HealthyNCT03033953
Effects of Native Whey or Milk Supplementation on Adaptations to 12 Weeks of Strength Training in Young and Elderly
A study testing Native whey, Milk and Strength training in people with Healthy and Young, run by Norwegian School of Sport Sciences at 1 site in Norway.
Trial summary
The aim of this study is to investigate the long term adaptations to 11 (elderly) or 12 (young) weeks of strength training when supplemented with native whey or milk. The investigators hypothesize that native whey will give greater increases in muscle hypertrophy and strength than milk. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- What is being tested?
- Native whey, Milk and Strength training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 66 participants
- Where
- 1 siteNorway
- Study dates
- Aug 2014to Nov 2016
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Healthy in the sense that they can conduct training and testing
- Able to understand Norwegian language written and oral
- Between 20 and 45, or above 70 years of age
Who cannot join
- Diseases or injuries contraindicating participation
- Use of dietary supplements (e.g. proteins, vitamins and creatine)
- Lactose intolerance
- Allergy to milk
- Allergy towards local anesthetics (xylocain)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of Native Whey and Milk Supplementation on Changes in Muscle Mass and Strength After 12 Weeks of Strength Training in Young and Elderly
The aim of this study is to investigate the long term adaptations to 11 (elderly) or 12 (young) weeks of strength training when supplemented with native whey or milk. The investigators hypothesize that native whey will give greater increases in muscle hypertrophy and strength than milk.
Read the detailed description
Increasing or maintaining muscle mass is of great importance for populations ranging from athletes to patients and elderly. Resistance exercise and protein ingestion are two of the most potent stimulators of muscle protein synthesis. Both the physical characteristic of proteins (e.g. different digestion rates of whey and casein) and the amino acid composition, affects the potential of a certain protein to stimulate muscle protein synthesis. Given its superior ability to rapidly increase blood leucine concentrations to high levels, whey is often considered the most potent protein source to stimulate muscle protein synthesis. Native whey protein is produced by filtration of unprocessed milk. Consequently, native whey has different characteristics than milk. Of special interest is the higher amounts of the highly anabolic amino acid leucine in native whey.
The higher levels of leucine can be of great interest for elderly individuals as some studies in elderly has shown an anabolic resistance to the effects of protein feeding and strength training. By increasing levels of leucine one might overcome this anabolic resistance in the elderly.
The aim of this double-blinded, randomized, partial cross-over study is to compare the changes in muscle hypertrophy and strength after a 11 (elderly) or 12 (young) week training intervention with daily supplementation of either 2x20g of native whey or milk proteins in young and elderly individuals. In order to explain potential differences between supplements an acute study investigating acute responses in blood amino acid concentrations and intracellular signalling is planned, in a subgroup of participants, before and after the training intervention.
The investigators hypothesize that native whey will induce greater muscle hypertrophy and strength gains than milk.
- Being tested
- Native whey, Milk, Strength training
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Native wheyDietary supplement
MilkDietary supplement
Strength trainingOther
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Milk supplementation | Placebo comparator | 11 (elderly) or 12 (young) weeks of strength training and daily supplementation of 2x20g milk protein. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Milk; Other: Strength training |
| Native whey | Experimental | 11 (elderly) or 12 (young) weeks of strength training and daily supplementation of 2x20g native whey protein. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Native whey; Other: Strength training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Lean mass
Measured by whole body dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Measured: Before the training intervention
Lean mass
Measured by whole body dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Measured: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Secondary outcomes (226)
Thigh muscle cross sectional area
Measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Measured: Before the training intervention
Thigh muscle cross sectional area
Measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Measured: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Pectoralis muscle cross sectional area
Measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Measured: Before the training intervention
Pectoralis muscle cross sectional area
Measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Measured: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Arm cross sectional area
Measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Measured: Before the training intervention
Arm cross sectional area
Measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Measured: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Thickness of the lateral vasti
Measured by ultrasound
Measured: Before the training intervention
Thickness of the lateral vasti
Measured by ultrasound
Measured: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
1 repetition maximum in leg press
Measured: Before the training intervention
1 repetition maximum in leg press
Measured: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
1 repetition maximum in bench press
Measured: Before the training intervention
1 repetition maximum in bench press
Measured: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Ratio of phosphorylated to total ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1(P70S6K) change from baseline
Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot
Measured: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Ratio of phosphorylated to total ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1(P70S6K) change from baseline
Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot
Measured: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) change from baseline
Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot
Measured: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) change from baseline
Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot
Measured: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP-1) change from baseline
Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot
Measured: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP-1) change from baseline
Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot
Measured: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Plasma amino acid concentration
Measured: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Plasma amino acid concentration
Measured: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Muscle force generating capacity change from baseline
Measured as unilateral isometric knee extension force (Nm) with 90° in the hip and knee joints.
Measured: 15 min before, 10 min, 2.5 hours and 24 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Muscle force generating capacity change from baseline
Measured as unilateral isometric knee extension force (Nm) with 90° in the hip and knee joints.
