Abdominal SepsisNCT03163095
Closed or Open Abdomen for the Management of Abdominal Sepsis
A study testing Open Abdomen Management with ANPPT dressing and Closed Abdomen Management in people with Abdominal Sepsis and Abdominal Infection, run by University of Calgary at 1 site in Canada.
Trial summary
This is a prospective randomized clinical study. The study will comprise the randomized decision to either A) primarily close the fascia after laparotomy for intra-abdominal infection (CLOSED); or B) leave the fascia open after laparotomy and apply a temporary abdominal closure (TAC) device (OPEN) with a vacuum drain. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Abdominal Sepsis, Abdominal Infection
- What is being tested?
- Open Abdomen Management with ANPPT dressing and Closed Abdomen Management
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 550 participants
- Where
- 1 siteCanada
- Study dates
- 2 Jun 2019to Dec 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Presence of purulent, feculent, or enteric spillage over at least 2 intra-peritoneal quadrants intra-operatively;
- Septic shock, or
- Predisposition-Infection-Response-Organ Dysfunction Score > 3, or
- World-Society-of-Emergency-Surgery-Sepsis-Severity-Score > 8
Who cannot join
- Pregnant;
- Confirmed or strongly suspected severe IAH (IAP>20 mmHg);
- No intentional of providing ongoing care;
- pancreatitis as the source of peritonitis;
- uncontrolled bleeding
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Canada1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Foothills Medical Centre
Calgary, Alberta, T2N 2T9
Andrew W Kirkpatrick, MD, 403-944-2888, andrew.kirkpatrick@albertahealthservices.ca
Jimmy Xiao, MD, PhD, 403-944-8750, jimmy.xiao@albertahealthservices.ca
About this study
Official title: Closed Versus Open Abdomen in the Surgical Treatment of Severe Secondary Peritonitis: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
This is a prospective randomized clinical study. The study will comprise the randomized decision to either A) primarily close the fascia after laparotomy for intra-abdominal infection (CLOSED); or B) leave the fascia open after laparotomy and apply a temporary abdominal closure (TAC) device (OPEN) with a vacuum drain.
Although debatable, both procedures (CLOSED or OPEN abdomen) are acceptable based on current suggested standard of care. Thus, high quality data to direct clinical decision making in this highly lethal condition is urgently required.
Read the detailed description
Severe complicated intra-abdominal sepsis (SCIAS) is a World-Wide challenge, with high mortality rates, and ever increasing incidence. Most cases are subjected to secondary peritonitis in which there is a physical disruption of the integrity of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract leading to contamination of the peritoneal cavity. Ultimately, the resultant organ damage results in auto-amplifying biomediator generation and systemic inflammation. Mortality rates range from 10% to over 40% when shock is present. The key principles of treating SIAS are early antibiotic administration and the earliest possible operative intervention to provide source control of GI perforations/disruptions. A further potential therapeutic option may be to utilize open abdomen (OA) management with active negative peritoneal pressure therapy (ANPPT) to remove intra-peritoneal inflammatory ascites and to ameliorate the systemic damage from SCIAS. Recent data from a randomized controlled trial including either severe peritonitis or trauma patients, showed the 30-days mortality differed between commercial open abdomen systems and non-commercial technique, which favored the more effective commercial device. Although there is a biologic rationale for such an intervention from animal models as well as non-standardized clinical utilization currently, the open abdomen management with ANPPT remains a novel therapy with much clinical equipoise. Thus, the Closed Or Open after Laparotomy (COOL) study will constitute a prospective randomized controlled trial to address this issue.
There is a complex relationship between pressure, ischemia, and inflammation within the peritoneal cavity. Independently the damaged gut seems to act as a continued source of inflammation propagating systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and potentiating multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Although extremely complicated, visceral ischemia further generates multiple immunological mediators with the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), as well as inhibitive cytokines such as interleukin 10 (IL-10). Post-operative complications associate with increasing levels of systemic IL-6, and peritoneal TNF-α. Jansson and colleagues believe that peritoneal cytokines in humans respond more extensively compared to systemic cytokines, and that a normal postoperative course is characterized by decreasing levels of peritoneal cytokines based on studies of both elective and emergency surgery. Overall, the peritoneal cytokine response is much higher than the systemic response in peritonitis.
