HIV InfectionsPhase 2/3HVTN702NCT02968849
Pivotal Phase 2b/3 ALVAC/Bivalent gp120/MF59 HIV Vaccine Prevention Safety and Efficacy Study in South Africa
A Phase 2/3 study testing ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) and Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59 in people with HIV Infections, run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at 14 sites in South Africa.
Trial summary
This study will evaluate the preventive vaccine efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) + Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59 in HIV-seronegative South African adults over 24 months and potentially up to 36 months from enrollment. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 35 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- HIV Infections
- What is being tested?
- ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) and Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59
- Type of treatment
- Vaccines, Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 5,404 participants
- Where
- 14 sitesSouth Africa
- Study dates
- 26 Oct 2016to 16 Nov 2021
- Phase
- Phase 2/3
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 35 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age of 18 to 35 years
- Sexually active, defined as having had sexual intercourse at least twice in the past 30 days prior to screening, and is considered by the site staff to be at risk for HIV infection.
- Access to a participating HVTN CRS and willingness to be followed for the planned duration of the study
- Ability and willingness to provide informed consent
- Assessment of understanding: volunteer demonstrates understanding of this study prior to first vaccination with verbal demonstration of understanding of all questions.
- Agrees not to enroll in another study of an investigational research agent until the participant is unblinded or their study participation ends, whichever occurs last
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- Good general health as shown by medical history, physical exam, and screening laboratory tests
- Willingness to receive HIV test results
- Willingness to discuss HIV infection risks and willing to receive HIV risk reduction counseling.
- Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) < 2.5 times the institutional upper limit of normal
- Negative HIV-1 and -2 blood test within 30 days prior to enrollment: Sites may use locally available assays that have been approved by HVTN Laboratory Operations.
- Volunteers who were born female: negative serum or urine beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) pregnancy test performed prior to vaccination on the day of initial vaccination. Persons who are NOT of reproductive potential due to having undergone total hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy (verified by medical records), are not required to undergo pregnancy testing.
- Reproductive status: A volunteer who was born female must:
- Agree to consistently use effective contraception (Appendix B and Appendix C) for sexual activity that could lead to pregnancy from at least 21 days prior to enrollment through 3 months after the last vaccination. Effective contraception is defined as using 2 methods of birth control. These include 1 of the following methods:
- Condoms (male or female)
- Diaphragm or cervical cap
- PLUS 1 of the following methods:
- Intrauterine device (IUD),
- Hormonal contraception (in accordance with applicable national contraception guidelines), or
- Successful vasectomy in the male partner (considered successful if a volunteer reports that a male partner has [1] documentation of azoospermia by microscopy, or [2] a vasectomy more than 2 years ago with no resultant pregnancy despite sexual activity postvasectomy), or
- Any other contraceptive method approved by the protocol safety review team;
- Or not be of reproductive potential, such as having been diagnosed with premature menopause (with no menses for 1 year) or having undergone hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, or tubal ligation.
- Volunteers who were born female must also agree not to seek pregnancy through alternative methods, such as artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization until 3 months after the last vaccination
Who cannot join
- Blood products received within 90 days before first vaccination
- Investigational research agents received within 30 days before first vaccination
- Intent to participate in another study of an investigational research agent or any other study that requires non-HVTN HIV antibody testing during the planned duration of the study
- Pregnant or breastfeeding
- HIV vaccine(s) received in a prior HIV vaccine trial. For volunteers who have received control/placebo in an HIV vaccine trial, the HVTN 702 PSRT will determine eligibility on a case-by-case basis.
- Non-HIV experimental vaccine(s) received within the last 5 years in a prior vaccine trial. Exceptions may be made for vaccines that have subsequently undergone licensure. For volunteers who have received control/placebo in an experimental vaccine trial, the protocol safety review team will determine eligibility on a case-by-case basis. For volunteers who have received an experimental vaccine(s) greater than 5 years ago, eligibility for enrollment will be determined by the protocol safety review team on a case-by-case basis.
