Chronic PainNCT03022643
Social & Behavioral Rhythms in Chronic Pain
A study testing Interpersonal Social Rhythms Psychotherapy and Bright Light Device in people with Chronic Pain, run by University of Utah at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Behavioral and biological rhythms are essential for health. No study evaluated behavioral rhythm or rhythm regulation in chronic pain and how this impacts functioning. The objective of this study is to gather preliminary data, focusing on the role of behavioral rhythms in the cardinal clinical symptoms of chronic pain… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Chronic Pain
- What is being tested?
- Interpersonal Social Rhythms Psychotherapy and Bright Light Device
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 62 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Nov 2016to Jun 2017
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- All participants (patients and controls):
- 18-65 years of age with
- reading/writing proficiency in English.
- Aim 1:
- Patients must:
- have had persistent pain for more than 1-year at a consistent body part or diffuse body pain (e.g., fibromyalgia) that is stable rather than progressive in nature
Show all 22Show fewer
- report experiencing pain for more than 70% of the waking hours in any given week
- under current medical care by a physician for a pain diagnosis
- able remain stable on any of their medication (as prescribed) for the duration of the 8-day evaluation involved in Aim 1
- Control subjects must:
- be pain-free for the past 1-year
- no prior treatment for a chronic pain condition
- in overall good health
- Aim 2:
- Patients must:
- have current symptoms of insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), ISI>8)
- have depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9>10)
- exhibit significant circadian activity rhythm dysregulation during the 8-day evaluation (defined as Amplitude<0.9)
- Control subjects must:
- be pain-free for the past 1-year
- no prior treatment for a chronic pain condition
- in overall good health
Who cannot join
- Aim 1:
- patients/controls who underwent surgery in the last 6-months
- shift workers
- dementia
- current drug abuse/dependence
- receiving treatment in methadone clinic
Show all 33Show fewer
- current cardiac conditions
- untreated sleep apnea
- untreated restless legs syndrome
- neurodegenerative disease
- bipolar disorder
- psychosis
- suicidal ideation
- have changed time-zones in the last 7 days
- experienced a significant life change in the last month (e.g., death in the family, loss of job, traumatic event)
- Aim 2:
- patients/controls who underwent surgery in the last 6-months
- shift workers
- dementia
- current drug abuse/dependence
- receiving treatment in methadone clinic
- current cardiac conditions
- untreated sleep apnea
- untreated restless legs syndrome
- neurodegenerative disease
- bipolar disorder
- psychosis
- suicidal ideation
- have changed time-zones in the last 7 days
- experienced a significant life change in the last month (e.g., death in the family, loss of job, traumatic event)
- receiving psychotherapy
- significant photophobia
- chronic migraines
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Behavioral and biological rhythms are essential for health. No study evaluated behavioral rhythm or rhythm regulation in chronic pain and how this impacts functioning. The objective of this study is to gather preliminary data, focusing on the role of behavioral rhythms in the cardinal clinical symptoms of chronic pain (i.e., sleep, fatigue, and mood). Additionally, this study will provide preliminary data for the feasibility and acceptability of the therapeutic approach aiming to strengthen behavioral rhythms for patients with chronic pain.
Read the detailed description
The overall goal of this study is to gather preliminary data, focusing on behavioral rhythms in patients with chronic pain as well as the relationship between behavioral rhythms and the pain-related clinical symptoms. Additionally, this study will provide preliminary data for the feasibility, acceptability, and treatment effects of repurposing interpersonal social rhythm therapy (IPSRT) along with light therapy for patients with chronic pain exhibiting significant rhythm dysregulation, sleep disturbances, and mood symptoms. The deliverables at the end of this project will include 1) preliminary evidence concerning the prevalence of behavioral rhythm disturbances in patients with chronic pain; 2) the association between such behavioral rhythm disruptions and the symptom cluster of pain-sleep-fatigue-mood; 3) feasibility and acceptability of a prototype IPSRT repurposed for chronic pain patients along with bright light therapy. The specific aims of this proposed study are as follows:
Aim 1: To evaluate regularity of social and behavioral rhythms (SBR), disruption of circadian activity rhythms (CAR), and the relationship of SBR and CAR with clinical symptoms of pain-sleep-fatigue-mood in chronic pain patients compared to healthy control.