ANPPT therapy may be a more direct and focused solution to this complicated problem, and that will be complementary to the other benefits of open abdomen management in the sickest patients. Whether improved post-operative courses can be obtained through this relatively simple approach of actively removing peritoneal cytokines in humans is therefore a secondary objective of this trial.
Another potential benefit of ANPPT after severe infection may be the attendant decompression of the abdominal compartment and prevention of even modest degrees of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). Patients with intra-abdominal infections are at risk of elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) both as a result of the primary intra-peritoneal disease, and as large fluid resuscitation often required maintaining organ perfusion. Recent studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of IAH following aggressive resuscitation of septic patients. Intra-abdominal hypertension is present in as many as 80% of septic medical and surgical ICU patients. Reintam also reported that septic patients with IAH had a 50% rate of mortality compared to 19% without IAH, making IAH a significant marker for an increased risk of death. Within our own institution, rates of IAH were over 87% of septic ICU patients and further 61% of these patients had severe IAH at levels commensurate with abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). Although direct translation to humans is uncertain, even modest degrees of IAH (often clinically ignored) have been found to have profound effects on propagating multiple organ failure in animals with ischemia/intra-peritoneal infections.
The study intervention will comprise the randomized decision to either A) primarily close the fascia after laparotomy for SCIAS (CLOSED); or B) leave the fascia open after laparotomy for SCIAS and apply an ANPPT temporary abdominal closure (TAC) device (OPEN).
Patients will be randomized intra-operatively once it is determined that COMPLICATED and SEVERE Intra-Abdominal Infection (SCIAS) is present. SEVERE will be defined and denoted by the presence of any organ dysfunction exemplified by septic shock OR a Predisposition-Infection-Response-Organ Dysfunction Score > 3 or a World-Society-of-Emergency-Surgery-Sepsis-Severity-Score > 8, and COMPLICATED with the presence of purulent, feculent, or enteric spillage over at least 2 intra-peritoneal quadrants.
- Conditions
- Abdominal Sepsis, Abdominal Infection
- Being tested
- Open Abdomen Management with ANPPT dressing, Closed Abdomen Management
- Keywords
- sepsis, abdominal infection, open abdomen management, Negative pressure peritoneal therapy
- Medical subject headings
- Intraabdominal Infections, Sepsis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Open Abdomen Management with ANPPT dressingDevice
The abdominal fascia will not be closed, but a temporally abdominal closure (TAC) dressing, such as AbThera dressing, will be placed to protect the viscera with active Negative Pressure Peritoneal Therapy.
The time that the TAC dressing will be changed will be left to the discretion of the attending surgeon, but practice guidelines mandate either formal abdominal closure or dressing change at 24-72 hours from placement.
Blood samples and peritoneal fluid will be drawn up to 72 hours after enrollment.
Closed Abdomen ManagementOther
Primary closure of the abdominal fascia with placement of an intra-peritoneal drain (such as a Jackson-Pratt drain).
This strategy will allow drainage of intra-peritoneal fluid for both clinical reasons and to facilitate intra-peritoneal fluid testing. Closure or not of the skin will be left to the attending surgeons discretion. Any decision to perform a relaparotomy (Relaparotomy on Demand) will be at the discretion of the treating critical care teams, and in no way mandated by this recruitment.
