AddictionNCT03027687
Effects of Repetitive tDCS on ad Libitum Smoking Behavior: EMA and EEG Study
A study testing tDCS in people with Addiction, run by Erasmus Medical Center at 1 site in Netherlands.
Trial summary
Bilateral (left cathodal/ right anodal) transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) seems to reduce craving and to increase the time till smoking the first cigarette after the intervention. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Addiction
- What is being tested?
- tDCS
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 73 participants
- Where
- 1 siteNetherlands
- Study dates
- Oct 2016to Jul 2018
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Currently smoking 10 or more cigarettes a day
- The ability to speak, read, and write in Dutch at an eight-grade literacy level
Who cannot join
- The current abuse of a substance other than nicotine or caffeine
- History of neurological or psychiatric disorders
- Any contraindication for electrical brain stimulation procedures such as electronic implants or metal implants
- Pregnancy or breast-feeding
- In the process of quitting smoking
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of Repetitive tDCS on ad Libitum Smoking Behavior: An EMA and EEG Study
Bilateral (left cathodal/ right anodal) transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) seems to reduce craving and to increase the time till smoking the first cigarette after the intervention. The current study explores whether actual cigarette consumption decreases after repetitive tDCS. Cigarette consumption and craving will therefore be measured by means of EMA, before (at baseline), during and after multiple tDCS sessions, and at 3 months follow-up.
To study the working mechanism behind the effects of tDCS, electrophysiological responses (ERPs) and behavioral measures of cognitive control functioning will be taken into account at baseline, one day after the last tDCS session and at three months follow up.
We hypothesize that cigarette consumption will decrease after repetitive tDCS, and that this effect is associated with better cognitive control functioning.
Read the detailed description
The proposed experiment is a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. 60 smokers will be randomly assigned to two conditions, namely tDCS or sham (placebo).
Participants will receive real tDCS or sham for three days in one week. The interventions contain twice daily sessions for 13 minutes with an interval of 20 min. Moreover, on the first treatment day and the day after the treatment week, participants complete a number of questionnaires, and perform two psychological tasks (a gambling task and the Go/NoGo task) to measure cognitive control functioning (e.g. risky decision making and inhibitory control respectively). During these tasks, event-related potentials will be recorded by means of EEG. After three months, participants are asked to return to fill out the same questionnaires and perform the same psychological tasks as before, to measure the lasting effect of tDCS. During this last session, event-related potentials will also be recorded. In addition, carbon monoxide levels will be measured on all days where subjects perform the tasks.
EMA:
For three weeks, starting the week before tDCS treatment, participants are asked to log every cigarette before they smoke one. During these weeks, participants complete EMA questionnaires on their mobile phone about cigarette consumption, craving, and affect that will take approximately 5 minutes. The EMA questionnaire will be presented four times daily on a quasi-random basis. Finally, during end-of-day assessments participants have the possibility to indicate any missed cigarettes. At three months follow-up, participants are asked to undergo the same EMA procedure for one more week, to study the lasting effects of tDCS.
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
tDCSDevice
Also called transcranial direct current stimulation
tDCS is an electrical brain stimulation method
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Real transcranial Direct Current Stimulation | Experimental | This group will receive bilateral tDCS (left cathodal/right anodal) over the DLPFC. The stimulation will take place two times daily for 13 minutes with a rest interval of 20 minutes for three days in one week. Receives: Device: tDCS |
| Sham tDCS | Sham comparator | The control group receives sham, for which the stimulator will be gradually turned off after 30 seconds. Receives: Device: tDCS |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Mean number of cigarettes a day at 3 months follow up
The mean number of cigarettes will be measured at three months follow-up by means of Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA). This means that participants are asked to report every cigarette they smoke at the moment they're about to smoke it with an app on their mobile phone. Participants do this during the week before the last EEG session at three months follow-up.The mean number will be calculated over this week
Measured: 3 months
Secondary outcomes (13)
Mean number of cigarettes a day one week after tDCS
The mean number of cigarettes will be measured at one week after the last tDCS session by means of Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA). This means that participants are asked to report every cigarette they smoke at the moment they're about to smoke it with an app on their mobile phone. Participants do this for one week starting from the last tDCS session. The mean number will be calculated over this week
Measured: 1 week
Craving at 3 months follow-up
Participants receive 4 prompts a day in the app on the smartphone to fill out questions about craving for 1 week starting the week before the last EEG session at three months follow-up
Measured: 3 months
Affect 3 months after tDCS
Participants receive 4 prompts a day in the app on the smartphone to fill out questions about affect for 1 week starting the week before the last EEG session at three months follow-up
Measured: 3 months
Craving one week after tDCS
Participants receive 4 prompts a day in the app on the smartphone to fill out questions about craving for 1 week starting the day after the last tDCS session
Measured: 1 week
Affect one week after tDCS
Participants receive 4 prompts a day in the app on the smartphone to fill out questions about affect for 1 week starting the day after the last tDCS session
Measured: 1 week
Behavioral responses of risk-taking
Measured with the two-choice gambling task: proportion of high-risk (higher values) choices
Measured: 3 times: at baseline, one day after all tDCS sessions, and at 3 months follow-up
Behavioral responses of inhibitory control
Measured by proportion correctly inhibited NoGo trials on the Go/NoGo task
Measured: 3 times: at baseline, one day after all tDCS sessions, and at 3 months follow-up
Feedback Related Negativity (FRN): Event Related potential (ERP) of reward processing
Measured with the two choice gambling task. After the choice (high/low risk) is made, participants receive feedback (either they lose or win). The Feedback Related Negativity (FRN) will be measured after feedback by means of EEG.
