction, run by Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris at 1 site in France.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 16 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Sep 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in France. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Proportion of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction (time frame: Days 7 and 90 after surgery). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02892916, which also lists 10 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Sep 2019.

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