Measured: 15 min before, 10 min, 2.5 hours and 24 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Serum glucose
Measured: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Serum glucose
Measured: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Serum insulin
Measured: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Serum insulin
Measured: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Serum urea
Measured: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Serum urea
Measured: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Serum creatine kinase
Measured: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Serum creatine kinase
Measured: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Tumor necrosis factor alfa messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Tumor necrosis factor alfa mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Tumor necrosis factor alfa mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Tumor necrosis factor alfa mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 6 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 6 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 6 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 6 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 8 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 8 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 8 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 8 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 2 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 2 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 2 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 2 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 1b mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 1b mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 1b mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 1b mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 4 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 4 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 4 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 4 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 10 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 10 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 10 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 10 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 17D mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 17D mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 17D mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 17D mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma, Coactivator 1 Alpha mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma, Coactivator 1 Alpha mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma, Coactivator 1 Alpha mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma, Coactivator 1 Alpha mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 16 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 16 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 16 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 16 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 3 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 3 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 3 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 3 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Uncoupling Protein 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Uncoupling Protein 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Uncoupling Protein 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Uncoupling Protein 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen CD36 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen CD36 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen CD36 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen CD36 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Toll Like Receptor 2 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Toll Like Receptor 2 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Toll Like Receptor 2 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Toll Like Receptor 2 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 3 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 3 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 3 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 3 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 2 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 2 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 2 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 2 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 5 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 5 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 5 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 5 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 36 Member 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 36 Member 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 36 Member 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 36 Member 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 2 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 2 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 2 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 2 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Muscle-Specific RING Finger Protein 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Muscle-Specific RING Finger Protein 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Muscle-Specific RING Finger Protein 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Muscle-Specific RING Finger Protein 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Atrogin-1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Atrogin-1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Atrogin-1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Atrogin-1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Forkhead Box Protein O1A mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Forkhead Box Protein O1A mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Forkhead Box Protein O1A mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Forkhead Box Protein O1A mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Forkhead Box O3 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Forkhead Box O3 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Forkhead Box O3 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Forkhead Box O3 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myosin Heavy Chain 7 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myosin Heavy Chain 7 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myosin Heavy Chain 7 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myosin Heavy Chain 7 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myosin Heavy Chain 2 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myosin Heavy Chain 2 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myosin Heavy Chain 2 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myosin Heavy Chain 2 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myosin Heavy Chain 1mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Mast Cell Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Mast Cell Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Mast Cell Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Mast Cell Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Hepatocyte Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Hepatocyte Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Hepatocyte Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Hepatocyte Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myostatin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myostatin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myostatin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myostatin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Striated Muscle Activator Of Rho-Dependent Signaling mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Striated Muscle Activator Of Rho-Dependent Signaling mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Striated Muscle Activator Of Rho-Dependent Signaling mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Striated Muscle Activator Of Rho-Dependent Signaling mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
JunB Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
JunB Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
JunB Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
JunB Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Actin, Alpha 1, Skeletal Muscle mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Actin, Alpha 1, Skeletal Muscle mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Actin, Alpha 1, Skeletal Muscle mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Actin, Alpha 1, Skeletal Muscle mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Colony Stimulating Factor 3 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Colony Stimulating Factor 3 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Colony Stimulating Factor 3 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Colony Stimulating Factor 3 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
TATA-Box Binding Protein mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
TATA-Box Binding Protein mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
TATA-Box Binding Protein mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
TATA-Box Binding Protein mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Filamin B mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Filamin B mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Filamin B mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Filamin B mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Beta-2-Microglobulin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Beta-2-Microglobulin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Beta-2-Microglobulin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Beta-2-Microglobulin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
Measured: 30 min after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Fasting cholesterol (only in elderly)
Measured: Before training intervention
Fasting cholesterol (only in elderly)
Measured: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Fasting triglycerides (only in elderly)
Measured: Before training intervention
Fasting triglycerides (only in elderly)
Measured: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Fasting LDL (only in elderly)
Measured: Before training intervention
Fasting LDL (only in elderly)
Measured: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Fasting HDL (only in elderly)
Measured: Before training intervention
Fasting HDL (only in elderly)
Measured: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Jan 2017 (estimated)
- Study startAug 2014
- Primary completionJun 2015
- Study completionNov 2016
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for HealthyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 66 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Tine, The Research Council of Norway
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Truls Raastad, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03033953
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Tine 12wk
- Status last verified
- Jan 2017
- First submitted
- 19 Jan 2017
- Last updated
- 27 Jan 2017
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 27 Jan 2017. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Native Whey and Milk Supplementation on Changes in Muscle Mass and Strength After 12 Weeks of Strength Training in Young and Elderly
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03033953
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Tine 12wk
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 66 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Norwegian School of Sport SciencesUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Tine, The Research Council of Norway
- Study start
- Aug 2014
- Primary completion
- Jun 2015 (actual)
- Study completion
- Nov 2016 (actual)
- First posted
- 27 Jan 2017 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study is to investigate the long term adaptations to 11 (elderly) or 12 (young) weeks of strength training when supplemented with native whey or milk. The investigators hypothesize that native whey will give greater increases in muscle hypertrophy and strength than milk.
