Myocardial Infarction, AcuteNCT03022266
A Behavioral Economics-Based Telehealth Intervention to Improve Post-MI Medication Adherence
A study testing Financial Incentive and Mobile Phone App in people with Myocardial Infarction, Acute and Myocardial Infarction, run by Wellth Inc. at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The proposed study is a pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT). Participants in the intervention arm will participate in a 90-day adherence promotion program based on the theory of behavioral economics and administered through the Wellth mobile phone application. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 21 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Myocardial Infarction, Acute, Myocardial Infarction
- What is being tested?
- Financial Incentive and Mobile Phone App
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 130 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 1 Feb 2017to 14 Nov 2018
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 21 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Over 21 years of age
- Admitted to one of the University of Pennsylvania hospitals for acute myocardial infarction (ICD-10 codes I21.xx) or unstable angina (ICD 10 codes I20.xxx)
- Prescribed once-per-day aspirin at discharge
- The patient administers his or her own medications
- Own a smartphone with a sufficient data plan or home Wi-Fi to enable app use and avoid overage charges
- Able to speak and understand English
Who cannot join
- Diagnosis of MI following non-cardiac admission
- Discharge to any facility other than the patient's home
- Cognitive impairment that limits ability to understand and complete questionnaires
- Inability to operate a mobile phone and the Wellth app
- Physician-estimated life expectancy less than 6 months
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
About this study
The proposed study is a pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT). Participants in the intervention arm will participate in a 90-day adherence promotion program based on the theory of behavioral economics and administered through the Wellth mobile phone application. Subjects will be provided a CleverCap® Lite BLE C035 smart pill bottle (electronic monitoring (EM), device) containing a 90-day supply of aspirin (90 pills) and those in the intervention arm will be offered $150 for app-based medication check-ins, which consist of uploading daily photos of pills at the time of administration through the Wellth app. Subjects will have $2 deducted from total rewards for each day that a medication check-in is missed. Subjects in the control arm will receive usual care and be monitored with the same EM device types used in the intervention arm.
Read the detailed description
Medication adherence is a quantifiable parameter detailing when and how consistently doses are taken. Elements of medication adherence include: 1) the proportion of prescribed drug taken or %PDT (primary outcome); 2) the proportion of days with the correct number of doses taken; 3) the proportion of doses taken on time, in relation to a prescription-defined time interval between successive doses; 4) the distribution of inter-dose intervals; 5) the number of drug holidays; and 6) the longest interval between two doses [Vrijens et al. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012;73(5):691-705]. Medication adherence will be assessed in all participants using EM technology manufactured by CleverCaps®. Electronic Monitoring (EM) is more sensitive, reliable and valid than other measurement techniques such as pill counts, self-reports, or clinical judgment [Vrijens et al. Expert review of clinical pharmacology. 2014;7(5):633-644]. In this study the investigators will monitor a single drug, aspirin, in MI patients prescribed aspirin on hospital discharge.
In addition to measurement of medication adherence using an EM device, the investigators will measure adherence using the Wellth cell phone app in the intervention arm. Participants in the intervention arm will also be asked to track their medication-taking habits by uploading photos of their medications at the appropriate dosage times using the Wellth app.
Readmissions will be measured using the EMR and by interview to capture events outside the Penn system. Events will be classified according to timing (e.g. 30-day readmission) and cause (e.g. cardiac, all-cause). This study is not designed to detect a statistically significant difference in readmissions.
