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Spinal Cord InjuriesNCT03069222

Longitudinal Assessment of Spinal Cord Structural Plasticity Using DTI in SCI Patients

An observational study of Spinal Cord Injuries, run by Kessler Foundation at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

This study will apply novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to investigation of spinal cord injury (SCI) to learn how nerve fibers repair and neural cells regain ability to control muscle during the rehabilitation. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 75 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Spinal Cord Injuries
What is being tested?
Standard Rehabilitative Treatment
How many people
19 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
1 Apr 2016to 31 Mar 2020
Phase
Observational
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 75 years
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult, Older adult

Study population: Twelve (12) individuals with iSCI (within 3 weeks post injury) will be recruited from Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation (KIR). In addition, we will recruit twelve healthy age- and gender-matched controls. All participants will give informed consent. For the SCI group the following clinical evaluations will occur at baseline, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months by the study physician or clinician.

Who may be able to join

  • SCI due to single event traumatic injury; C4-T12 neurological level of injury, AIS grade B,C or D;
  • currently medically stable;
  • no history of seizure;
  • spasticity at a score of 2 or lower assessed using Modified Ashworth Assessment of the upper and lower extremities;
  • able to give informed consent;
  • to stay still in the MR scanner for ~30 min.

Who cannot join

  • MRI contraindications;
  • younger than 18 and older than 75 years (this age range will limit contributions from nervous system development and aging to results of the study);
  • history of epilepsy and other neurological diseases and trauma;
  • drug and alcohol abuse;
  • multi injury levels;
  • severe craniocerebral injury and
  • presence of non-MRI-safe post-operative hardware in the spine or brain.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site
  • Kessler Foundation

    West Orange, New Jersey, 07052

Other trials in United States

About this study

This study will apply novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to investigation of spinal cord injury (SCI) to learn how nerve fibers repair and neural cells regain ability to control muscle during the rehabilitation. The information gained will be helpful for physicians to make more accurate diagnosis of SCI, predict injury recovery and movement restoration, and develop more effective treatment plans.

Read the detailed description

Today, the International Standards for the Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNSCI) , which includes tests of motor and cutaneous sensory function, and Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) are the gold standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (SCI). These standard measures have very important applications in the rehabilitation of SCI as primary clinical and outcome measures. Despite the importance and usefulness of their applications, these standard measures have their limitations. For example, ISNSCI, intended to be a clinical classification system, is subjective and relatively insensitive to incremental neurophysiological and functional changes during both acute and chronic stages of recovery. Moreover, the ISNSCI cannot evaluate the spinal cord (SC) function bellow the neurological level. For some patients such as children and patients with concomitant brain injuries, reliable evaluation cannot be completed due to their limited cognitive engagement in the evaluation process. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed as a more objective tool to help clinicians make prognosis. However, recent study showed that conventional clinical MRI does not correlate well with scores measured with ISNSCI.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is an advanced MRI tool capable of probing white matter integrity information through measuring directional diffusion of water molecules, thus providing more microscopic details than conventional MRI. Recent findings suggest that DTI is a promising, non-invasive and objective tool for evaluating and monitoring structural changes within white matter axon pathways after SCI. Our preliminary data showed significant deviation of DTI indices from normative values of healthy subjects in a SCI patient whose conventional T2 scans appeared to be normal (see preliminary data section). A likely explanation for this observed alteration of DTI indices is degeneration and demyelization in descending axonal pathways. Although DTI has been used in animal models to measure the evolution of the injury in the SC and showed great promise in detection of pathological changes in SC, no longitudinal DTI data obtained from human SC are available to indicate sensitivity of DTI technique in detecting SCI progression or recovery. Is DTI capable of detecting structural changes taking place in the SC over the course of rehabilitation in individuals with SCI? Will these measured DTI parameters correlate with ISNSCI-based scores? The fundamental hypothesis of the current study is that rehabilitation can facilitate SC fiber tract repair along with spontaneous adaptations following the injury to help reconnect some of the injured nerve fibers with motoneurons controlling muscles and this will in turn improve the motoneuron activity to promote muscular function, and all these changes can be detected by the proposed longitudinal DTI protocols and standard clinical tools for motor function evaluation. The expected results gained by this longitudinal study would support the application of DTI in monitoring plastic changes in the injured SC and the DTI-derived measures could potentially aid clinicians make more objective diagnosis of the injury and estimate its progression, which are critical in planning targeted therapies. However, it is out of the scope of this proposal to distinguish contributions to structural changes occurring in the SC between spontaneous and treatment factors. Because it is unethical to not treat patients, this limitation cannot be overcome in the current human study. Given the primary focus of the study being longitudinal tracking of SC structural changes using neuroimaging rather than determining relative contributions to these changes by spontaneous recovery and treatment, the limitation should not significantly influence the quality of our study. To test the hypothesis, the investigators propose the following Specific Aims.

