DepressionCAiCBTNCT03062215
Efficacy of a Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioural Internet-delivered Treatment for Depression
A study testing Space from Depression in people with Depression, run by Silver Cloud Health at 2 sites in Colombia.
Trial summary
The study seeks to evaluate the efficacy of a culturally adapted internet-delivered treatment for depression in Colombia. The research involves two studies: (a) the cultural adaptation of the Space from Depression cognitive-behavioural internet-delivered programme, and (b) the implementation of the culturally adapted… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Depression
- What is being tested?
- Space from Depression
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 127 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesColombia
- Study dates
- 2 Aug 2016to 1 Jun 2018
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- 18 years old and above
- Mild to moderately severe depressive symptoms: (PHQ-9 score 10-19)
Who cannot join
- Severe depressive symptoms >19 on PHQ-9
- Suicidal ideation or intent: Score of 2 or above on PHQ-9 question 9
- Psychosis
- Currently in psychological treatment for depression
- On medication for less than 1 month
- Alcohol or drugs misuse
- Previous diagnosis of an organic mental health disorder
- Depression preceding or coinciding a diagnosed medical condition
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
Colombia2 sites
University Los Andes
Bogotá
University of Bucaramanga
Bucaramanga
About this study
Official title: Assessing the Efficacy of a Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioural Internet-delivered Treatment for Depression: Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial
The study seeks to evaluate the efficacy of a culturally adapted internet-delivered treatment for depression in Colombia. The research involves two studies: (a) the cultural adaptation of the Space from Depression cognitive-behavioural internet-delivered programme, and (b) the implementation of the culturally adapted intervention using a randomised controlled trial methodology. The study will be a first contribution of a culturally adapted low-intensity internet-delivered intervention with Latin Americans.
Read the detailed description
Depression is the principal cause of disability in the world. High rates of prevalence of depression in general populations and college students have been found worldwide and in various cultural groups. For instance, a 12-month prevalence rate has been estimated in the U.S. at 9.5% and in Europe at 8.5% of the population. In Colombia, 12-month prevalence is between 6.2% and 12.1%. The Colombian National Mental Health Survey has estimated point prevalence of mild to moderate depressive symptoms at 15.6% and severe depressive symptoms at 4.2% of adults. On the other hand, there are significant barriers for accessing mental health services in Colombia. About 50% of the population does not have access to health services, while the majority of the population with mental health problems do not have adequate mental health insurance coverage.
Although low-intensity interventions for depression have been developed in western high-income countries and these interventions therefore have been influenced by their specific cultural context (for example, Ireland, UK, Australia), it is important to consider how cultural context may impact on the adaptation for use in LMICs such as Colombia. The authors argue that cultural aspects need to be taken into consideration when translating and adapting interventions to help guarantee similar results to what have been achieved in high-income countries.
General method Aims and Hypothesis: We aim to assess the efficacy of a culturally adapted cognitive behavioural internet-delivered treatment for college students with depressive symptoms in Colombia. In line with other studies in high-income countries (HICs), and using an already established intervention, we hypothesise that the culturally adapted Space from Depression programme will be efficacious, with significant changes within the treatment group and differences post-treatment between the active treatment and the waiting list control group.
The study is a mixed method approach utilising in study 1, quantitative and qualitative methods to assist in the cultural adaptation of the Space from Depression intervention and in study 2 a randomised control design to examine the efficacy of the culturally-adapted intervention.
Procedure The programme Space from Depression will be culturally adapted for a Colombian population using cultural sensitivity and ecological validity frameworks, including principles from cross-cultural assessment research. (Study 1). Once the programme is culturally adapted, it will be tested using a randomised controlled trial methodology (Study 2).