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- Live attenuated vaccines other than influenza vaccine received within 30 days before first vaccination or scheduled within 14 days after injection (eg, measles, mumps, and rubella [MMR]; oral polio vaccine [OPV]; varicella; yellow fever)
- Influenza vaccine or any vaccines that are not live attenuated vaccines and were received within 14 days prior to first vaccination (eg, tetanus, pneumococcal, Hepatitis A or B)
- Immunosuppressive medications received within 168 days before first vaccination. (Not exclusionary: [1] corticosteroid nasal spray; [2] inhaled corticosteroids; [3] topical corticosteroids for mild, uncomplicated dermatitis; or [4] a single course of oral/parenteral corticosteroids at doses < 2 mg/kg/day and length of therapy < 11 days with completion at least 30 days prior to enrollment.)
- Serious adverse reactions to vaccines or to vaccine components such as eggs, egg products, or neomycin including history of anaphylaxis and related symptoms such as hives, respiratory difficulty, angioedema, and/or abdominal pain. (Not excluded from participation: a volunteer who had a non-anaphylactic adverse reaction to pertussis vaccine as a child.)
- Immunoglobulin received within 60 days before first vaccination
- Immunodeficiency
- Clinically significant medical condition, physical examination findings, clinically significant abnormal laboratory results, or past medical history with clinically significant implications for current health. A clinically significant condition or process includes but is not limited to:
- A process that would affect the immune response,
- A process that would require medication that affects the immune response,
- Any contraindication to repeated injections or blood draws,
- A condition that requires active medical intervention or monitoring to avert grave danger to the volunteer's health or well-being during the study period,
- A condition or process for which signs or symptoms could be confused with reactions to vaccine, or
- Any condition specifically listed among the exclusion criteria below.
- Any medical, psychiatric, occupational, or other condition that, in the judgment of the investigator, would interfere with, or serve as a contraindication to, protocol adherence, assessment of safety or reactogenicity, or a volunteer's ability to give informed consent
- Psychiatric condition that precludes compliance with the protocol. Specifically excluded are persons with psychoses within the past 3 years, ongoing risk for suicide, or history of suicide attempt or gesture within the past 3 years.
- Active tuberculosis (TB) disease
- Uncontrolled hypertension: systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 100 mm Hg
- Bleeding disorder (diagnosed by a doctor) contraindicating IM injection and/or blood draws, based on investigator's judgment
- Malignancy (Not excluded from participation: Volunteer who has had malignancy excised surgically and who, in the investigator's estimation, has a reasonable assurance of sustained cure or who is unlikely to experience recurrence of malignancy during the period of the study)
- History of hereditary angioedema, acquired angioedema, or idiopathic angioedema
Trial locations and contacts
14 sites in 1 country.
14 sites in 1 country
South Africa14 sites
Emavundleni CRS
Cape Town, Western Cape, 7750
Khayelitsha CRS
Cape Town, Western Cape, 7784
eThekwini CRS
Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 4013
Isipingo CRS
Isipingo, KwaZulu-Natal, 4110
Kliptown Soweto CRS
Johannesburg, Gauteng, 1409
Aurum Tembisa CRS
Johannesburg, Gauteng, 1632
Soweto HVTN CRS
Johannesburg, Gauteng, 1862
Aurum Institute Klerksdorp CRS
Klerksdorp, North West, 2571
Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic CRS
Ladysmith, KwaZulu-Natal, 3370
Walter Sisulu University HIV Vaccine Research Unit CRS
Mthatha, Eastern Cape, 5099
MeCRU CRS
Pretoria, Gauteng, 0204
Rustenburg CRS
Rustenburg, North West, 0300
Setshaba Research Centre CRS
Soshanguve, Gauteng, 0152
Verulam CRS
Verulam, KwaZulu-Natal
About this study
Official title: A Pivotal Phase 2b/3 Multisite, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) and Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59 in Preventing HIV-1 Infection in Adults in South Africa
This study will evaluate the preventive vaccine efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) + Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59 in HIV-seronegative South African adults over 24 months and potentially up to 36 months from enrollment.
Read the detailed description
This study will evaluate the preventive vaccine efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the ALVAC-HIV vaccine + Bivalent Subtype C gp120 protein adjuvanted with MF59 in HIV-seronegative South African adults over 24 months from enrollment.