Blood samples and peritoneal fluid (if available) will be drawn up to 72 hours after enrollment.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Open Abdomen Management with ANPPT dressing | Active comparator | The abdominal fascia will not be closed, but a temporally abdomenal closure (TAC) dressing (such as AbThera dressing) will be placed to protect the viscera with active Negative Pressure Peritoneal drain. Formal abdominal closure or dressing change at 24-72 hours from placement should be performed. Receives: Device: Open Abdomen Management with ANPPT dressing |
| Closed Abdomen Management | Sham comparator | Primary closure of the abdominal fascia with placement of an intra-peritoneal drain (such as a Jackson-Pratt drain). Any decision to perform a re-laparotomy will be at the discretion of the treating surgical team. Receives: Other: Closed Abdomen Management |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
The numbers of participants who are survival in hospital stay
The rate of survival of participants in both arms
Measured: 90 days after participants enrolled in the study
Secondary outcomes (2)
The days of intensive care unit stay
The median length of days in ICU needed by participants in both arms
Measured: 30 days after participants enrolled in the study
The pg/ml of blood Interleukin-6
The mean concentrations of blood IL-6 in participants in both arms
Measured: 72 hours after participants enrolled in the study
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 May 2017
- Study start2 Jun 2019
- Primary completionJul 2025 (estimated)
- Study completionDec 2025 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (25)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Abdominal SepsisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of CalgaryThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Randomization by blocks on a website.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 550 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Calgary
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Alberta Health services
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Andrew W Kirkpatrick, University of Calgary
- Investigators
- Andrew W Kirkpatrick, MD, Principal investigator, University of Calgary
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03163095
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REB16-1588-the COOL study
- Status last verified
- Feb 2023
- First submitted
- 18 May 2017
- Last updated
- 3 Feb 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Not shared.
Publications
Kirkpatrick AW, Sugrue M, McKee JL, Pereira BM, Roberts DJ, De Waele JJ, Leppaniemi A, Ejike JC, Reintam Blaser A, D'Amours S, De Keulenaer B, Malbrain MLNG. Update from the Abdominal Compartment Society (WSACS) on intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome: past, present, and future beyond Banff 2017. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2017;49(2):83-87. doi: 10.5603/AIT.a2017.0019. Epub 2017 May 14. No abstract available.
PubMed 28502071Xiao Z, Wilson C, Robertson HL, Roberts DJ, Ball CG, Jenne CN, Kirkpatrick AW. Inflammatory mediators in intra-abdominal sepsis or injury - a scoping review. Crit Care. 2015 Oct 27;19:373. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-1093-4.
PubMed 26502877Kirkpatrick AW, Roberts DJ, Faris PD, Ball CG, Kubes P, Tiruta C, Xiao Z, Holodinsky JK, McBeth PB, Doig CJ, Jenne CN. Active Negative Pressure Peritoneal Therapy After Abbreviated Laparotomy: The Intraperitoneal Vacuum Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Surg. 2015 Jul;262(1):38-46. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000001095.
PubMed 25536308Kubiak BD, Albert SP, Gatto LA, Snyder KP, Maier KG, Vieau CJ, Roy S, Nieman GF. Peritoneal negative pressure therapy prevents multiple organ injury in a chronic porcine sepsis and ischemia/reperfusion model. Shock. 2010 Nov;34(5):525-34. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0b013e3181e14cd2.
PubMed 20823698Opal SM, Dellinger RP, Vincent JL, Masur H, Angus DC. The next generation of sepsis clinical trial designs: what is next after the demise of recombinant human activated protein C?*. Crit Care Med. 2014 Jul;42(7):1714-21. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000325.
PubMed 24717456Kirkpatrick AW, Roberts DJ, De Waele J, Jaeschke R, Malbrain ML, De Keulenaer B, Duchesne J, Bjorck M, Leppaniemi A, Ejike JC, Sugrue M, Cheatham M, Ivatury R, Ball CG, Reintam Blaser A, Regli A, Balogh ZJ, D'Amours S, Debergh D, Kaplan M, Kimball E, Olvera C; Pediatric Guidelines Sub-Committee for the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. Intra-abdominal hypertension and the abdominal compartment syndrome: updated consensus definitions and clinical practice guidelines from the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 2013 Jul;39(7):1190-206. doi: 10.1007/s00134-013-2906-z. Epub 2013 May 15.
PubMed 23673399Reintam A, Parm P, Kitus R, Kern H, Starkopf J. Primary and secondary intra-abdominal hypertension--different impact on ICU outcome. Intensive Care Med. 2008 Sep;34(9):1624-31. doi: 10.1007/s00134-008-1134-4. Epub 2008 May 1.
PubMed 18446319Regueira T, Bruhn A, Hasbun P, Aguirre M, Romero C, Llanos O, Castro R, Bugedo G, Hernandez G. Intra-abdominal hypertension: incidence and association with organ dysfunction during early septic shock. J Crit Care. 2008 Dec;23(4):461-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2007.12.013. Epub 2008 Apr 18.