Detailed description
Increasing or maintaining muscle mass is of great importance for populations ranging from athletes to patients and elderly. Resistance exercise and protein ingestion are two of the most potent stimulators of muscle protein synthesis. Both the physical characteristic of proteins (e.g. different digestion rates of whey and casein) and the amino acid composition, affects the potential of a certain protein to stimulate muscle protein synthesis. Given its superior ability to rapidly increase blood leucine concentrations to high levels, whey is often considered the most potent protein source to stimulate muscle protein synthesis. Native whey protein is produced by filtration of unprocessed milk. Consequently, native whey has different characteristics than milk. Of special interest is the higher amounts of the highly anabolic amino acid leucine in native whey.
The higher levels of leucine can be of great interest for elderly individuals as some studies in elderly has shown an anabolic resistance to the effects of protein feeding and strength training. By increasing levels of leucine one might overcome this anabolic resistance in the elderly.
The aim of this double-blinded, randomized, partial cross-over study is to compare the changes in muscle hypertrophy and strength after a 11 (elderly) or 12 (young) week training intervention with daily supplementation of either 2x20g of native whey or milk proteins in young and elderly individuals. In order to explain potential differences between supplements an acute study investigating acute responses in blood amino acid concentrations and intracellular signalling is planned, in a subgroup of participants, before and after the training intervention.
The investigators hypothesize that native whey will induce greater muscle hypertrophy and strength gains than milk.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Milk supplementation | Placebo comparator | Dietary Supplement: Milk, Other: Strength training11 (elderly) or 12 (young) weeks of strength training and daily supplementation of 2x20g milk protein. |
| Native whey | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Native whey, Other: Strength training11 (elderly) or 12 (young) weeks of strength training and daily supplementation of 2x20g native whey protein. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Healthy in the sense that they can conduct training and testing
- Able to understand Norwegian language written and oral
- Between 20 and 45, or above 70 years of age
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Diseases or injuries contraindicating participation
- Use of dietary supplements (e.g. proteins, vitamins and creatine)
- Lactose intolerance
- Allergy to milk
- Allergy towards local anesthetics (xylocain)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Native whey | Dietary supplement | Native whey |
| Milk | Dietary supplement | Milk supplementation |
| Strength training | Other | Milk supplementation, Native whey |
Primary outcome
Lean mass
Time frame: Before the training intervention
Measured by whole body dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Lean mass
Time frame: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Measured by whole body dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
226 secondary outcomes
Thigh muscle cross sectional area
Time frame: Before the training intervention
Thigh muscle cross sectional area
Time frame: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Pectoralis muscle cross sectional area
Time frame: Before the training intervention
Pectoralis muscle cross sectional area
Time frame: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Arm cross sectional area
Time frame: Before the training intervention
Arm cross sectional area
Time frame: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Thickness of the lateral vasti
Time frame: Before the training intervention
Thickness of the lateral vasti
Time frame: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
1 repetition maximum in leg press
Time frame: Before the training intervention
1 repetition maximum in leg press
Time frame: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
1 repetition maximum in bench press
Time frame: Before the training intervention
1 repetition maximum in bench press
Time frame: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Ratio of phosphorylated to total ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1(P70S6K) change from baseline
Time frame: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Ratio of phosphorylated to total ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1(P70S6K) change from baseline
Time frame: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) change from baseline
Time frame: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) change from baseline
Time frame: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP-1) change from baseline
Time frame: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP-1) change from baseline
Time frame: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Plasma amino acid concentration
Time frame: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Plasma amino acid concentration
Time frame: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Muscle force generating capacity change from baseline
Time frame: 15 min before, 10 min, 2.5 hours and 24 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Muscle force generating capacity change from baseline
Time frame: 15 min before, 10 min, 2.5 hours and 24 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Serum glucose
Time frame: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Serum glucose
Time frame: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Serum insulin
Time frame: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Serum insulin
Time frame: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Serum urea
Time frame: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Serum urea
Time frame: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Serum creatine kinase
Time frame: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Serum creatine kinase
Time frame: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Tumor necrosis factor alfa messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)
Time frame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Tumor necrosis factor alfa mRNA
Time frame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Tumor necrosis factor alfa mRNA
Time frame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Tumor necrosis factor alfa mRNA
Time frame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 6 mRNA
Time frame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 6 mRNA
Time frame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 6 mRNA
Time frame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 6 mRNA
Time frame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 8 mRNA
Time frame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 8 mRNA
Time frame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 27 Jan 2017.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Native whey, Milk and Strength training in people with Healthy and Young, run by Norwegian School of Sport Sciences at 1 site in Norway.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Jan 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Norway. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Lean mass (time frame: Before the training intervention). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Jan 2017.