Participants will be randomized to receive ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438), or placebo, by intramuscular injection at weeks 0 and 4; they will receive ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) + Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59, or placebo, by IM injection at weeks 12, 24, and 52.
In addition to the vaccination visits, participants will attend study visits at weeks 26, 39, 54, 65, 78, 91, 104, 117, 130, 142, and 156. All study visits, including vaccination visits, will include HIV risk reduction counseling, a physical exam, and an interview/questionnaire. and pregnancy testing for participants capable of becoming pregnant. Select study visits will include a medical history review, physical exam, blood collection, urine collection, HIV testing, and pregnancy testing for participants capable of becoming pregnant.
As of February 3, 2020, vaccinations for this study were suspended. Participants have been asked to continue attending follow-up visits for 12 months after the last vaccination they received. Participants who become HIV infected will be followed for 6 months after diagnosis.
- Conditions
- HIV Infections
- Being tested
- ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438), Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59, Placebo
- Keywords
- HIV
- Medical subject headings
- HIV Infections
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438)Biological
Expresses the gene products ZM96 gp120 (clade C strain) linked to the sequences encoding the HIV-1 transmembrane anchor (TM) sequence of gp41 (28 amino acids clade B LAI strain) and gag and pro (clade B LAI strain). It is formulated as a lyophilized vaccine for injection at a dose > 10^6 cell culture infectious dose 50% (CCIDv50) and < 1 × 10^8 CCIDv50 (nominal dose of 10^7 CCIDv50) and is reconstituted with 1 mL of sterile sodium chloride solution (NaCl 0.4%) delivered IM
Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59Biological
Subtype C TV1.C gp120 Env and 1086.C gp120 Env proteins, each at a dose of 100 mcg, mixed with MF59 adjuvant (an oil-in-water emulsion) and delivered IM
PlaceboBiological
Sodium Chloride for injection, 0.9% delivered IM
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| ALVAC-HIV + subtype C gp120/MF59 | Active comparator | 2700 participants will receive an IM injection of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) at months 0 and 1, and an IM injection of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) + Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59 at months 3, 6, and 12. Receives: Biological: ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438); Biological: Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59 |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | 2700 participants will receive Sodium Chloride for injection, 0.9% at months 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12. Receives: Biological: Placebo |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Incidence Rate of HIV-1 Infection Diagnosed After Enrollment (Concurrent With First Vaccination) Through 24 Months After Enrollment
Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 minus the hazard ratio for HIV-1 infection, which was estimated using a sex-stratified Cox proportional-hazards (Cox PH) model and tested using a sex-stratified log-rank test. Vaccine efficacy was also measured using a ratio of cumulative incidences (CIR) of HIV-1 infection in the vaccine group as compared with the placebo group, which was calculated using Nelson-Aalen cumulative hazard estimates and tested using a Wald test.
Measured: Measured through 24 months after first vaccination
Number of Participants Reporting Local Reactogenicity Signs and Symptoms: Pain and/or Tenderness
Graded according to the Division of AIDS (DAIDS) Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events, Version 2.1 [July 2017]. The maximum grade observed for each symptom over the time frame is presented.
Measured: Measured through 3 full days following each vaccination
Number of Participants Reporting Local Reactogenicity Signs and Symptoms: Erythema and/or Induration
Graded according to the Division of AIDS (DAIDS) Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events, Version 2.1 [July 2017]. The maximum grade observed for each symptom over the time frame is presented.
Measured: Measured through 3 full days following each vaccination
Number of Participants Reporting Systemic Reactogenicity Signs and Symptoms
Graded according to the Division of AIDS (DAIDS) Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events, Version 2.1 [July 2017]. The maximum grade observed for each symptom over the time frame is presented.
Measured: Measured through 3 full days following each vaccination
Number of Participants Reporting Adverse Events (AEs), by Relationship to Study Product
For participants reporting multiple AEs over the time frame, the maximum relationship is counted.
Measured: Measured through 30 days after each vaccination
Number of Participants Reporting Adverse Events (AEs), by Severity Grade
For participants reporting multiple AEs over the time frame, the maximum severity grade is counted.