PubMed 19056007Malbrain ML, Chiumello D, Pelosi P, Wilmer A, Brienza N, Malcangi V, Bihari D, Innes R, Cohen J, Singer P, Japiassu A, Kurtop E, De Keulenaer BL, Daelemans R, Del Turco M, Cosimini P, Ranieri M, Jacquet L, Laterre PF, Gattinoni L. Prevalence of intra-abdominal hypertension in critically ill patients: a multicentre epidemiological study. Intensive Care Med. 2004 May;30(5):822-9. doi: 10.1007/s00134-004-2169-9. Epub 2004 Feb 3.
PubMed 14758472De Waele JJ. Abdominal Sepsis. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2016 Aug;18(8):23. doi: 10.1007/s11908-016-0531-z.
PubMed 27363829Leppaniemi A, Kimball EJ, De Laet I, Malbrain ML, Balogh ZJ, De Waele JJ. Management of abdominal sepsis--a paradigm shift? Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2015;47(4):400-8. doi: 10.5603/AIT.a2015.0026. Epub 2015 May 14.
PubMed 25973662Tellor B, Skrupky LP, Symons W, High E, Micek ST, Mazuski JE. Inadequate Source Control and Inappropriate Antibiotics are Key Determinants of Mortality in Patients with Intra-Abdominal Sepsis and Associated Bacteremia. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2015 Dec;16(6):785-93. doi: 10.1089/sur.2014.166. Epub 2015 Aug 10.
PubMed 26258265Tolonen M, Sallinen V, Mentula P, Leppaniemi A. Preoperative prognostic factors for severe diffuse secondary peritonitis: a retrospective study. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2016 Aug;401(5):611-7. doi: 10.1007/s00423-016-1454-8. Epub 2016 May 30.
PubMed 27241334Sartelli M, Viale P, Catena F, Ansaloni L, Moore E, Malangoni M, Moore FA, Velmahos G, Coimbra R, Ivatury R, Peitzman A, Koike K, Leppaniemi A, Biffl W, Burlew CC, Balogh ZJ, Boffard K, Bendinelli C, Gupta S, Kluger Y, Agresta F, Di Saverio S, Wani I, Escalona A, Ordonez C, Fraga GP, Junior GA, Bala M, Cui Y, Marwah S, Sakakushev B, Kong V, Naidoo N, Ahmed A, Abbas A, Guercioni G, Vettoretto N, Diaz-Nieto R, Gerych I, Trana C, Faro MP, Yuan KC, Kok KY, Mefire AC, Lee JG, Hong SK, Ghnnam W, Siribumrungwong B, Sato N, Murata K, Irahara T, Coccolini F, Segovia Lohse HA, Verni A, Shoko T. 2013 WSES guidelines for management of intra-abdominal infections. World J Emerg Surg. 2013 Jan 8;8(1):3. doi: 10.1186/1749-7922-8-3.
PubMed 23294512Sartelli M, Abu-Zidan FM, Catena F, Griffiths EA, Di Saverio S, Coimbra R, Ordonez CA, Leppaniemi A, Fraga GP, Coccolini F, Agresta F, Abbas A, Abdel Kader S, Agboola J, Amhed A, Ajibade A, Akkucuk S, Alharthi B, Anyfantakis D, Augustin G, Baiocchi G, Bala M, Baraket O, Bayrak S, Bellanova G, Beltran MA, Bini R, Boal M, Borodach AV, Bouliaris K, Branger F, Brunelli D, Catani M, Che Jusoh A, Chichom-Mefire A, Cocorullo G, Colak E, Costa D, Costa S, Cui Y, Curca GL, Curry T, Das K, Delibegovic S, Demetrashvili Z, Di Carlo I, Drozdova N, El Zalabany T, Enani MA, Faro M, Gachabayov M, Gimenez Maurel T, Gkiokas G, Gomes CA, Gonsaga RA, Guercioni G, Guner A, Gupta S, Gutierrez S, Hutan M, Ioannidis O, Isik A, Izawa Y, Jain SA, Jokubauskas M, Karamarkovic A, Kauhanen S, Kaushik R, Kenig J, Khokha V, Kim JI, Kong V, Koshy R, Krasniqi A, Kshirsagar A, Kuliesius Z, Lasithiotakis K, Leao P, Lee JG, Leon M, Lizarazu Perez A, Lohsiriwat V, Lopez-Tomassetti Fernandez E, Lostoridis E, Mn R, Major P, Marinis A, Marrelli D, Martinez-Perez A, Marwah S, McFarlane M, Melo RB, Mesina C, Michalopoulos N, Moldovanu R, Mouaqit O, Munyika A, Negoi I, Nikolopoulos I, Nita GE, Olaoye I, Omari A, Ossa PR, Ozkan Z, Padmakumar R, Pata F, Pereira Junior GA, Pereira J, Pintar T, Pouggouras K, Prabhu V, Rausei S, Rems M, Rios-Cruz D, Sakakushev B, Sanchez de Molina ML, Seretis C, Shelat V, Simoes RL, Sinibaldi G, Skrovina M, Smirnov D, Spyropoulos C, Tepp J, Tezcaner T, Tolonen M, Torba M, Ulrych J, Uzunoglu MY, van Dellen D, van Ramshorst GH, Vasquez G, Venara A, Vereczkei A, Vettoretto N, Vlad N, Yadav SK, Yilmaz TU, Yuan KC, Zachariah SK, Zida M, Zilinskas J, Ansaloni L. Global validation of the WSES Sepsis Severity Score for patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections: a prospective multicentre study (WISS Study). World J Emerg Surg. 2015 Dec 16;10:61. doi: 10.1186/s13017-015-0055-0. eCollection 2015.