- Being tested
- Financial Incentive and Mobile Phone App
- Keywords
- Adherence, CleverCap® Lite BLE C035, Smartphone App, Telehealth, Digital Health, Mobile Phone App, Behavioral Economics, Aspirin, Wellth App
- Medical subject headings
- Myocardial Infarction
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Financial Incentive and Mobile Phone AppBehavioural
Also called Smartphone App, Wellth App, Adherence, Mobile Phone App
Subjects receiving the Financial Incentive and Mobile Phone App will each participate in a 90-day adherence promotion program. When users first log in to the app, the screen will display an incentive of $150 that participants have earned by enrolling in the program. Participants will be told that each missed medication check-in will result in a $2 deduction from the account before it is paid out. Each $50 portion (minus any penalties) of the $150 incentive will be paid out in 30-day installments by remotely crediting a previously distributed debit card. Adherence will be measured simultaneously by app photos and CleverCap(R) electronic monitoring (EM) devices filled with a 90-day supply of aspirin. Claims data will be analyzed for a 90 day period to account for any hospital admissions.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Arm | Experimental | Participants receiving the Financial Incentive and Mobile Phone App will be given an smartphone app offering pill reminders and $50/month financial incentives for three months to upload photos of medication each day for 90 days. Medication adherence will be measured via a CleverCap(R) electronic monitoring pillbox. Receives: Behavioral: Financial Incentive and Mobile Phone App |
| Usual Care Control Arm | No intervention | Participants in the usual care control arm will receive the usual education about medications provided by hospital staff. Medication adherence will be measured via a CleverCap(R) electronic monitoring pillbox. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Medication Adherence
Better medication adherence at 90 days as Percentage of Doses Taken (%PDT) using CleverCap(R) electronic monitoring devices
Measured: 90 Days
Secondary outcomes (4)
30-Day All-cause Readmissions
Average rates of hospital readmissions within 30 days assessed by medical record review and patient interviews
Measured: 30 Days
90-Day All-cause Readmissions
Average rates of hospital readmissions within 90 days assessed by medical record review and patient interviews
Measured: 90 Days
Medication adherence assessed using patient smartphone photos
% PDT will not differ between the app and electronic monitoring measurement approaches
Measured: 90 Days
Self-reported self-care
Self-care of coronary heart disease inventory
Measured: 90 Days
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted16 Jan 2017 (estimated)
- Study start1 Feb 2017
- Primary completion16 Aug 2018
- Study completion14 Nov 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (14)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Myocardial Infarction, AcuteStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator
- Enrolment
- 130 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Wellth Inc.
- Sponsor type
- Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Collaborators
- University of Pennsylvania
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Barbara J Riegel, PhD, RN, Principal investigator, University of Pennsylvania
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03022266
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- W000001
- Status last verified
- May 2019
- First submitted
- 12 Jan 2017
- Last updated
- 9 May 2019
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Ho PM, Bryson CL, Rumsfeld JS. Medication adherence: its importance in cardiovascular outcomes. Circulation. 2009 Jun 16;119(23):3028-35. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.768986.
PubMed 19528344Zhang Y, Kaplan CM, Baik SH, Chang CC, Lave JR. Medication adherence and readmission after myocardial infarction in the Medicare population. Am J Manag Care. 2014;20(11):e498-505.
PubMed 25651604Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, de Ferranti S, Despres JP, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Willey JZ, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015 Jan 27;131(4):e29-322. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000152. Epub 2014 Dec 17. No abstract available.
PubMed 25520374Choudhry NK, Avorn J, Glynn RJ, Antman EM, Schneeweiss S, Toscano M, Reisman L, Fernandes J, Spettell C, Lee JL, Levin R, Brennan T, Shrank WH; Post-Myocardial Infarction Free Rx Event and Economic Evaluation (MI FREEE) Trial. Full coverage for preventive medications after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2011 Dec 1;365(22):2088-97. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1107913. Epub 2011 Nov 14.
PubMed 22080794Jackevicius CA, Li P, Tu JV. Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of primary nonadherence after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2008 Feb 26;117(8):1028-36. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.706820.
PubMed 18299512Ho PM, Spertus JA, Masoudi FA, Reid KJ, Peterson ED, Magid DJ, Krumholz HM, Rumsfeld JS. Impact of medication therapy discontinuation on mortality after myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Sep 25;166(17):1842-7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.17.1842.
PubMed 17000940Choudhry NK, Avorn J, Antman EM, Schneeweiss S, Shrank WH. Should patients receive secondary prevention medications for free after a myocardial infarction? An economic analysis. Health Aff (Millwood). 2007 Jan-Feb;26(1):186-94. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.26.1.186.
PubMed 17211028Granger BB, Bosworth HB. Medication adherence: emerging use of technology. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2011 Jul;26(4):279-87. doi: 10.1097/HCO.0b013e328347c150.
PubMed 21597368Volpp KG, Loewenstein G, Troxel AB, Doshi J, Price M, Laskin M, Kimmel SE. A test of financial incentives to improve warfarin adherence. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008 Dec 23;8:272. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-8-272.
PubMed 19102784Kimmel SE, Troxel AB, Loewenstein G, Brensinger CM, Jaskowiak J, Doshi JA, Laskin M, Volpp K. Randomized trial of lottery-based incentives to improve warfarin adherence. Am Heart J. 2012 Aug;164(2):268-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2012.05.005.
PubMed 22877814Chaudhry SI, Mattera JA, Curtis JP, Spertus JA, Herrin J, Lin Z, Phillips CO, Hodshon BV, Cooper LS, Krumholz HM. Telemonitoring in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 9;363(24):2301-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1010029. Epub 2010 Nov 16.