Measured: Measured through 30 days after each vaccination
Number of Participants Reporting Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
Measured as outlined in Version 2.0 (January 2010) of the Manual for Expedited Reporting of Adverse Events to DAIDS (DAIDS EAE Manual).
Measured: Measured through 12 months after last vaccination
Number of Participants Reporting Adverse Events of Special Interest (AESIs)
Adverse events of special interest (AESI) were described in Appendix J of the protocol. AESI for this protocol include but are not limited to potential immune-mediated diseases.
Measured: Measured through 12 months after last vaccination
Number of Participants Reporting New Chronic Medical Conditions
A new chronic medical condition is defined as a new onset or exacerbation of medical condition requiring 2 or more visits to a medical provider during a period of at least 30 days.
Measured: Measured through 12 months after last vaccination
Number of Participants With Early Study Termination Associated With an AE or Reactogenicity
From the termination form, early study termination associated with an AE or reactogenicity reasons are tabulated by treatment group.
Measured: Measured through study completion (through 6 months after confirmation of HIV-1 diagnosis for participants who acquired HIV and through 12 months after last vaccination for the rest)
Number of Participants With Study Product Discontinuation Associated With an AE or Reactogenicity
From the study product discontinuation form, study product discontinuation reasons are tabulated by treatment group.
Measured: Measured through study completion (through 6 months after confirmation of HIV-1 diagnosis for participants who acquired HIV and through 12 months after last vaccination for the rest)
Incidence Rate of HIV-1 Infections Diagnosed Following Enrollment and Throughout All Participant Follow-Up
Per the 23 January 2020 DSMB finding that monitoring boundaries for non-efficacy have been met, Primary outcome 1 has been superseded by this primary outcome. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 minus the hazard ratio for HIV-1 infection, which was estimated using a sex-stratified Cox proportional-hazards (Cox PH) model and tested using a sex-stratified log-rank test. Vaccine efficacy was also measured using a ratio of cumulative incidences (CIR) of HIV-1 infection in the vaccine group as compared with the placebo group, which was calculated using Nelson-Aalen cumulative hazard estimates and tested using a Wald test.
Measured: Measured through 36 months after first vaccination
Secondary outcomes (18)
Incidence Rate of HIV-1 Infection Diagnosed After Enrollment Through 36 Months Post Enrollment
This outcome measure is the same as Primary Outcome 12, which was added after pre-established criteria for vaccine non-efficacy had been met. Analysis was not repeated but the outcome is listed for completeness.
Measured: Measured through 36 months after first vaccination
Incidence Rate of HIV-1 Infection Diagnosed After Month 6.5 Through 24 Months Post Enrollment
Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 minus the hazard ratio for HIV-1 infection, which was estimated using a sex-stratified Cox proportional-hazards (Cox PH) model and tested using a sex-stratified log-rank test. Vaccine efficacy was also measured using a ratio of cumulative incidences (CIR) of HIV-1 infection in the vaccine group as compared with the placebo group, which was calculated using Nelson-Aalen cumulative hazard estimates and tested using a Wald test.
Measured: Measured after Month 6.5 through 24 months after first vaccination
Number of Participants With Occurrence of CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cells Expressing IFN-g and/or IL-2 in Response to HIV Proteins Included in the Vaccine at Month 6.5
PBMC samples are stimulated with synthetic peptide pools or left unstimulated as negative control. Response magnitude is % cells expressing IFN-g and/or IL-2 after stimulation minus % cells expressing markers after no stimulation. Contingency table is constructed to assess response: stimulation (peptide/none) vs. marker expression (yes/no). One-sided Fisher's exact test is applied, testing if number of cells positive for the marker is equal in stimulated vs. unstimulated cells. Bonferroni-Holm adjustment is made over peptide pools. Response is positive if adjusted p-value le 0.00001. Data are excluded if blood draw date was outside visit window, participant was HIV-infected (post-infection samples), PBMC viability/T-cell count were low or negative control was high. Any Env is the maximum of ZM96 gp120, 1086 gp120, and TV1 gp120. Any HIV is the sum of Any Env and LAI Gag. Negative magnitudes are censored at 0 before calculating sum; if the sum is lt 0.01, it is set to 0.01%.