PubMed 26677396
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Feb 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Closed Versus Open Abdomen in the Surgical Treatment of Severe Secondary Peritonitis: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03163095
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REB16-1588-the COOL study
- Conditions
- Abdominal Sepsis, Abdominal Infection
- Keywords
- sepsis, abdominal infection, open abdomen management, Negative pressure peritoneal therapy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 550 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of CalgaryUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Alberta Health services
- Study start
- 2 Jun 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Jul 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Dec 2025 (estimated)
- First posted
- 22 May 2017 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This is a prospective randomized clinical study. The study will comprise the randomized decision to either A) primarily close the fascia after laparotomy for intra-abdominal infection (CLOSED); or B) leave the fascia open after laparotomy and apply a temporary abdominal closure (TAC) device (OPEN) with a vacuum drain.
Although debatable, both procedures (CLOSED or OPEN abdomen) are acceptable based on current suggested standard of care. Thus, high quality data to direct clinical decision making in this highly lethal condition is urgently required.
Detailed description
Severe complicated intra-abdominal sepsis (SCIAS) is a World-Wide challenge, with high mortality rates, and ever increasing incidence. Most cases are subjected to secondary peritonitis in which there is a physical disruption of the integrity of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract leading to contamination of the peritoneal cavity. Ultimately, the resultant organ damage results in auto-amplifying biomediator generation and systemic inflammation. Mortality rates range from 10% to over 40% when shock is present. The key principles of treating SIAS are early antibiotic administration and the earliest possible operative intervention to provide source control of GI perforations/disruptions. A further potential therapeutic option may be to utilize open abdomen (OA) management with active negative peritoneal pressure therapy (ANPPT) to remove intra-peritoneal inflammatory ascites and to ameliorate the systemic damage from SCIAS. Recent data from a randomized controlled trial including either severe peritonitis or trauma patients, showed the 30-days mortality differed between commercial open abdomen systems and non-commercial technique, which favored the more effective commercial device. Although there is a biologic rationale for such an intervention from animal models as well as non-standardized clinical utilization currently, the open abdomen management with ANPPT remains a novel therapy with much clinical equipoise. Thus, the Closed Or Open after Laparotomy (COOL) study will constitute a prospective randomized controlled trial to address this issue.
There is a complex relationship between pressure, ischemia, and inflammation within the peritoneal cavity. Independently the damaged gut seems to act as a continued source of inflammation propagating systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and potentiating multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Although extremely complicated, visceral ischemia further generates multiple immunological mediators with the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), as well as inhibitive cytokines such as interleukin 10 (IL-10). Post-operative complications associate with increasing levels of systemic IL-6, and peritoneal TNF-α. Jansson and colleagues believe that peritoneal cytokines in humans respond more extensively compared to systemic cytokines, and that a normal postoperative course is characterized by decreasing levels of peritoneal cytokines based on studies of both elective and emergency surgery. Overall, the peritoneal cytokine response is much higher than the systemic response in peritonitis.