PubMed 21080835Riegel B, Jaarsma T, Stromberg A. A middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness. ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 2012 Jul-Sep;35(3):194-204. doi: 10.1097/ANS.0b013e318261b1ba.
PubMed 22739426Galloway GP, Coyle JR, Guillen JE, Flower K, Mendelson JE. A simple, novel method for assessing medication adherence: capsule photographs taken with cellular telephones. J Addict Med. 2011 Sep;5(3):170-4. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0b013e3181fcb5fd.
PubMed 21844832Patel MS, Asch DA, Volpp KG. Framing Financial Incentives to Increase Physical Activity Among Overweight and Obese Adults. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Oct 18;165(8):600. doi: 10.7326/L16-0280. No abstract available.
PubMed 27750316
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 9 May 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Behavioral Economics-Based Telehealth Intervention to Improve Post-MI Medication Adherence
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03022266
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- W000001
- Keywords
- Adherence, CleverCap® Lite BLE C035, Smartphone App, Telehealth, Digital Health, Mobile Phone App, Behavioral Economics, Aspirin
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 130 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Wellth Inc.Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Collaborators
- University of Pennsylvania
- Study start
- 1 Feb 2017 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 16 Aug 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- 14 Nov 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 16 Jan 2017 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The proposed study is a pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT). Participants in the intervention arm will participate in a 90-day adherence promotion program based on the theory of behavioral economics and administered through the Wellth mobile phone application. Subjects will be provided a CleverCap® Lite BLE C035 smart pill bottle (electronic monitoring (EM), device) containing a 90-day supply of aspirin (90 pills) and those in the intervention arm will be offered $150 for app-based medication check-ins, which consist of uploading daily photos of pills at the time of administration through the Wellth app. Subjects will have $2 deducted from total rewards for each day that a medication check-in is missed. Subjects in the control arm will receive usual care and be monitored with the same EM device types used in the intervention arm.
Detailed description
Medication adherence is a quantifiable parameter detailing when and how consistently doses are taken. Elements of medication adherence include: 1) the proportion of prescribed drug taken or %PDT (primary outcome); 2) the proportion of days with the correct number of doses taken; 3) the proportion of doses taken on time, in relation to a prescription-defined time interval between successive doses; 4) the distribution of inter-dose intervals; 5) the number of drug holidays; and 6) the longest interval between two doses [Vrijens et al. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012;73(5):691-705]. Medication adherence will be assessed in all participants using EM technology manufactured by CleverCaps®. Electronic Monitoring (EM) is more sensitive, reliable and valid than other measurement techniques such as pill counts, self-reports, or clinical judgment [Vrijens et al. Expert review of clinical pharmacology. 2014;7(5):633-644]. In this study the investigators will monitor a single drug, aspirin, in MI patients prescribed aspirin on hospital discharge.
In addition to measurement of medication adherence using an EM device, the investigators will measure adherence using the Wellth cell phone app in the intervention arm. Participants in the intervention arm will also be asked to track their medication-taking habits by uploading photos of their medications at the appropriate dosage times using the Wellth app.
Readmissions will be measured using the EMR and by interview to capture events outside the Penn system. Events will be classified according to timing (e.g. 30-day readmission) and cause (e.g. cardiac, all-cause). This study is not designed to detect a statistically significant difference in readmissions.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Arm | Experimental | Behavioral: Financial Incentive and Mobile Phone AppParticipants receiving the Financial Incentive and Mobile Phone App will be given an smartphone app offering pill reminders and $50/month financial incentives for three months to upload photos of medication each day for 90 days. Medication adherence will be measured via a CleverCap(R) electronic monitoring pillbox. |
| Usual Care Control Arm | No intervention | –Participants in the usual care control arm will receive the usual education about medications provided by hospital staff. Medication adherence will be measured via a CleverCap(R) electronic monitoring pillbox. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 21 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Over 21 years of age
- Admitted to one of the University of Pennsylvania hospitals for acute myocardial infarction (ICD-10 codes I21.xx) or unstable angina (ICD 10 codes I20.xxx)
- Prescribed once-per-day aspirin at discharge
- The patient administers his or her own medications
- Own a smartphone with a sufficient data plan or home Wi-Fi to enable app use and avoid overage charges
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Diagnosis of MI following non-cardiac admission
- Discharge to any facility other than the patient's home
- Cognitive impairment that limits ability to understand and complete questionnaires
- Inability to operate a mobile phone and the Wellth app
- Physician-estimated life expectancy less than 6 months
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Financial Incentive and Mobile Phone AppAlso: Smartphone App, Wellth App, Adherence, Mobile Phone AppSubjects receiving the Financial Incentive and Mobile Phone App will each participate in a 90-day adherence promotion program. When users first log in to the app, the screen will display an incentive of $150 that participants have earned by enrolling in the program. Participants will be told that each missed medication check-in will result in a $2 deduction from the account before it is paid out. Each $50 portion (minus any penalties) of the $150 incentive will be paid out in 30-day installments by remotely crediting a previously distributed debit card. Adherence will be measured simultaneously by app photos and CleverCap(R) electronic monitoring (EM) devices filled with a 90-day supply of aspirin. Claims data will be analyzed for a 90 day period to account for any hospital admissions. | Behavioural | Intervention Arm |
Primary outcome
Medication Adherence
Time frame: 90 Days
Better medication adherence at 90 days as Percentage of Doses Taken (%PDT) using CleverCap(R) electronic monitoring devices
4 secondary outcomes
30-Day All-cause Readmissions
Time frame: 30 Days
90-Day All-cause Readmissions
Time frame: 90 Days
Medication adherence assessed using patient smartphone photos
Time frame: 90 Days
Self-reported self-care
Time frame: 90 Days
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 9 May 2019.