Measured: Measured at Month 6.5
Number of Participants With Occurrence of CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cells Expressing IFN-g and/or IL-2 and/or CD40L in Response to HIV Proteins Included in the Vaccine at Month 6.5
PBMC samples are stimulated with synthetic peptide pools or left unstimulated as negative control. Response magnitude is % cells expressing IFN-g and/or IL-2 after stimulation minus % cells expressing markers after no stimulation. Contingency table is constructed to assess response: stimulation (peptide/none) vs. marker expression (yes/no). One-sided Fisher's exact test is applied, testing if number of cells positive for the marker is equal in stimulated vs. unstimulated cells. Bonferroni-Holm adjustment is made over peptide pools. Response is positive if adjusted p-value le 0.00001. Data are excluded if blood draw date was outside visit window, participant was HIV-infected (post-infection samples), PBMC viability/T-cell count were low or negative control was high. Any Env is the maximum of ZM96 gp120, 1086 gp120, and TV1 gp120. Any HIV is the sum of Any Env and LAI Gag. Negative magnitudes are censored at 0 before calculating sum; if the sum is lt 0.01, it is set to 0.01%.
Measured: Measured at Month 6.5
Level of CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cells Expressing IFN-g and/or IL-2 in Response to HIV Proteins Included in the Vaccine at Month 6.5
PBMC samples are stimulated with synthetic peptide pools or left unstimulated as negative control. Response magnitude is % cells expressing IFN-g and/or IL-2 after stimulation minus % cells expressing markers after no stimulation. Data are excluded if blood draw date was outside visit window, participant was HIV-infected (post-infection samples), PBMC viability/T-cell count were low or negative control was high. Any Env is the maximum of ZM96 gp120, 1086 gp120, and TV1 gp120. Any HIV is the sum of Any Env and LAI Gag. Negative magnitudes are censored at 0 before calculating sum; if the sum is lt 0.01, it is set to 0.01%. Summary was calculated among positive responders only.
Measured: Measured at Month 6.5
Level of CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cells Expressing IFN-g and/or IL-2 and/or CD40L in Response to HIV Proteins Included in the Vaccine at Month 6.5
PBMC samples are stimulated with synthetic peptide pools or left unstimulated as negative control. Response magnitude is % cells expressing IFN-g and/or IL-2 after stimulation minus % cells expressing markers after no stimulation. Data are excluded if blood draw date was outside visit window, participant was HIV-infected (post-infection samples), PBMC viability/T-cell count were low or negative control was high. Any Env is the maximum of ZM96 gp120, 1086 gp120, and TV1 gp120. Any HIV is the sum of Any Env and LAI Gag. Negative magnitudes are censored at 0 before calculating sum; if the sum is lt 0.01, it is set to 0.01%. Summary was calculated among positive responders only.
Measured: Measured at Month 6.5
Number of Participants With Occurrence of Vaccine-induced IgG Binding Antibodies to HIV Proteins at Month 6.5
Serum IgG responses were measured on a Bio-Plex instrument using a standardized custom Luminex assay, run at 1:50 dilution.The readout is background-subtracted mean fluorescent intensity(MFI),with background adjustment for an antigen-specific plate level control.For each sample,response magnitude is net MFI,defined as experimental antigen MFI minus reference antigen MFI. Net MFI lt 1 is set to 1,and net MFI > 22,000 is set to 22,000.Data are excluded if blood draw date was outside the allowable window,a participant was HIV-infected,reference antigen > 5,000 MFI or baseline net MFI > 6,500.Samples from post-enrollment visits have positive responses if they meet three criteria:(1) net MFI greater than or equal to an antigen-specific response threshold (defined as the maximum of 100 and the 95th percentile of baseline net MFI),(2) net MFI values are greater than 3 times baseline net MFI, and (3) experimental antigen MFI values are greater than 3 times baseline MFI.