Aim 1: Track SC structural changes in patients with incomplete SCI (iSCI) using DTI. Each patient in the proposed study will be scanned covering entire cervical region of the SC using a DTI sequence at baseline, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 month and 6 month after start of standard rehabilitation intervention. DTI indices (see methods for details) will be quantified and compared across all time points. Previous longitudinal brain DTI human and animal studies suggest that DTI is sensitive to detect brain whiter matter structural changes 24 hours (animal study) and 3 months (unpublished human DTI results by PI's group) after brain injury, and 6 month after initial scan in patients with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) (DTI data were only available 6 months after initial scan in this study). The investigators hypothesize that the proposed DTI protocol will be able to capture structural changes in SCI during its recovery course.

Aim 2: Correlate the SC plasticity manifested by changes in DTI indices with clinical assessments of injury and sensorimotor function. Quantitative DTI indices will be correlated to clinical diagnoses of SCI and clinical evaluations of upper and lower limb sensorimotor function of the patients. It is hypothesized that the DTI index of SCI will significantly be correlated with clinical diagnosis and scores of upper and lower sensorimotor function. The DTI parameter holds great promise to be a biomarker of SCI and is expected to have prognostic value in predicting functional outcome of a rehabilitation program.

Being tested
Standard Rehabilitative Treatment
Keywords
diffusion tensor imaging
Medical subject headings
Spinal Cord Injuries

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Standard Rehabilitative TreatmentOther

    The patients will participate in standard but comprehensive SCI specific rehabilitation therapy provided by the SCI program at KIR. The therapy consists of 3 hours per day, 5 days a week. Motor function therapy includes standardized procedures for range of motion, passive and active muscle activities, and therapies to improve mobility. The treatment program for the enrolled patients will be standardized by Dr. Kirshblum, Director of the SCI program at KIR and a Co-Investigator of the study. Patients usually receive 4 weeks of rehabilitation treatment; however, if any of them are discharged earlier from KIR, their out-patient treatment activities will be monitored and the patients will be tested based on the planned schedule.

Study groups in NCT03069222
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
PatientSCI patients enrolled at Kessler Institute Rehabiliation
Receives: Other: Standard Rehabilitative Treatment
Controlage and gender matched with patient enrolled

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI)

    Neurological examination will be performed using the ISNCSCI. Sensory scores and lower and upper extremity motor scores (LEMS and UEMS) are derived at the time of this exam. The ISNCSCI and all examinations described below will be performed following the same schedule as the imaging (DTI, T2, T2*) evaluation (baseline, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after commencement of rehabilitation therapy). The LEMS measures strength in five muscle groups bilaterally (hip flexors, knee flexors, extensors, and ankle dorsiflexors) and the UEMS also assess strength bilaterally in 5 muscle groups (elbow flexors, elbow extensors, wrist extensors, finger flexors, finger abductors) with the modified British Medical Research Council scale and is performed during the ISNCSCI examination.

    Measured: changes within 6 months after participant enrolls.

  2. Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)

    Spasticity assessments will be performed at each visit using the MAS. It tests the resistance to passive movement about a joint with vary degrees of velocity. The scores range from 0 to 4, with 6 choices (0, 1, 1+, 2, 3, and 4). A score of 0 indicates no resistance, and 4 indicates rigidity. The MAS scores will be averaged across 5 muscle groups bilaterally for lower extremities and 5 muscle groups for upper extremities. An experienced therapist will perform all the evaluations for all the visits and all subjects.

    Measured: changes within 6 months after participant enrolls.

  3. Spinal Cord Independence measure III (SCIM III)

    The SCIM is a measure of functional ability developed specifically for individuals with SCI to evaluate their performance of activities of daily living and to make functional assessments of this population sensitive to change. SCIM scores a task higher in patients who accomplish it with less assistannce, aids, or medical compromise than other patients. The SCIM III to be adopted by the current study is composed of 19 items in 3 subscales: (a) self-care; (b) respiration and sphincter management; and (c) mobility. The total score ranges from 0 to 100. Mobility is subdivided into "room and toilet" and "indoors and outdoors". The items are weighted in terms of their assumed clinical relevance. The SCIM III is a valid and reliable measure and is recommended as a primary outcome measure to assess functional recovery in individuals with SCI.

    Measured: changes within 6 months after participant enrolls.

Secondary outcomes (1)
  1. Diffusion Tensor Image

    Being an advanced MRI tool, DTI provides excellent structural information on microscopic level such as remyelination which plays an important role in rehabilitation of SCI.

    Measured: before [baseline] and 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after commencement of rehabilitative treatment)

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted3 Mar 2017
  2. Study start1 Apr 2016
  3. Primary completion31 Mar 2020
  4. Study completion31 Mar 2020

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Observational
Observational model
Case-control
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrolment
19 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT03069222
Sponsor's protocol ID
Kessler
Status last verified
Sep 2020
First submitted
14 Feb 2017
Last updated
11 Sep 2020
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Kirshblum SC, Waring W, Biering-Sorensen F, Burns SP, Johansen M, Schmidt-Read M, Donovan W, Graves D, Jha A, Jones L, Mulcahey MJ, Krassioukov A. Reference for the 2011 revision of the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2011 Nov;34(6):547-54. doi: 10.1179/107902611X13186000420242.