- Conditions
- Depression
- Being tested
- Space from Depression
- Keywords
- Culturally adapted psychotherapy, Internet-delivered treatment, Depression, Latin America
- Medical subject headings
- Depression
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Space from DepressionBehavioural
Also called Yo puedo sentirme bien
Space from Depression programme (Yo puedo sentirme Bien -Spanish version) consists of seven modules of cognitive-behavioural therapy. The treatment includes self-monitoring, behavioural activation, cognitive restructuring, and challenging core beliefs. All modules have the same structure and format, which consist of quizzes, videos, educational content, activities with homework suggestions and a module review page.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Space from depression | Experimental | SilverCloud Health is a leading provider of online therapeutic solutions to support and promote positive behavior change and mental wellness. SilverCloud delivers interventions depression. The treatment includes self-monitoring, behavioural activation, cognitive restructuring, and challenging core beliefs. All modules have the same structure and format, which consist of quizzes, videos, educational content, activities with homework suggestions and a module review page. Also, users have a supporter, who will give feedback asynchronously (D Richards et al., 2015). Research on the SilverCloud interventions has yielded significant clinical outcomes (D Richards et al., 2015). Receives: Behavioral: Space from Depression |
| Control Group | No intervention | Waiting list |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Patient Health Questionnaire -9
depression symptoms
Measured: 6 months
Secondary outcomes (1)
Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7
anxiety symptoms
Measured: 6 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Feb 2017
- Study start2 Aug 2016
- Primary completion1 Mar 2018
- Study completion1 Jun 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (20)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for DepressionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 127 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Silver Cloud Health
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Irish Research Council
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Derek Richards, PhD, Study director, University of Dublin, Trinity CollegeAlicia Salamanca, MSc, Principal investigator, University of Dublin, Trinity College
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03062215
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CAiCBT
- Acronym
- CAiCBT
- Status last verified
- Sep 2018
- First submitted
- 14 Feb 2017
- Last updated
- 10 Sep 2018
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Ayuso-Mateos JL, Vazquez-Barquero JL, Dowrick C, Lehtinen V, Dalgard OS, Casey P, Wilkinson C, Lasa L, Page H, Dunn G, Wilkinson G; ODIN Group. Depressive disorders in Europe: prevalence figures from the ODIN study. Br J Psychiatry. 2001 Oct;179:308-16. doi: 10.1192/bjp.179.4.308.
PubMed 11581110Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;62(6):617-27. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617.
PubMed 15939839Bromet E, Andrade LH, Hwang I, Sampson NA, Alonso J, de Girolamo G, de Graaf R, Demyttenaere K, Hu C, Iwata N, Karam AN, Kaur J, Kostyuchenko S, Lepine JP, Levinson D, Matschinger H, Mora ME, Browne MO, Posada-Villa J, Viana MC, Williams DR, Kessler RC. Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode. BMC Med. 2011 Jul 26;9:90. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-9-90.
PubMed 21791035Demyttenaere K, Bruffaerts R, Posada-Villa J, Gasquet I, Kovess V, Lepine JP, Angermeyer MC, Bernert S, de Girolamo G, Morosini P, Polidori G, Kikkawa T, Kawakami N, Ono Y, Takeshima T, Uda H, Karam EG, Fayyad JA, Karam AN, Mneimneh ZN, Medina-Mora ME, Borges G, Lara C, de Graaf R, Ormel J, Gureje O, Shen Y, Huang Y, Zhang M, Alonso J, Haro JM, Vilagut G, Bromet EJ, Gluzman S, Webb C, Kessler RC, Merikangas KR, Anthony JC, Von Korff MR, Wang PS, Brugha TS, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Lee S, Heeringa S, Pennell BE, Zaslavsky AM, Ustun TB, Chatterji S; WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium. Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. JAMA. 2004 Jun 2;291(21):2581-90. doi: 10.1001/jama.291.21.2581.
PubMed 15173149Bernal G, Saez-Santiago E. Culturally Centered Psychosocial Interventions. Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ). 2024 Oct;22(4):508-514. doi: 10.1176/appi.focus.24022022. Epub 2024 Oct 15.
PubMed 39563877Richards D, Timulak L, Hevey D. A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research. 2013;13(3):184-93.
Ministry of Health. National Mental Health survey. Bogota, Colombia: Ministry of Health; 2015. Report No.: 978-958-8903-19-4.
Rodriguez J. La atención de Salud Mental en América Latina y el caribe. Rev Psiquiatr Urug. 2007;71(2):117-24.
Merz EL, Malcarne VL, Roesch SC, Riley N, Sadler GR. A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 among English- and Spanish-speaking Latinas. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2011 Jul;17(3):309-316. doi: 10.1037/a0023883.
PubMed 21787063Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x.
PubMed 11556941Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB. Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study. Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. Patient Health Questionnaire. JAMA. 1999 Nov 10;282(18):1737-44. doi: 10.1001/jama.282.18.1737.
PubMed 10568646Gilbody S, Richards D, Brealey S, Hewitt C. Screening for depression in medical settings with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ): a diagnostic meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2007 Nov;22(11):1596-602. doi: 10.1007/s11606-007-0333-y. Epub 2007 Sep 14.