Hypothesis 1: Patients with chronic pain will show high degrees of SBR and CAR disruption compared to controls.
Hypothesis 2: Patients with increasingly dysregulated SBR and attenuated CAR will exhibit worse clinical symptoms.
Hypothesis 3: SBR will be associated with CAR in patients with chronic pain and in controls.
Aim 2: To assess feasibility and acceptance of interpersonal social rhythm therapy repurposed for chronic pain patient population along with bright light therapy provided to patients exhibiting SBR disruption with significant sleep and mood symptoms.
Hypothesis 1: The IPSRT will be well tolerated and accepted by the patients
Hypothesis 2: Descriptive data will suggest improvement of SBR, CAR, and the pain-related symptoms and functioning.
- Conditions
- Chronic Pain
- Being tested
- Interpersonal Social Rhythms Psychotherapy, Bright Light Device
- Medical subject headings
- Chronic Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Interpersonal Social Rhythms PsychotherapyBehavioural
The treatment involves 8-weeks of individual psychotherapy. Weekly sessions will be 60-minute long and will take place at the Pain Research Center. The treatment focuses on 1) the link between life events, pain severity, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and mood, 2) social and behavioral rhythms and sleep-wake disturbances, 3) identification and management of rhythm dysregulation and the triggers for it, 4) allowing and facilitating the mourning of the loss healthy self, 5) identification and appropriate management of symptoms.
Bright Light DeviceOther
Also called Re-Timer
All patients will be provided with a bright light device (Re-Timer) and will be instructed to use it in the first 2-hours of the day (for a minimum of 30 minutes) throughout the 8-week treatment period.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Patients | No intervention | 40 Pain Patients will be screened for social and behavioral rhythms with no treatment involved. All patients will be evaluated an Actigraph by Philips for 8-days to assess sleep and activity. |
| Controls | No intervention | 40 Controls will be screened for social and behavioral rhythms with no treatment involved. All Controls will be evaluated an Actigraph by Philips for 8-days to assess sleep and activity. |
| Treatment | Experimental | 10 patients from the original 40 will receive Interpersonal Social Rhythms Psychotherapy and Bright Light Device therapy to improve social and behavioral rhythms. Receives: Behavioral: Interpersonal Social Rhythms Psychotherapy; Other: Bright Light Device |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Activity Rhythms - Actigraphy Assessment
Collected continuously for 8 days at baseline
Measured: Baseline
Change in Activity Rhythms - Actigraphy Assessment
Collected continuously for 8 days at baseline, at Pre-treatment for those receiving the therapy (within 2 weeks of Baseline assessment) as well as at mid point of therapy (4-weeks) and post therapy (8-weeks)
Measured: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Secondary outcomes (11)
Insomnia Severity index
Collected at baseline (prior the 8-day assessment), at Pre-treatment for those receiving the therapy (within 2 weeks of Baseline assessment) as well as at mid point of therapy (4-weeks) and post therapy (8-weeks)
Measured: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)
Collected at baseline (prior the 8-day assessment), at Pre-treatment for those receiving the therapy (within 2 weeks of Baseline assessment) as well as at mid point of therapy (4-weeks) and post therapy (8-weeks)
Measured: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Social Rhythms Metric
Collected continuously at baseline (during the 8-day assessment), at Pre-treatment for those receiving the therapy (within 2 weeks of Baseline assessment) as well as at mid point of therapy (4-weeks) and post therapy (8-weeks)
Measured: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Sleep Disturbances: Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) Short-Form Measures for Sleep disturbance
Collected at baseline (prior the 8-day assessment), at Pre-treatment for those receiving the therapy (within 2 weeks of Baseline assessment) as well as at mid point of therapy (4-weeks) and post therapy (8-weeks)
Measured: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Sleep-Related Impairment: Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) Short-Form Measures for sleep related impairment
Collected at baseline (prior the 8-day assessment), at Pre-treatment for those receiving the therapy (within 2 weeks of Baseline assessment) as well as at mid point of therapy (4-weeks) and post therapy (8-weeks)
Measured: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Fatigue: Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) Short-Form Measures for Fatigue
Collected at baseline (prior the 8-day assessment), at Pre-treatment for those receiving the therapy (within 2 weeks of Baseline assessment) as well as at mid point of therapy (4-weeks) and post therapy (8-weeks)
Measured: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Depression: Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) Short-Form Measures for Depression