Measured: Measured at Month 6.5
Number of Participants With Occurrence of Vaccine-induced IgG3 Binding Antibodies to HIV Proteins at Month 6.5
Serum IgG3 responses were measured on a Bio-Plex instrument using a standardized custom Luminex assay,run at 1:40 dilution.The readout is background-subtracted mean fluorescent intensity(MFI), with background adjustment for an antigen-specific plate level control.For each sample, response magnitude is net MFI,defined as experimental antigen MFI minus reference antigen MFI.Net MFI lt 1 is set to 1, and net MFI > 22,000 is set to 22,000.Data are excluded if blood draw date was outside the allowable window,a participant was HIV-infected,reference antigen > 5,000 MFI or baseline net MFI > 6,500.Samples from post-enrollment visits have positive responses if they meet three criteria:(1) net MFI greater than or equal to an antigen-specific response threshold (defined as the maximum of 100 and the 95th percentile of baseline net MFI), (2) net MFI values are greater than 3 times baseline net MFI, and (3) experimental antigen MFI values are greater than 3 times baseline M
Measured: Measured at Month 6.5
Number of Participants With Occurrence of Vaccine-induced IgA Binding Antibodies to HIV Proteins at Month 6.5
Serum IgA responses were measured on a Bio-Plex instrument using a standardized custom Luminex assay,run at 1:10 dilution.The readout is background-subtracted mean fluorescent intensity (MFI),with background adjustment for an antigen-specific plate level control.For each sample,response magnitude is net MFI,defined as experimental antigen MFI minus reference antigen MFI.Net MFI lt 1 is set to 1, and net MFI > 22,000 is set to 22,000.Data are excluded if blood draw date was outside the allowable window,a participant was HIV-infected,reference antigen > 5,000 MFI or baseline net MFI > 6,500.Samples from post-enrollment visits have positive responses if they meet three criteria:(1) net MFI greater than or equal to an antigen-specific response threshold (defined as the maximum of 100 and the 95th percentile of baseline net MFI),(2) net MFI values are greater than 3 times baseline net MFI, and (3) experimental antigen MFI values are greater than 3 times baseline MFI.
Measured: Measured at Month 6.5
Level of Vaccine-induced IgG Binding Antibodies to HIV Proteins at Month 6.5
Serum IgG responses were measured on a Bio-Plex instrument using a standardized custom Luminex assay, run at 1:50 and 1:100 dilutions. The readout is background-subtracted mean fluorescent intensity (MFI), with background adjustment for an antigen-specific plate level control. For each sample, response magnitude is net MFI, defined as experimental antigen MFI minus reference antigen MFI. Net MFI lt 1 is set to 1, and net MFI > 22,000 is set to 22,000. Data are excluded if blood draw date was outside the allowable window, a participant was HIV-infected, reference antigen > 5,000 MFI or baseline net MFI > 6,500. Summary was calculated among positive responders only. The immune response data were also studied for their ability to predict HIV-1 infection through Month 24 (correlates of risk analysis). The comprehensive analysis results are available in Moodie et al 2022 (PubMed ID: 35758878).
Measured: Measured at Month 6.5
Level of Vaccine-induced IgG3 Binding Antibodies to HIV Proteins at Month 6.5
Serum IgG3 responses were measured on a Bio-Plex instrument using a standardized custom Luminex assay, run at 1:40 dilution. The readout is background-subtracted mean fluorescent intensity (MFI), with background adjustment for an antigen-specific plate level control. For each sample, response magnitude is net MFI, defined as experimental antigen MFI minus reference antigen MFI. Net MFI lt 1 is set to 1, and net MFI > 22,000 is set to 22,000. Data are excluded if blood draw date was outside the allowable window, a participant was HIV-infected, reference antigen > 5,000 MFI or baseline net MFI > 6,500. Summary was calculated among positive responders only. The immune response data were also studied for their ability to predict HIV-1 infection through Month 24 (correlates of risk analysis). The comprehensive analysis results are available in Moodie et al 2022 (PubMed ID: 35758878).