PubMed 17874169Richards D, Timulak L, O'Brien E, Hayes C, Vigano N, Sharry J, Doherty G. A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Behav Res Ther. 2015 Dec;75:20-31. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2015.10.005. Epub 2015 Oct 21.
PubMed 26523885Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Lowe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006 May 22;166(10):1092-7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092.
PubMed 16717171Garcia-Campayo J, Zamorano E, Ruiz MA, Pardo A, Perez-Paramo M, Lopez-Gomez V, Freire O, Rejas J. Cultural adaptation into Spanish of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale as a screening tool. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2010 Jan 20;8:8. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-8-8.
PubMed 20089179
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Sep 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Assessing the Efficacy of a Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioural Internet-delivered Treatment for Depression: Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03062215
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CAiCBT / CAiCBT
- Conditions
- Depression
- Keywords
- Culturally adapted psychotherapy, Internet-delivered treatment, Depression, Latin America
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 127 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Silver Cloud HealthUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Irish Research Council
- Study start
- 2 Aug 2016 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Mar 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Jun 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 23 Feb 2017 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The study seeks to evaluate the efficacy of a culturally adapted internet-delivered treatment for depression in Colombia. The research involves two studies: (a) the cultural adaptation of the Space from Depression cognitive-behavioural internet-delivered programme, and (b) the implementation of the culturally adapted intervention using a randomised controlled trial methodology. The study will be a first contribution of a culturally adapted low-intensity internet-delivered intervention with Latin Americans.
Detailed description
Depression is the principal cause of disability in the world. High rates of prevalence of depression in general populations and college students have been found worldwide and in various cultural groups. For instance, a 12-month prevalence rate has been estimated in the U.S. at 9.5% and in Europe at 8.5% of the population. In Colombia, 12-month prevalence is between 6.2% and 12.1%. The Colombian National Mental Health Survey has estimated point prevalence of mild to moderate depressive symptoms at 15.6% and severe depressive symptoms at 4.2% of adults. On the other hand, there are significant barriers for accessing mental health services in Colombia. About 50% of the population does not have access to health services, while the majority of the population with mental health problems do not have adequate mental health insurance coverage.
Although low-intensity interventions for depression have been developed in western high-income countries and these interventions therefore have been influenced by their specific cultural context (for example, Ireland, UK, Australia), it is important to consider how cultural context may impact on the adaptation for use in LMICs such as Colombia. The authors argue that cultural aspects need to be taken into consideration when translating and adapting interventions to help guarantee similar results to what have been achieved in high-income countries.
General method Aims and Hypothesis: We aim to assess the efficacy of a culturally adapted cognitive behavioural internet-delivered treatment for college students with depressive symptoms in Colombia. In line with other studies in high-income countries (HICs), and using an already established intervention, we hypothesise that the culturally adapted Space from Depression programme will be efficacious, with significant changes within the treatment group and differences post-treatment between the active treatment and the waiting list control group.
The study is a mixed method approach utilising in study 1, quantitative and qualitative methods to assist in the cultural adaptation of the Space from Depression intervention and in study 2 a randomised control design to examine the efficacy of the culturally-adapted intervention.
Procedure The programme Space from Depression will be culturally adapted for a Colombian population using cultural sensitivity and ecological validity frameworks, including principles from cross-cultural assessment research. (Study 1). Once the programme is culturally adapted, it will be tested using a randomised controlled trial methodology (Study 2).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Space from depression | Experimental | Behavioral: Space from DepressionSilverCloud Health is a leading provider of online therapeutic solutions to support and promote positive behavior change and mental wellness. SilverCloud delivers interventions depression. The treatment includes self-monitoring, behavioural activation, cognitive restructuring, and challenging core beliefs. All modules have the same structure and format, which consist of quizzes, videos, educational content, activities with homework suggestions and a module review page. Also, users have a supporter, who will give feedback asynchronously (D Richards et al., 2015). Research on the SilverCloud interventions has yielded significant clinical outcomes (D Richards et al., 2015). |
| Control Group | No intervention | –Waiting list |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- 18 years old and above
- Mild to moderately severe depressive symptoms: (PHQ-9 score 10-19)
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Severe depressive symptoms >19 on PHQ-9
- Suicidal ideation or intent: Score of 2 or above on PHQ-9 question 9
- Psychosis
- Currently in psychological treatment for depression
- On medication for less than 1 month
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Space from DepressionAlso: Yo puedo sentirme bienSpace from Depression programme (Yo puedo sentirme Bien -Spanish version) consists of seven modules of cognitive-behavioural therapy. The treatment includes self-monitoring, behavioural activation, cognitive restructuring, and challenging core beliefs. All modules have the same structure and format, which consist of quizzes, videos, educational content, activities with homework suggestions and a module review page. | Behavioural | Space from depression |
Primary outcome
Patient Health Questionnaire -9
Time frame: 6 months
depression symptoms
1 secondary outcome
Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7
Time frame: 6 months
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Sep 2018.