    PubMed 22330109
  • Marino RJ, Graves DE. Metric properties of the ASIA motor score: subscales improve correlation with functional activities. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Nov;85(11):1804-10. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.04.026.

    PubMed 15520975
  • Mulcahey MJ, Samdani AF, Gaughan JP, Barakat N, Faro S, Shah P, Betz RR, Mohamed FB. Diagnostic accuracy of diffusion tensor imaging for pediatric cervical spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2013 Jul;51(7):532-7. doi: 10.1038/sc.2013.36. Epub 2013 Apr 23.

    PubMed 23608812
  • Chang Y, Jung TD, Yoo DS, Hyun JK. Diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tractography of patients with cervical spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma. 2010 Nov;27(11):2033-40. doi: 10.1089/neu.2009.1265.

    PubMed 20822462
  • Cheran S, Shanmuganathan K, Zhuo J, Mirvis SE, Aarabi B, Alexander MT, Gullapalli RP. Correlation of MR diffusion tensor imaging parameters with ASIA motor scores in hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic acute spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma. 2011 Sep;28(9):1881-92. doi: 10.1089/neu.2010.1741. Epub 2011 Aug 29.

    PubMed 21875333
  • Toma K, Matsuoka T, Immisch I, Mima T, Waldvogel D, Koshy B, Hanakawa T, Shill H, Hallett M. Generators of movement-related cortical potentials: fMRI-constrained EEG dipole source analysis. Neuroimage. 2002 Sep;17(1):161-73. doi: 10.1006/nimg.2002.1165.

    PubMed 12482074
  • Freund P, Curt A, Friston K, Thompson A. Tracking changes following spinal cord injury: insights from neuroimaging. Neuroscientist. 2013 Apr;19(2):116-28. doi: 10.1177/1073858412449192. Epub 2012 Jun 22.

    PubMed 22730072
  • Brennan FH, Cowin GJ, Kurniawan ND, Ruitenberg MJ. Longitudinal assessment of white matter pathology in the injured mouse spinal cord through ultra-high field (16.4 T) in vivo diffusion tensor imaging. Neuroimage. 2013 Nov 15;82:574-85. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.019. Epub 2013 Jun 14.

    PubMed 23770410
  • Keil C, Prell T, Peschel T, Hartung V, Dengler R, Grosskreutz J. Longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. BMC Neurosci. 2012 Nov 8;13:141. doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-141.

    PubMed 23134591
  • Mac Donald CL, Dikranian K, Song SK, Bayly PV, Holtzman DM, Brody DL. Detection of traumatic axonal injury with diffusion tensor imaging in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol. 2007 May;205(1):116-31. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.01.035. Epub 2007 Feb 12.

    PubMed 17368446
  • Koskinen E, Brander A, Hakulinen U, Luoto T, Helminen M, Ylinen A, Ohman J. Assessing the state of chronic spinal cord injury using diffusion tensor imaging. J Neurotrauma. 2013 Sep 15;30(18):1587-95. doi: 10.1089/neu.2013.2943. Epub 2013 Aug 9.

    PubMed 23758292
  • ASHWORTH B. PRELIMINARY TRIAL OF CARISOPRODOL IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. Practitioner. 1964 Apr;192:540-2. No abstract available.

    PubMed 14143329
  • Kirshblum S, Millis S, McKinley W, Tulsky D. Late neurologic recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Nov;85(11):1811-7. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.03.015.

    PubMed 15520976
  • Anderson K, Aito S, Atkins M, Biering-Sorensen F, Charlifue S, Curt A, Ditunno J, Glass C, Marino R, Marshall R, Mulcahey MJ, Post M, Savic G, Scivoletto G, Catz A; Functional Recovery Outcome Measures Work Group. Functional recovery measures for spinal cord injury: an evidence-based review for clinical practice and research. J Spinal Cord Med. 2008;31(2):133-44. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2008.11760704.

    PubMed 18581660
  • Catz A, Itzkovich M, Tesio L, Biering-Sorensen F, Weeks C, Laramee MT, Craven BC, Tonack M, Hitzig SL, Glaser E, Zeilig G, Aito S, Scivoletto G, Mecci M, Chadwick RJ, El Masry WS, Osman A, Glass CA, Silva P, Soni BM, Gardner BP, Savic G, Bergstrom EM, Bluvshtein V, Ronen J. A multicenter international study on the Spinal Cord Independence Measure, version III: Rasch psychometric validation. Spinal Cord. 2007 Apr;45(4):275-91. doi: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101960. Epub 2006 Aug 15.

    PubMed 16909143

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

An observational study of Spinal Cord Injuries, run by Kessler Foundation at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Sep 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) (time frame: changes within 6 months after participant enrolls.). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03069222, which also lists 16 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Sep 2020; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 5 Nov 2026.

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