Ulcerative Colitis in RemissionNCT03122613
Curcumin for Prevention of Relapse in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis
A study testing Curcumin in people with Ulcerative Colitis in Remission, run by Chinese University of Hong Kong at 1 site in Hong Kong.
Trial summary
UC is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder with relapsing and remitting course. The efficacy of mesalazine in preventing relapse in patients with UC is well-known and supported by randomized studies. However, mesalazine can be associated with side-effects. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Ulcerative Colitis in Remission
- What is being tested?
- Curcumin
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 29 participants
- Where
- 1 siteHong Kong
- Study dates
- 19 Jun 2017to 22 May 2020
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- in clinical remission for at least 1 month, defined as Mayo bowel frequency subscore ≤ 1 and Mayo rectal bleeding subscore = 0 (Table 2).
- a history of at least one flare with symptoms that required intervention within 24 months before screening
- age ≥ 18
- written informed consent obtained
Who cannot join
- receipt of immunosuppressive drugs or corticosteroids within 60 days of screening
- prior bowel surgery except appendectomy
- with severe relapse (Mayo score 9-12) in the last 3 months
- History or evidence of incompletely resected colonic mucosal dysplasia
- on regular curcumin supplements or intake of curry in diet for ≥5 days each week
- presence of infections (exclude simple infections such as influenza, etc.) or sepsis
Show all 9Show fewer
- pregnancy or lactating women
- with a Mayo endoscopic subscore ≥2 on sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy at baseline
- allergic to curry-related products
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Curcumin Versus Placebo for Prevention of Relapse in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis
UC is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder with relapsing and remitting course. The efficacy of mesalazine in preventing relapse in patients with UC is well-known and supported by randomized studies. However, mesalazine can be associated with side-effects. In addition, drug compliance is suboptimal, especially when disease is not active. Curcumin is a natural phytochemical derived from the Indian spice turmeric. It is widely used, has potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumour properties.
The aims of this double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial is to assess the efficacy of curcumin in the prevention of relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).
Read the detailed description
UC is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder with relapsing and remitting course. The incidence of UC in Hong Kong has increased by 30-fold in the past three decades. The efficacy of mesalazine in preventing relapse in patients with UC is well-known and supported by randomized studies. However, mesalazine can be associated with side-effects. In addition, drug compliance is suboptimal, especially when disease is not active. Without mesalazine, the risk of relapse in UC in one year is approximately 60-70%. Repeated flares are disabling for the patient, and lead to increased hospitalisations, anatomical extension of disease, and increased cancer risk. In Hong Kong, 90 percent of patients with UC have low to medium compliance to mesalazine, and 50 percent would prefer the use of a complementary or alternative therapy to maintain disease remission. Identification of a natural product that is effective, acceptable, inexpensive and non-toxic remains an unmet need in patients with UC.
Curcumin is a natural phytochemical derived from the Indian spice turmeric. It is widely used, has potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumour properties. Preclinical studies in experimental animals showed that curcumin is effective in preventing colitis. We reported in a randomized study that curcumin is effective in the induction of remission in patients with mild to moderately active UC. Although curcumin is popular amongst patients with inflammatory bowel disease, its efficacy in maintaining disease remission in UC is uncertain. We propose a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of curcumin in preventing clinical relapse in patients with UC. Patients will be randomised to 2 gram curcumin once daily or an equivalent placebo for 12 months. The primary outcome is the rate of clinical relapse at 12 months. Secondary outcomes include adverse events, endoscopic remission, fecal calprotectin levels and time to relapse.
Because the use of curcumin is already popular in Asia, this important clinical question will not be a priority of pharmaceutical companies. If proven, this industry-independent trial will be a landmark study that identifies an alternative effective treatment to maintain disease remission in patients with UC. Regardless of the outcome, it will inform clinical practice and provide invaluable data to international guideline committees on the management of this chronic inflammatory disease.
The aims of this double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial is to assess the efficacy of curcumin in the prevention of relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).
- Conditions
- Ulcerative Colitis in Remission
- Being tested
- Curcumin, Placebo
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
CurcuminDietary supplement
Also called Turmeric
3g of Curcumin per day
PlaceboDrug
Also called Curcumin placebo
3g of Curcumin Placebo per day
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Curcumin | Active comparator | Dietary supplements of Curcumin capsules Receives: Dietary Supplement: Curcumin |
| Curcumin Placebo | Placebo comparator | Identical looking placebo of the active arm Receives: Drug: Placebo |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
The relapse rate at 12 months
Defined as clinical symptoms (increased bowel frequency with a bowel frequency Mayo subscore ≥ 1 or rectal bleeding with a Mayo rectal bleeding subscore ≥ 1) together with endoscopic evidence of active disease (Mayo endoscopic subscore ≥ 2).