- Background: PubMed 11581110Ayuso-Mateos JL, Vazquez-Barquero JL, Dowrick C, Lehtinen V, Dalgard OS, Casey P, Wilkinson C, Lasa L, Page H, Dunn G, Wilkinson G; ODIN Group. Depressive disorders in Europe: prevalence figures from the ODIN study. Br J Psychiatry. 2001 Oct;179:308-16. doi: 10.1192/bjp.179.4.308.
- Background: PubMed 15939839Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;62(6):617-27. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617.
- Background: PubMed 21791035Bromet E, Andrade LH, Hwang I, Sampson NA, Alonso J, de Girolamo G, de Graaf R, Demyttenaere K, Hu C, Iwata N, Karam AN, Kaur J, Kostyuchenko S, Lepine JP, Levinson D, Matschinger H, Mora ME, Browne MO, Posada-Villa J, Viana MC, Williams DR, Kessler RC. Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode. BMC Med. 2011 Jul 26;9:90. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-9-90.
- Background: PubMed 15173149Demyttenaere K, Bruffaerts R, Posada-Villa J, Gasquet I, Kovess V, Lepine JP, Angermeyer MC, Bernert S, de Girolamo G, Morosini P, Polidori G, Kikkawa T, Kawakami N, Ono Y, Takeshima T, Uda H, Karam EG, Fayyad JA, Karam AN, Mneimneh ZN, Medina-Mora ME, Borges G, Lara C, de Graaf R, Ormel J, Gureje O, Shen Y, Huang Y, Zhang M, Alonso J, Haro JM, Vilagut G, Bromet EJ, Gluzman S, Webb C, Kessler RC, Merikangas KR, Anthony JC, Von Korff MR, Wang PS, Brugha TS, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Lee S, Heeringa S, Pennell BE, Zaslavsky AM, Ustun TB, Chatterji S; WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium. Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. JAMA. 2004 Jun 2;291(21):2581-90. doi: 10.1001/jama.291.21.2581.
- Background: PubMed 39563877Bernal G, Saez-Santiago E. Culturally Centered Psychosocial Interventions. Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ). 2024 Oct;22(4):508-514. doi: 10.1176/appi.focus.24022022. Epub 2024 Oct 15.
- BackgroundRichards D, Timulak L, Hevey D. A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research. 2013;13(3):184-93.
- BackgroundMinistry of Health. National Mental Health survey. Bogota, Colombia: Ministry of Health; 2015. Report No.: 978-958-8903-19-4.
- BackgroundRodriguez J. La atención de Salud Mental en América Latina y el caribe. Rev Psiquiatr Urug. 2007;71(2):117-24.
- Background: PubMed 21787063Merz EL, Malcarne VL, Roesch SC, Riley N, Sadler GR. A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 among English- and Spanish-speaking Latinas. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2011 Jul;17(3):309-316. doi: 10.1037/a0023883.
- Background: PubMed 11556941Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x.
- Background: PubMed 10568646Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB. Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study. Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. Patient Health Questionnaire. JAMA. 1999 Nov 10;282(18):1737-44. doi: 10.1001/jama.282.18.1737.
- Background: PubMed 17874169Gilbody S, Richards D, Brealey S, Hewitt C. Screening for depression in medical settings with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ): a diagnostic meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2007 Nov;22(11):1596-602. doi: 10.1007/s11606-007-0333-y. Epub 2007 Sep 14.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Derek Richards, PhD study director
University of Dublin, Trinity College
Alicia Salamanca, MSc principal investigator
University of Dublin, Trinity College
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Space from Depression in people with Depression, run by Silver Cloud Health at 2 sites in Colombia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Sep 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Colombia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Patient Health Questionnaire -9 (time frame: 6 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03062215, which also lists 20 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Sep 2018.