Collected at baseline (prior the 8-day assessment), at Pre-treatment for those receiving the therapy (within 2 weeks of Baseline assessment) as well as at mid point of therapy (4-weeks) and post therapy (8-weeks)
Measured: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Anxiety: Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) Short-Form Measures for Anxiety
Collected at baseline (prior the 8-day assessment), at Pre-treatment for those receiving the therapy (within 2 weeks of Baseline assessment) as well as at mid point of therapy (4-weeks) and post therapy (8-weeks)
Measured: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Pain Behavior: Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) Short-Form Measures for Pain behavior
Collected at baseline (prior the 8-day assessment), at Pre-treatment for those receiving the therapy (within 2 weeks of Baseline assessment) as well as at mid point of therapy (4-weeks) and post therapy (8-weeks)
Measured: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Pain Interference: Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) Short-Form Measures for pain interference
Collected at baseline (prior the 8-day assessment), at Pre-treatment for those receiving the therapy (within 2 weeks of Baseline assessment) as well as at mid point of therapy (4-weeks) and post therapy (8-weeks)
Measured: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Physical Functioning: Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) Short-Form Measures for physical functioning
Collected at baseline (prior the 8-day assessment), at Pre-treatment for those receiving the therapy (within 2 weeks of Baseline assessment) as well as at mid point of therapy (4-weeks) and post therapy (8-weeks)
Measured: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted16 Jan 2017 (estimated)
- Study startNov 2016
- Primary completionJun 2017
- Study completionJun 2017
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Chronic PainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of UtahThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Screening
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 62 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Utah
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ariel Neikrug, University of Utah
- Investigators
- Ariel B Neikrug, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Utah
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03022643
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 094507
- Status last verified
- Mar 2019
- First submitted
- 18 Nov 2016
- Last updated
- 15 Mar 2019
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Mar 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Social & Behavioral Rhythms in Chronic Pain
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03022643
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 094507
- Conditions
- Chronic Pain
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 62 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of UtahUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Nov 2016 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Jun 2017 (actual)
- Study completion
- Jun 2017 (actual)
- First posted
- 16 Jan 2017 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Behavioral and biological rhythms are essential for health. No study evaluated behavioral rhythm or rhythm regulation in chronic pain and how this impacts functioning. The objective of this study is to gather preliminary data, focusing on the role of behavioral rhythms in the cardinal clinical symptoms of chronic pain (i.e., sleep, fatigue, and mood). Additionally, this study will provide preliminary data for the feasibility and acceptability of the therapeutic approach aiming to strengthen behavioral rhythms for patients with chronic pain.
Detailed description
The overall goal of this study is to gather preliminary data, focusing on behavioral rhythms in patients with chronic pain as well as the relationship between behavioral rhythms and the pain-related clinical symptoms. Additionally, this study will provide preliminary data for the feasibility, acceptability, and treatment effects of repurposing interpersonal social rhythm therapy (IPSRT) along with light therapy for patients with chronic pain exhibiting significant rhythm dysregulation, sleep disturbances, and mood symptoms. The deliverables at the end of this project will include 1) preliminary evidence concerning the prevalence of behavioral rhythm disturbances in patients with chronic pain; 2) the association between such behavioral rhythm disruptions and the symptom cluster of pain-sleep-fatigue-mood; 3) feasibility and acceptability of a prototype IPSRT repurposed for chronic pain patients along with bright light therapy. The specific aims of this proposed study are as follows:
Aim 1: To evaluate regularity of social and behavioral rhythms (SBR), disruption of circadian activity rhythms (CAR), and the relationship of SBR and CAR with clinical symptoms of pain-sleep-fatigue-mood in chronic pain patients compared to healthy control.
Hypothesis 1: Patients with chronic pain will show high degrees of SBR and CAR disruption compared to controls.
