Type 1 DiabetesNCT02907346
A Reinforcement Approach to Increase Use of CGM
A study testing Reinforcement for wearing CGM in people with Type 1 Diabetes, run by Yale University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this pilot project is to evaluate the effectiveness of a behavioral economic intervention to increase use of continuous glucose monitors (CGM) in adolescents and young adults with T1D. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 13 to 26 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Type 1 Diabetes
- What is being tested?
- Reinforcement for wearing CGM
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 19 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 1 Sep 2016to 31 Dec 2019
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 13 to 26 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- age 13-26 years old;
- diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) >12 months via ADA guidelines
- average A1c >7.5% and <14% during the year before study entry, and most recent A1c >7.5% but <14%;
- have ordered and received a CGM, but have not used a CGM >3 days a week on average during the past 6 months.
- test blood glucose levels at least 2 times per day on average;
- access to a computer with internet for uploading CGM data;
- access to a cell phone to communicate with research staff;
- English speaking, able to read at >5th grade level, and pass an informed consent quiz; and adequate knowledge of insulin dosing and dietary recommendations for managing T1D.
Who cannot join
- have a major psychiatric or neurocognitive disorder (e.g., severe learning impairment) that would inhibit participation;
- have a major visual impairment;
- have a significant other medical condition that impacts diabetes management (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, or other condition that requires steroid treatment);
- plan to switch insulin delivery mode (injection to pump or vice versa) in the next 12 months, or have recently switched.
- Fail to complete the baseline phase wearing the CGM.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut, 06520
About this study
The purpose of this pilot project is to evaluate the effectiveness of a behavioral economic intervention to increase use of continuous glucose monitors (CGM) in adolescents and young adults with T1D. This study will be done in conjunction with Nancy Petry, PhD and her research team at University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health). The intervention will reinforce patients for wearing CGM and for uploading it and reviewing its data. A 6-month pilot trial will be conducted with up to 20 patients receiving the intervention. The specific aims are:
Read the detailed description
The purpose of this pilot project is to evaluate the effectiveness of a behavioral economic intervention to increase use of continuous glucose monitors (CGM) in adolescents and young adults with T1D. This study will be done in conjunction with Nancy Petry, PhD and her research team at University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health). The intervention will reinforce patients for wearing CGM and for uploading it and reviewing its data. A 6-month pilot trial will be conducted with up to 20 patients receiving the intervention. The specific aims are:
- To estimate how well a reinforcement intervention increases usage of CGM. The proportion of days on which participants wear the CGM will be determined as well as the number of weeks during which CGM is worn at least 5 days. We will compare usage rates in the pilot trial to historical control data of patients initiating CGM.
- To evaluate the association between CGM usage and A1c. We expect A1c will decrease over time in patients who receive the reinforcement intervention. Patients who continue using the CGM are expected to have greater decreases in A1c than patients who discontinue its usage.
Evaluations will be conducted at time of CGM initiation, and 6, 13, 19, 26, and 39 weeks after treatment initiation to assess effects of the intervention and estimate effect sizes.
In addition to the primary aims, secondary outcomes will also be evaluated. Continued use of CGM is expected to improve aspects of diabetes management and daily functioning. Predictors of continued CGM usage and improvements in A1c will also be evaluated.
Results from this pilot study will be instrumental for guiding a subsequent, larger and longer term randomized study for evaluating reinforcement interventions for improving uptake of CGM, other diabetes-related adherence behaviors, and long-term outcomes.
- Conditions
- Type 1 Diabetes
- Being tested
- Reinforcement for wearing CGM
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Reinforcement for wearing CGMBehavioural
Also called Reinforcement for CGM wear
The intervention will reinforce patients for wearing CGM and for uploading it and reviewing its data.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Reinforcement for wearing CGM | Experimental | The intervention will reinforce patients for wearing CGM and for uploading it and reviewing its data. Receives: Behavioral: Reinforcement for wearing CGM |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in the Proportion of days participants wear the CGM
CGM data uploaded to a CGM tracking website (e.g., Dexcom CLARITY™, Carelink) will be used to calculate the change in the proportion of days when the patient wore the CGM. At the 6, 13, 19, 26 and 39 week study visits, data will be uploaded and exported into an Excel file to calculate the days.
Measured: up to 39 weeks
Change in the number of weeks participants wear the CGM on at least 5 days
CGM data uploaded to a CGM tracking website (e.g., Dexcom CLARITY™, Carelink) will be used to calculate the change in the number of weeks when the CGM is worn at least 5 days. At the 6, 13, 19, 26 and 39 week study visits, CGM data will be uploaded and exported into an Excel file to calculate the number of weeks when it is worn at least 5 days.
Measured: up to 39 weeks
Change in A1c
Change in A1c will be evaluated at the week 6, 13, 19, 26 and 39 week study visits by finger prick (DCA Vantage,Siemons).