Measured: 1 year
Secondary outcomes (8)
Adverse events
The severity grading of AEs will be assessed as Grade 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 4.03 Grading Scale, which can be found at:
http://evs.nci.nih.gov/ftp1/CTCAE/CTCAE_4.03_2010-06-14_QuickReference_8.5x11.pdf
Measured: 1 year
Endoscopic remission
Defined as a mayo endoscopic subscore of 0 or 1
Measured: 1 year
Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI)
compare the scores in two groups
Measured: 1 year
Fecal calprotectin levels at 12 months
compare the difference of the levels between groups
Measured: 1 year
Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) at 12 months
compare the positivity rate in those with flare
Measured: 1 year
Quality of Life assessed by the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ)
compare the scores in two groups
Measured: 1 year
Patient Reported Outcomes (PRO) Questionnaire
The questionnaire will ask during the study follow up about the psychological aspects of UC patients, the baseline and score on final visit will be compared, as well as between the two groups
Measured: 1 year
Pharmacokinetics study to measure the drug concentration-time courses
compare the absorption rate in two groups and to establish and evaluate the relationships and subsequently describe the effect-time courses of curcumin absorption in blood and colon.
Measured: 1 year
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Apr 2017
- Study start19 Jun 2017
- Primary completion22 May 2020
- Study completion22 May 2020
Why it stopped: Decision made by team of investigators
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (11)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Ulcerative Colitis in RemissionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Chinese University of Hong KongThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 29 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Siew Chien NG, Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Investigators
- Siew Ng, Prof., Principal investigator, Chinese University of Hong Kong
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03122613
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CUR2
- Status last verified
- Oct 2022
- First submitted
- 7 Apr 2017
- Last updated
- 17 Oct 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Dignass A, Lindsay JO, Sturm A, Windsor A, Colombel JF, Allez M, D'Haens G, D'Hoore A, Mantzaris G, Novacek G, Oresland T, Reinisch W, Sans M, Stange E, Vermeire S, Travis S, Van Assche G. Second European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis part 2: current management. J Crohns Colitis. 2012 Dec;6(10):991-1030. doi: 10.1016/j.crohns.2012.09.002. Epub 2012 Oct 3. No abstract available.
PubMed 23040451Feagan BG, Macdonald JK. Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Oct 17;10:CD000544. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000544.pub3.
PubMed 23076890Kane S, Huo D, Aikens J, Hanauer S. Medication nonadherence and the outcomes of patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis. Am J Med. 2003 Jan;114(1):39-43. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01383-9.
PubMed 12543288Kane SV, Cohen RD, Aikens JE, Hanauer SB. Prevalence of nonadherence with maintenance mesalamine in quiescent ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Oct;96(10):2929-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.04683.x.
PubMed 11693328Sewitch MJ, Abrahamowicz M, Barkun A, Bitton A, Wild GE, Cohen A, Dobkin PL. Patient nonadherence to medication in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003 Jul;98(7):1535-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07522.x.
PubMed 12873575Leong RW, Lawrance IC, Ching JY, Cheung CM, Fung SS, Ho JN, Philpott J, Wallace AR, Sung JJ. Knowledge, quality of life, and use of complementary and alternative medicine and therapies in inflammatory bowel disease: a comparison of Chinese and Caucasian patients. Dig Dis Sci. 2004 Oct;49(10):1672-6. doi: 10.1023/b:ddas.0000043384.26092.f4.
PubMed 15573925Bernstein CN. Treatment of IBD: where we are and where we are going. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jan;110(1):114-26. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.357. Epub 2014 Dec 9.
PubMed 25488896Hilsden RJ, Verhoef MJ, Rasmussen H, Porcino A, DeBruyn JC. Use of complementary and alternative medicine by patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011 Feb;17(2):655-62. doi: 10.1002/ibd.21360.
PubMed 20848543Rawsthorne P, Clara I, Graff LA, Bernstein KI, Carr R, Walker JR, Ediger J, Rogala L, Miller N, Bernstein CN. The Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study: a prospective longitudinal evaluation of the use of complementary and alternative medicine services and products. Gut. 2012 Apr;61(4):521-7. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300219. Epub 2011 Aug 11.