Hypothesis 2: Patients with increasingly dysregulated SBR and attenuated CAR will exhibit worse clinical symptoms.
Hypothesis 3: SBR will be associated with CAR in patients with chronic pain and in controls.
Aim 2: To assess feasibility and acceptance of interpersonal social rhythm therapy repurposed for chronic pain patient population along with bright light therapy provided to patients exhibiting SBR disruption with significant sleep and mood symptoms.
Hypothesis 1: The IPSRT will be well tolerated and accepted by the patients
Hypothesis 2: Descriptive data will suggest improvement of SBR, CAR, and the pain-related symptoms and functioning.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Screening
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Patients | No intervention | –40 Pain Patients will be screened for social and behavioral rhythms with no treatment involved. All patients will be evaluated an Actigraph by Philips for 8-days to assess sleep and activity. |
| Controls | No intervention | –40 Controls will be screened for social and behavioral rhythms with no treatment involved. All Controls will be evaluated an Actigraph by Philips for 8-days to assess sleep and activity. |
| Treatment | Experimental | Behavioral: Interpersonal Social Rhythms Psychotherapy, Other: Bright Light Device10 patients from the original 40 will receive Interpersonal Social Rhythms Psychotherapy and Bright Light Device therapy to improve social and behavioral rhythms. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (22 listed)
- 18-65 years of age with
- reading/writing proficiency in English.
- have had persistent pain for more than 1-year at a consistent body part or diffuse body pain (e.g., fibromyalgia) that is stable rather than progressive in nature
- report experiencing pain for more than 70% of the waking hours in any given week
- under current medical care by a physician for a pain diagnosis
Key exclusion criteria (33 listed)
- patients/controls who underwent surgery in the last 6-months
- shift workers
- dementia
- current drug abuse/dependence
- receiving treatment in methadone clinic
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Interpersonal Social Rhythms PsychotherapyThe treatment involves 8-weeks of individual psychotherapy. Weekly sessions will be 60-minute long and will take place at the Pain Research Center. The treatment focuses on 1) the link between life events, pain severity, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and mood, 2) social and behavioral rhythms and sleep-wake disturbances, 3) identification and management of rhythm dysregulation and the triggers for it, 4) allowing and facilitating the mourning of the loss healthy self, 5) identification and appropriate management of symptoms. | Behavioural | Treatment |
| Bright Light DeviceAlso: Re-TimerAll patients will be provided with a bright light device (Re-Timer) and will be instructed to use it in the first 2-hours of the day (for a minimum of 30 minutes) throughout the 8-week treatment period. | Other | Treatment |
Primary outcome
Activity Rhythms - Actigraphy Assessment
Time frame: Baseline
Collected continuously for 8 days at baseline
Change in Activity Rhythms - Actigraphy Assessment
Time frame: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Collected continuously for 8 days at baseline, at Pre-treatment for those receiving the therapy (within 2 weeks of Baseline assessment) as well as at mid point of therapy (4-weeks) and post therapy (8-weeks)
11 secondary outcomes
Insomnia Severity index
Time frame: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)
Time frame: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Social Rhythms Metric
Time frame: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Sleep Disturbances: Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) Short-Form Measures for Sleep disturbance
Time frame: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Sleep-Related Impairment: Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) Short-Form Measures for sleep related impairment
Time frame: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Fatigue: Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) Short-Form Measures for Fatigue
Time frame: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Depression: Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) Short-Form Measures for Depression
Time frame: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Anxiety: Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) Short-Form Measures for Anxiety
Time frame: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Pain Behavior: Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) Short-Form Measures for Pain behavior
Time frame: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Pain Interference: Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) Short-Form Measures for pain interference
Time frame: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Physical Functioning: Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) Short-Form Measures for physical functioning
Time frame: Baseline, Pre-treatment (within 2 weeks of Baseline Assessment), Mid-Therapy (4-weeks), Post-treatment (8-weeks)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Mar 2019.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ariel B Neikrug, PhD principal investigator
University of Utah
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Interpersonal Social Rhythms Psychotherapy and Bright Light Device in people with Chronic Pain, run by University of Utah at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 22 inclusion and 33 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Mar 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Activity Rhythms - Actigraphy Assessment (time frame: Baseline). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Mar 2019.