Measured: up to 39 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Sep 2016 (estimated)
- Study start1 Sep 2016
- Primary completion30 Jun 2019
- Study completion31 Dec 2019
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Type 1 DiabetesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Yale UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 19 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Yale University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- William Tamborlane, MD, Principal investigator, Yale University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02907346
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 1603017504
- Other IDs
- 1DP3DK097705-01
- Status last verified
- Aug 2020
- First submitted
- 25 Jul 2016
- Last updated
- 31 Aug 2020
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 31 Aug 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Reinforcement Approach to Increase Use of CGM
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02907346
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 1603017504
- Conditions
- Type 1 Diabetes
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 19 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Yale UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
- Study start
- 1 Sep 2016 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jun 2019 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2019 (actual)
- First posted
- 20 Sep 2016 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this pilot project is to evaluate the effectiveness of a behavioral economic intervention to increase use of continuous glucose monitors (CGM) in adolescents and young adults with T1D. This study will be done in conjunction with Nancy Petry, PhD and her research team at University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health). The intervention will reinforce patients for wearing CGM and for uploading it and reviewing its data. A 6-month pilot trial will be conducted with up to 20 patients receiving the intervention. The specific aims are:
Detailed description
The purpose of this pilot project is to evaluate the effectiveness of a behavioral economic intervention to increase use of continuous glucose monitors (CGM) in adolescents and young adults with T1D. This study will be done in conjunction with Nancy Petry, PhD and her research team at University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health). The intervention will reinforce patients for wearing CGM and for uploading it and reviewing its data. A 6-month pilot trial will be conducted with up to 20 patients receiving the intervention. The specific aims are:
- To estimate how well a reinforcement intervention increases usage of CGM. The proportion of days on which participants wear the CGM will be determined as well as the number of weeks during which CGM is worn at least 5 days. We will compare usage rates in the pilot trial to historical control data of patients initiating CGM.
- To evaluate the association between CGM usage and A1c. We expect A1c will decrease over time in patients who receive the reinforcement intervention. Patients who continue using the CGM are expected to have greater decreases in A1c than patients who discontinue its usage.
Evaluations will be conducted at time of CGM initiation, and 6, 13, 19, 26, and 39 weeks after treatment initiation to assess effects of the intervention and estimate effect sizes.
In addition to the primary aims, secondary outcomes will also be evaluated. Continued use of CGM is expected to improve aspects of diabetes management and daily functioning. Predictors of continued CGM usage and improvements in A1c will also be evaluated.
Results from this pilot study will be instrumental for guiding a subsequent, larger and longer term randomized study for evaluating reinforcement interventions for improving uptake of CGM, other diabetes-related adherence behaviors, and long-term outcomes.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Reinforcement for wearing CGM | Experimental | Behavioral: Reinforcement for wearing CGMThe intervention will reinforce patients for wearing CGM and for uploading it and reviewing its data. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 13 to 26 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (8 listed)
- age 13-26 years old;
- diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) >12 months via ADA guidelines
- average A1c >7.5% and <14% during the year before study entry, and most recent A1c >7.5% but <14%;
- have ordered and received a CGM, but have not used a CGM >3 days a week on average during the past 6 months.
- test blood glucose levels at least 2 times per day on average;
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- have a major psychiatric or neurocognitive disorder (e.g., severe learning impairment) that would inhibit participation;
- have a major visual impairment;
- have a significant other medical condition that impacts diabetes management (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, or other condition that requires steroid treatment);
- plan to switch insulin delivery mode (injection to pump or vice versa) in the next 12 months, or have recently switched.
- Fail to complete the baseline phase wearing the CGM.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Reinforcement for wearing CGMAlso: Reinforcement for CGM wearThe intervention will reinforce patients for wearing CGM and for uploading it and reviewing its data. | Behavioural | Reinforcement for wearing CGM |
Primary outcome
Change in the Proportion of days participants wear the CGM
Time frame: up to 39 weeks
CGM data uploaded to a CGM tracking website (e.g., Dexcom CLARITY™, Carelink) will be used to calculate the change in the proportion of days when the patient wore the CGM. At the 6, 13, 19, 26 and 39 week study visits, data will be uploaded and exported into an Excel file to calculate the days.
Change in the number of weeks participants wear the CGM on at least 5 days
Time frame: up to 39 weeks
CGM data uploaded to a CGM tracking website (e.g., Dexcom CLARITY™, Carelink) will be used to calculate the change in the number of weeks when the CGM is worn at least 5 days. At the 6, 13, 19, 26 and 39 week study visits, CGM data will be uploaded and exported into an Excel file to calculate the number of weeks when it is worn at least 5 days.
Change in A1c
Time frame: up to 39 weeks
Change in A1c will be evaluated at the week 6, 13, 19, 26 and 39 week study visits by finger prick (DCA Vantage,Siemons).
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 31 Aug 2020.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
William Tamborlane, MD principal investigator
Yale University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Reinforcement for wearing CGM in people with Type 1 Diabetes, run by Yale University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 31 Aug 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in the Proportion of days participants wear the CGM (time frame: up to 39 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 31 Aug 2020.