PubMed 21836028Gupta SC, Kismali G, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin, a component of turmeric: from farm to pharmacy. Biofactors. 2013 Jan-Feb;39(1):2-13. doi: 10.1002/biof.1079. Epub 2013 Jan 22.
PubMed 23339055Vecchi Brumatti L, Marcuzzi A, Tricarico PM, Zanin V, Girardelli M, Bianco AM. Curcumin and inflammatory bowel disease: potential and limits of innovative treatments. Molecules. 2014 Dec 16;19(12):21127-53. doi: 10.3390/molecules191221127.
PubMed 25521115
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 17 Oct 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Curcumin Versus Placebo for Prevention of Relapse in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03122613
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CUR2
- Conditions
- Ulcerative Colitis in Remission
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- TerminatedReason stopped: Decision made by team of investigators
- Enrolment
- 29 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Chinese University of Hong KongUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 19 Jun 2017 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 22 May 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 22 May 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 21 Apr 2017 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
UC is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder with relapsing and remitting course. The efficacy of mesalazine in preventing relapse in patients with UC is well-known and supported by randomized studies. However, mesalazine can be associated with side-effects. In addition, drug compliance is suboptimal, especially when disease is not active. Curcumin is a natural phytochemical derived from the Indian spice turmeric. It is widely used, has potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumour properties.
The aims of this double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial is to assess the efficacy of curcumin in the prevention of relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).
Detailed description
UC is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder with relapsing and remitting course. The incidence of UC in Hong Kong has increased by 30-fold in the past three decades. The efficacy of mesalazine in preventing relapse in patients with UC is well-known and supported by randomized studies. However, mesalazine can be associated with side-effects. In addition, drug compliance is suboptimal, especially when disease is not active. Without mesalazine, the risk of relapse in UC in one year is approximately 60-70%. Repeated flares are disabling for the patient, and lead to increased hospitalisations, anatomical extension of disease, and increased cancer risk. In Hong Kong, 90 percent of patients with UC have low to medium compliance to mesalazine, and 50 percent would prefer the use of a complementary or alternative therapy to maintain disease remission. Identification of a natural product that is effective, acceptable, inexpensive and non-toxic remains an unmet need in patients with UC.
Curcumin is a natural phytochemical derived from the Indian spice turmeric. It is widely used, has potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumour properties. Preclinical studies in experimental animals showed that curcumin is effective in preventing colitis. We reported in a randomized study that curcumin is effective in the induction of remission in patients with mild to moderately active UC. Although curcumin is popular amongst patients with inflammatory bowel disease, its efficacy in maintaining disease remission in UC is uncertain. We propose a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of curcumin in preventing clinical relapse in patients with UC. Patients will be randomised to 2 gram curcumin once daily or an equivalent placebo for 12 months. The primary outcome is the rate of clinical relapse at 12 months. Secondary outcomes include adverse events, endoscopic remission, fecal calprotectin levels and time to relapse.
Because the use of curcumin is already popular in Asia, this important clinical question will not be a priority of pharmaceutical companies. If proven, this industry-independent trial will be a landmark study that identifies an alternative effective treatment to maintain disease remission in patients with UC. Regardless of the outcome, it will inform clinical practice and provide invaluable data to international guideline committees on the management of this chronic inflammatory disease.
The aims of this double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial is to assess the efficacy of curcumin in the prevention of relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Curcumin | Active comparator | Dietary Supplement: CurcuminDietary supplements of Curcumin capsules |
| Curcumin Placebo | Placebo comparator | Drug: PlaceboIdentical looking placebo of the active arm |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- in clinical remission for at least 1 month, defined as Mayo bowel frequency subscore ≤ 1 and Mayo rectal bleeding subscore = 0 (Table 2).
- a history of at least one flare with symptoms that required intervention within 24 months before screening
- age ≥ 18
- written informed consent obtained
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- receipt of immunosuppressive drugs or corticosteroids within 60 days of screening
- prior bowel surgery except appendectomy
- with severe relapse (Mayo score 9-12) in the last 3 months
- History or evidence of incompletely resected colonic mucosal dysplasia
- on regular curcumin supplements or intake of curry in diet for ≥5 days each week
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| CurcuminAlso: Turmeric3g of Curcumin per day | Dietary supplement | Curcumin |
| PlaceboAlso: Curcumin placebo3g of Curcumin Placebo per day | Drug | Curcumin Placebo |
Primary outcome
The relapse rate at 12 months
Time frame: 1 year
Defined as clinical symptoms (increased bowel frequency with a bowel frequency Mayo subscore ≥ 1 or rectal bleeding with a Mayo rectal bleeding subscore ≥ 1) together with endoscopic evidence of active disease (Mayo endoscopic subscore ≥ 2).