Measured: 3 times: at baseline, one day after all tDCS sessions, and at 3 months follow-up
Reward related P300: Event related potential (ERP) of reward processing
Measured with the two choice gambling task. After the choice (high/low risk) is made, participants receive feedback (either they lose or win). The reward related P300 will be measured 300-500 ms after feedback by means of EEG.
Measured: 3 times: at baseline, one day after all tDCS sessions, and at 3 months follow-up
N200: Event related potential (ERP) of inhibitory control
The N200 will be measured after NoGo trials in the Go/NoGo task
Measured: 3 times: at baseline, one day after all tDCS sessions, and at 3 months follow-up
P300: Event related potential (ERP) of inhibitory control
The P300 will be measured after NoGo trials in the Go/NoGo task
Measured: 3 times: at baseline, one day after all tDCS sessions, and at 3 months follow-up
Error related negativity: Event related potential (ERP) of error processing
Wrong responses to Go and NoGo trials in the Go/NoGo task will be used to assess the error related negativity (ERN)
Measured: 3 times: at baseline, one day after all tDCS sessions, and at 3 months follow-up
Course of cigarette consumption
Number of cigarettes (and craving) a day starting on the first tDCS day until one week after the last tDCS intervention
Measured: 2 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Jan 2017 (estimated)
- Study startOct 2016
- Primary completionMar 2018
- Study completionJul 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for AddictionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Erasmus Medical CenterThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 73 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Erasmus Medical Center
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ingmar Franken, Erasmus Medical Center
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03027687
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- NL58190.078.16
- Status last verified
- Nov 2018
- First submitted
- 5 Jan 2017
- Last updated
- 16 Nov 2018
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Verveer I, Remmerswaal D, van der Veen FM, Franken IHA. Long-term tDCS effects on neurophysiological measures of cognitive control in tobacco smokers. Biol Psychol. 2020 Oct;156:107962. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107962. Epub 2020 Sep 23.
PubMed 32979429Verveer I, Remmerswaal D, Jongerling J, van der Veen FM, Franken IHA. No effect of repetitive tDCS on daily smoking behaviour in light smokers: A placebo controlled EMA study. PLoS One. 2020 May 22;15(5):e0233414. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233414. eCollection 2020.
PubMed 32442205
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Nov 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Repetitive tDCS on ad Libitum Smoking Behavior: An EMA and EEG Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03027687
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- NL58190.078.16
- Conditions
- Addiction
- Keywords
- Smoking, EMA, ERPs, tDCS, Cigarette consumption, Inhibitory control, Reward processing, Tobacco addiction
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 73 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Erasmus Medical CenterUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Oct 2016 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Mar 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- Jul 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 23 Jan 2017 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Bilateral (left cathodal/ right anodal) transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) seems to reduce craving and to increase the time till smoking the first cigarette after the intervention. The current study explores whether actual cigarette consumption decreases after repetitive tDCS. Cigarette consumption and craving will therefore be measured by means of EMA, before (at baseline), during and after multiple tDCS sessions, and at 3 months follow-up.
To study the working mechanism behind the effects of tDCS, electrophysiological responses (ERPs) and behavioral measures of cognitive control functioning will be taken into account at baseline, one day after the last tDCS session and at three months follow up.
We hypothesize that cigarette consumption will decrease after repetitive tDCS, and that this effect is associated with better cognitive control functioning.
Detailed description
The proposed experiment is a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. 60 smokers will be randomly assigned to two conditions, namely tDCS or sham (placebo).
Participants will receive real tDCS or sham for three days in one week. The interventions contain twice daily sessions for 13 minutes with an interval of 20 min. Moreover, on the first treatment day and the day after the treatment week, participants complete a number of questionnaires, and perform two psychological tasks (a gambling task and the Go/NoGo task) to measure cognitive control functioning (e.g. risky decision making and inhibitory control respectively). During these tasks, event-related potentials will be recorded by means of EEG. After three months, participants are asked to return to fill out the same questionnaires and perform the same psychological tasks as before, to measure the lasting effect of tDCS. During this last session, event-related potentials will also be recorded. In addition, carbon monoxide levels will be measured on all days where subjects perform the tasks.