Measured: Measured at Month 6.5
Level of Vaccine-induced IgA Binding Antibodies to HIV Proteins at Month 6.5
Serum IgA responses were measured on a Bio-Plex instrument using a standardized custom Luminex assay, run at 1:10 dilution. The readout is background-subtracted mean fluorescent intensity (MFI), with background adjustment for an antigen-specific plate level control. For each sample, response magnitude is net MFI, defined as experimental antigen MFI minus reference antigen MFI. Net MFI lt 1 is set to 1, and net MFI > 22,000 is set to 22,000. Data are excluded if blood draw date was outside the allowable window, a participant was HIV-infected, reference antigen > 5,000 MFI or baseline net MFI > 6,500. Summary was calculated among positive responders only. The immune response data were also studied for their ability to predict HIV-1 infection through Month 24 (correlates of risk analysis). The comprehensive analysis results are available in Moodie et al 2022 (PubMed ID: 35758878).
Measured: Measured at Month 6.5
Incidence Rate of HIV-1 Infection Diagnosed After Enrollment Through 24 Months Among Female Participants
Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 minus the hazard ratio for HIV-1 infection, which was estimated using a Cox proportional-hazards (Cox PH) model and tested using a log-rank test.
Measured: Measured through 24 months after first vaccination
Incidence Rate of HIV-1 Infection Diagnosed After Enrollment Through 24 Months Among Male Participants
Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 minus the hazard ratio for HIV-1 infection, which was estimated using a Cox proportional-hazards (Cox PH) model and tested using a log-rank test.
Measured: Measured through 24 months after first vaccination
Incidence Rate of HIV-1 Infection Diagnosed After Enrollment Through 24 Months Among Female Participants Aged 25 or Younger
Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 minus the hazard ratio for HIV-1 infection, which was estimated using a Cox proportional-hazards (Cox PH) model and tested using a log-rank test.
Measured: Measured through 24 months after first vaccination
Incidence Rate of HIV-1 Infection Diagnosed After Enrollment Through 24 Months Among Female Participants Older Than 25
Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 minus the hazard ratio for HIV-1 infection, which was estimated using a Cox proportional-hazards (Cox PH) model and tested using a log-rank test.
Measured: Measured through 24 months after first vaccination
Incidence Rate of HIV-1 Infection Diagnosed After Enrollment Through Month 24 by Genotypic Characteristics of Viral Sequences From HIV-1 Infected Participants at HIV-1 Diagnosis, Such As Signature Site Mutations
Analysis will only be performed if significant positive evidence of vaccine efficacy from enrollment through 24 months is seen. However, monitoring boundaries for non-efficacy have been met per the 23 January 2020 DSMB finding.
Measured: Measured through 24 months after first vaccination
Number of Participants With Viral Sequences at HIV-1 Diagnosis
Number of participants in the female mITT cohort with viral sequences were reported. Viral sequencing was conducted on the earliest available plasma specimens with positive HIV-1 RNA PCR tests from study participants who are diagnosed with HIV-1 infection.
Measured: Measured through 24 months after first vaccination
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Nov 2016 (estimated)
- Study start26 Oct 2016
- Primary completion16 Nov 2021
- Study completion16 Nov 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for HIV InfectionsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)The sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2/3
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 5,404 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Sponsor type
- US National Institutes of Health
- Collaborators
- Sanofi, GlaxoSmithKline, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Glenda Gray, MD, Study chair, Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02968849
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HVTN 702
- Acronym
- HVTN702
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 1 Nov 2016
- Last updated
- 4 May 2026
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Gray GE, Bekker LG, Laher F, Malahleha M, Allen M, Moodie Z, Grunenberg N, Huang Y, Grove D, Prigmore B, Kee JJ, Benkeser D, Hural J, Innes C, Lazarus E, Meintjes G, Naicker N, Kalonji D, Nchabeleng M, Sebe M, Singh N, Kotze P, Kassim S, Dubula T, Naicker V, Brumskine W, Ncayiya CN, Ward AM, Garrett N, Kistnasami G, Gaffoor Z, Selepe P, Makhoba PB, Mathebula MP, Mda P, Adonis T, Mapetla KS, Modibedi B, Philip T, Kobane G, Bentley C, Ramirez S, Takuva S, Jones M, Sikhosana M, Atujuna M, Andrasik M, Hejazi NS, Puren A, Wiesner L, Phogat S, Diaz Granados C, Koutsoukos M, Van Der Meeren O, Barnett SW, Kanesa-Thasan N, Kublin JG, McElrath MJ, Gilbert PB, Janes H, Corey L; HVTN 702 Study Team. Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent Subtype C gp120-MF59 in Adults. N Engl J Med. 2021 Mar 25;384(12):1089-1100. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2031499.