8 secondary outcomes
Adverse events
Time frame: 1 year
Endoscopic remission
Time frame: 1 year
Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI)
Time frame: 1 year
Fecal calprotectin levels at 12 months
Time frame: 1 year
Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) at 12 months
Time frame: 1 year
Quality of Life assessed by the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ)
Time frame: 1 year
Patient Reported Outcomes (PRO) Questionnaire
Time frame: 1 year
Pharmacokinetics study to measure the drug concentration-time courses
Time frame: 1 year
Results and safety
The study was stopped early (reason given: Decision made by team of investigators). Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 17 Oct 2022.
- Background: PubMed 23040451Dignass A, Lindsay JO, Sturm A, Windsor A, Colombel JF, Allez M, D'Haens G, D'Hoore A, Mantzaris G, Novacek G, Oresland T, Reinisch W, Sans M, Stange E, Vermeire S, Travis S, Van Assche G. Second European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis part 2: current management. J Crohns Colitis. 2012 Dec;6(10):991-1030. doi: 10.1016/j.crohns.2012.09.002. Epub 2012 Oct 3. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 23076890Feagan BG, Macdonald JK. Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Oct 17;10:CD000544. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000544.pub3.
- Background: PubMed 12543288Kane S, Huo D, Aikens J, Hanauer S. Medication nonadherence and the outcomes of patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis. Am J Med. 2003 Jan;114(1):39-43. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01383-9.
- Background: PubMed 11693328Kane SV, Cohen RD, Aikens JE, Hanauer SB. Prevalence of nonadherence with maintenance mesalamine in quiescent ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Oct;96(10):2929-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.04683.x.
- Background: PubMed 12873575Sewitch MJ, Abrahamowicz M, Barkun A, Bitton A, Wild GE, Cohen A, Dobkin PL. Patient nonadherence to medication in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003 Jul;98(7):1535-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07522.x.
- Background: PubMed 15573925Leong RW, Lawrance IC, Ching JY, Cheung CM, Fung SS, Ho JN, Philpott J, Wallace AR, Sung JJ. Knowledge, quality of life, and use of complementary and alternative medicine and therapies in inflammatory bowel disease: a comparison of Chinese and Caucasian patients. Dig Dis Sci. 2004 Oct;49(10):1672-6. doi: 10.1023/b:ddas.0000043384.26092.f4.
- Background: PubMed 25488896Bernstein CN. Treatment of IBD: where we are and where we are going. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jan;110(1):114-26. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.357. Epub 2014 Dec 9.
- Background: PubMed 20848543Hilsden RJ, Verhoef MJ, Rasmussen H, Porcino A, DeBruyn JC. Use of complementary and alternative medicine by patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011 Feb;17(2):655-62. doi: 10.1002/ibd.21360.
- Background: PubMed 21836028Rawsthorne P, Clara I, Graff LA, Bernstein KI, Carr R, Walker JR, Ediger J, Rogala L, Miller N, Bernstein CN. The Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study: a prospective longitudinal evaluation of the use of complementary and alternative medicine services and products. Gut. 2012 Apr;61(4):521-7. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300219. Epub 2011 Aug 11.
- Background: PubMed 23339055Gupta SC, Kismali G, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin, a component of turmeric: from farm to pharmacy. Biofactors. 2013 Jan-Feb;39(1):2-13. doi: 10.1002/biof.1079. Epub 2013 Jan 22.
- Background: PubMed 25521115Vecchi Brumatti L, Marcuzzi A, Tricarico PM, Zanin V, Girardelli M, Bianco AM. Curcumin and inflammatory bowel disease: potential and limits of innovative treatments. Molecules. 2014 Dec 16;19(12):21127-53. doi: 10.3390/molecules191221127.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Siew Ng, Prof. principal investigator
Chinese University of Hong Kong
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Curcumin in people with Ulcerative Colitis in Remission, run by Chinese University of Hong Kong at 1 site in Hong Kong.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: stopped early, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Oct 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Hong Kong. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study was stopped early (reason given: Decision made by team of investigators). Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
The relapse rate at 12 months (time frame: 1 year). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03122613, which also lists 11 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Oct 2022.