EMA:
For three weeks, starting the week before tDCS treatment, participants are asked to log every cigarette before they smoke one. During these weeks, participants complete EMA questionnaires on their mobile phone about cigarette consumption, craving, and affect that will take approximately 5 minutes. The EMA questionnaire will be presented four times daily on a quasi-random basis. Finally, during end-of-day assessments participants have the possibility to indicate any missed cigarettes. At three months follow-up, participants are asked to undergo the same EMA procedure for one more week, to study the lasting effects of tDCS.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Real transcranial Direct Current Stimulation | Experimental | Device: tDCSThis group will receive bilateral tDCS (left cathodal/right anodal) over the DLPFC. The stimulation will take place two times daily for 13 minutes with a rest interval of 20 minutes for three days in one week. |
| Sham tDCS | Sham comparator | Device: tDCSThe control group receives sham, for which the stimulator will be gradually turned off after 30 seconds. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Currently smoking 10 or more cigarettes a day
- The ability to speak, read, and write in Dutch at an eight-grade literacy level
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- The current abuse of a substance other than nicotine or caffeine
- History of neurological or psychiatric disorders
- Any contraindication for electrical brain stimulation procedures such as electronic implants or metal implants
- Pregnancy or breast-feeding
- In the process of quitting smoking
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| tDCSAlso: transcranial direct current stimulationtDCS is an electrical brain stimulation method | Device | Real transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Sham tDCS |
Primary outcome
Mean number of cigarettes a day at 3 months follow up
Time frame: 3 months
The mean number of cigarettes will be measured at three months follow-up by means of Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA). This means that participants are asked to report every cigarette they smoke at the moment they're about to smoke it with an app on their mobile phone. Participants do this during the week before the last EEG session at three months follow-up.The mean number will be calculated over this week
13 secondary outcomes
Mean number of cigarettes a day one week after tDCS
Time frame: 1 week
Craving at 3 months follow-up
Time frame: 3 months
Affect 3 months after tDCS
Time frame: 3 months
Craving one week after tDCS
Time frame: 1 week
Affect one week after tDCS
Time frame: 1 week
Behavioral responses of risk-taking
Time frame: 3 times: at baseline, one day after all tDCS sessions, and at 3 months follow-up
Behavioral responses of inhibitory control
Time frame: 3 times: at baseline, one day after all tDCS sessions, and at 3 months follow-up
Feedback Related Negativity (FRN): Event Related potential (ERP) of reward processing
Time frame: 3 times: at baseline, one day after all tDCS sessions, and at 3 months follow-up
Reward related P300: Event related potential (ERP) of reward processing
Time frame: 3 times: at baseline, one day after all tDCS sessions, and at 3 months follow-up
N200: Event related potential (ERP) of inhibitory control
Time frame: 3 times: at baseline, one day after all tDCS sessions, and at 3 months follow-up
P300: Event related potential (ERP) of inhibitory control
Time frame: 3 times: at baseline, one day after all tDCS sessions, and at 3 months follow-up
Error related negativity: Event related potential (ERP) of error processing
Time frame: 3 times: at baseline, one day after all tDCS sessions, and at 3 months follow-up
Course of cigarette consumption
Time frame: 2 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Nov 2018.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 32979429Verveer I, Remmerswaal D, van der Veen FM, Franken IHA. Long-term tDCS effects on neurophysiological measures of cognitive control in tobacco smokers. Biol Psychol. 2020 Oct;156:107962. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107962. Epub 2020 Sep 23.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 32442205Verveer I, Remmerswaal D, Jongerling J, van der Veen FM, Franken IHA. No effect of repetitive tDCS on daily smoking behaviour in light smokers: A placebo controlled EMA study. PLoS One. 2020 May 22;15(5):e0233414. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233414. eCollection 2020.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Addiction
Not yet recruiting
Prescribe to Prevent HIV: A Hybrid Trial Helping Addiction Clinics Prevent HIV & Infections Through Safer Drug Use Support
People Who Use Opioids/People With Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)
Not yet recruiting
Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Gambling Disorder
Gambling Disorder, Gambling Addiction
Not yet recruiting
Compulsive Eating and Brain's Reward System in Different Pathologies
PARKINSON DISEASE (Disorder), Bipolar 1 Disorder
Recruiting
The Trans-Led Care Study
Substance Abuse, Substance Addiction
Enrolling by invitationObservational study
Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA)
Normal Physiology, Alcohol Use Disorder
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing tDCS in people with Addiction, run by Erasmus Medical Center at 1 site in Netherlands.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Nov 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Netherlands. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Mean number of cigarettes a day at 3 months follow up (time frame: 3 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03027687, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Nov 2018.