PubMed 33761206Moodie Z, Dintwe O, Sawant S, Grove D, Huang Y, Janes H, Heptinstall J, Omar FL, Cohen K, De Rosa SC, Zhang L, Yates NL, Sarzotti-Kelsoe M, Seaton KE, Laher F, Bekker LG, Malahleha M, Innes C, Kassim S, Naicker N, Govender V, Sebe M, Singh N, Kotze P, Lazarus E, Nchabeleng M, Ward AM, Brumskine W, Dubula T, Randhawa AK, Grunenberg N, Hural J, Kee JJ, Benkeser D, Jin Y, Carpp LN, Allen M, D'Souza P, Tartaglia J, DiazGranados CA, Koutsoukos M, Gilbert PB, Kublin JG, Corey L, Andersen-Nissen E, Gray GE, Tomaras GD, McElrath MJ. Analysis of the HIV Vaccine Trials Network 702 Phase 2b-3 HIV-1 Vaccine Trial in South Africa Assessing RV144 Antibody and T-Cell Correlates of HIV-1 Acquisition Risk. J Infect Dis. 2022 Aug 24;226(2):246-257. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac260.
PubMed 35758878Shin E, Bhat AG, Ramanathan M. Large Language Models for Clinical Trial Protocol Assessments. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2026 Feb;119(2):393-402. doi: 10.1002/cpt.70096. Epub 2025 Oct 21.
PubMed 41121745Moodie Z, Li SS, Giorgi EE, Williams LD, Dintwe O, Carpp LN, Chen S, Seaton KE, Sawant SS, Zhang L, Heptinstall J, Liu S, Grunenberg N, Tomaka F, Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Ake JA, Vasan S, Pantaleo G, Frank I, Baden LR, Goepfert PA, Keefer M, Chirenje M, Hosseinipour MC, Mngadi K, Laher F, Garrett N, Bekker LG, De Rosa S, Andersen-Nissen E, Kublin JG, Lu S, Gilbert PB, Gray GE, Corey L, McElrath MJ, Tomaras GD. A polyvalent DNA prime with matched polyvalent protein/GLA-SE boost regimen elicited the most robust and broad IgG and IgG3 V1V2 binding antibody and CD4+ T cell responses among 13 HIV vaccine trials. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2025 Dec;14(1):2485317. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2025.2485317. Epub 2025 Apr 7.
PubMed 40190112Chihana R, Jin Kee J, Moodie Z, Huang Y, Janes H, Dadabhai S, Roxby AC, Allen M, Kassim S, Naicker V, Innes C, Naicker N, Dubula T, Grunenberg N, Malahleha M, Kublin JG, Bekker LG, Gray G, Kumwenda J, Laher F. Factors associated with reactogenicity to an investigational HIV vaccine regimen in HIV vaccine trials network 702. Vaccine. 2024 Aug 13;42(20):125991. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.039. Epub 2024 May 21.
PubMed 38772835Laher F, Malahleha M, Ramirez S, Brumskine W, Otwombe K, Moodie Z, Allen M. Data quality in an HIV vaccine efficacy clinical trial in South Africa: through natural disasters and with discipline. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2023 Jun 24;23(1):147. doi: 10.1186/s12874-023-01967-9.
PubMed 37355583Hanass-Hancock J, Carpenter B, Reddy T, Nzuza A, Gaffoor Z, Goga A, Andrasik M. Participants' characteristics and motivations to screen for HIV vaccine and monoclonal antibody trials in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Trials. 2021 Dec 11;22(1):897. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05792-7.
PubMed 34895272