- Background: PubMed 19528344Ho PM, Bryson CL, Rumsfeld JS. Medication adherence: its importance in cardiovascular outcomes. Circulation. 2009 Jun 16;119(23):3028-35. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.768986.
- Background: PubMed 25651604Zhang Y, Kaplan CM, Baik SH, Chang CC, Lave JR. Medication adherence and readmission after myocardial infarction in the Medicare population. Am J Manag Care. 2014;20(11):e498-505.
- Background: PubMed 25520374Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, de Ferranti S, Despres JP, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Willey JZ, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015 Jan 27;131(4):e29-322. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000152. Epub 2014 Dec 17. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 22080794Choudhry NK, Avorn J, Glynn RJ, Antman EM, Schneeweiss S, Toscano M, Reisman L, Fernandes J, Spettell C, Lee JL, Levin R, Brennan T, Shrank WH; Post-Myocardial Infarction Free Rx Event and Economic Evaluation (MI FREEE) Trial. Full coverage for preventive medications after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2011 Dec 1;365(22):2088-97. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1107913. Epub 2011 Nov 14.
- Background: PubMed 18299512Jackevicius CA, Li P, Tu JV. Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of primary nonadherence after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2008 Feb 26;117(8):1028-36. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.706820.
- Background: PubMed 17000940Ho PM, Spertus JA, Masoudi FA, Reid KJ, Peterson ED, Magid DJ, Krumholz HM, Rumsfeld JS. Impact of medication therapy discontinuation on mortality after myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Sep 25;166(17):1842-7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.17.1842.
- Background: PubMed 17211028Choudhry NK, Avorn J, Antman EM, Schneeweiss S, Shrank WH. Should patients receive secondary prevention medications for free after a myocardial infarction? An economic analysis. Health Aff (Millwood). 2007 Jan-Feb;26(1):186-94. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.26.1.186.
- Background: PubMed 21597368Granger BB, Bosworth HB. Medication adherence: emerging use of technology. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2011 Jul;26(4):279-87. doi: 10.1097/HCO.0b013e328347c150.
- Background: PubMed 19102784Volpp KG, Loewenstein G, Troxel AB, Doshi J, Price M, Laskin M, Kimmel SE. A test of financial incentives to improve warfarin adherence. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008 Dec 23;8:272. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-8-272.
- Background: PubMed 22877814Kimmel SE, Troxel AB, Loewenstein G, Brensinger CM, Jaskowiak J, Doshi JA, Laskin M, Volpp K. Randomized trial of lottery-based incentives to improve warfarin adherence. Am Heart J. 2012 Aug;164(2):268-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2012.05.005.
- Background: PubMed 21080835Chaudhry SI, Mattera JA, Curtis JP, Spertus JA, Herrin J, Lin Z, Phillips CO, Hodshon BV, Cooper LS, Krumholz HM. Telemonitoring in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 9;363(24):2301-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1010029. Epub 2010 Nov 16.
- Background: PubMed 22739426Riegel B, Jaarsma T, Stromberg A. A middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness. ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 2012 Jul-Sep;35(3):194-204. doi: 10.1097/ANS.0b013e318261b1ba.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Barbara J Riegel, PhD, RN principal investigator
University of Pennsylvania
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Financial Incentive and Mobile Phone App in people with Myocardial Infarction, Acute and Myocardial Infarction, run by Wellth Inc. at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 May 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Medication Adherence (time frame: 90 Days). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03022266, which also lists 14 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 May 2019.