ANPPT therapy may be a more direct and focused solution to this complicated problem, and that will be complementary to the other benefits of open abdomen management in the sickest patients. Whether improved post-operative courses can be obtained through this relatively simple approach of actively removing peritoneal cytokines in humans is therefore a secondary objective of this trial.
Another potential benefit of ANPPT after severe infection may be the attendant decompression of the abdominal compartment and prevention of even modest degrees of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). Patients with intra-abdominal infections are at risk of elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) both as a result of the primary intra-peritoneal disease, and as large fluid resuscitation often required maintaining organ perfusion. Recent studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of IAH following aggressive resuscitation of septic patients. Intra-abdominal hypertension is present in as many as 80% of septic medical and surgical ICU patients. Reintam also reported that septic patients with IAH had a 50% rate of mortality compared to 19% without IAH, making IAH a significant marker for an increased risk of death. Within our own institution, rates of IAH were over 87% of septic ICU patients and further 61% of these patients had severe IAH at levels commensurate with abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). Although direct translation to humans is uncertain, even modest degrees of IAH (often clinically ignored) have been found to have profound effects on propagating multiple organ failure in animals with ischemia/intra-peritoneal infections.
The study intervention will comprise the randomized decision to either A) primarily close the fascia after laparotomy for SCIAS (CLOSED); or B) leave the fascia open after laparotomy for SCIAS and apply an ANPPT temporary abdominal closure (TAC) device (OPEN).
Patients will be randomized intra-operatively once it is determined that COMPLICATED and SEVERE Intra-Abdominal Infection (SCIAS) is present. SEVERE will be defined and denoted by the presence of any organ dysfunction exemplified by septic shock OR a Predisposition-Infection-Response-Organ Dysfunction Score > 3 or a World-Society-of-Emergency-Surgery-Sepsis-Severity-Score > 8, and COMPLICATED with the presence of purulent, feculent, or enteric spillage over at least 2 intra-peritoneal quadrants.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Randomization by blocks on a website.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Open Abdomen Management with ANPPT dressing | Active comparator | Device: Open Abdomen Management with ANPPT dressingThe abdominal fascia will not be closed, but a temporally abdomenal closure (TAC) dressing (such as AbThera dressing) will be placed to protect the viscera with active Negative Pressure Peritoneal drain. Formal abdominal closure or dressing change at 24-72 hours from placement should be performed. |
| Closed Abdomen Management | Sham comparator | Other: Closed Abdomen ManagementPrimary closure of the abdominal fascia with placement of an intra-peritoneal drain (such as a Jackson-Pratt drain). Any decision to perform a re-laparotomy will be at the discretion of the treating surgical team. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Presence of purulent, feculent, or enteric spillage over at least 2 intra-peritoneal quadrants intra-operatively;
- Septic shock, or
- Predisposition-Infection-Response-Organ Dysfunction Score > 3, or
- World-Society-of-Emergency-Surgery-Sepsis-Severity-Score > 8
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Pregnant;
- Confirmed or strongly suspected severe IAH (IAP>20 mmHg);
- No intentional of providing ongoing care;
- pancreatitis as the source of peritonitis;
- uncontrolled bleeding
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Open Abdomen Management with ANPPT dressingThe abdominal fascia will not be closed, but a temporally abdominal closure (TAC) dressing, such as AbThera dressing, will be placed to protect the viscera with active Negative Pressure Peritoneal Therapy. The time that the TAC dressing will be changed will be left to the discretion of the attending surgeon, but practice guidelines mandate either formal abdominal closure or dressing change at 24-72 hours from placement. Blood samples and peritoneal fluid will be drawn up to 72 hours after enrollment. | Device | Open Abdomen Management with ANPPT dressing |
| Closed Abdomen ManagementPrimary closure of the abdominal fascia with placement of an intra-peritoneal drain (such as a Jackson-Pratt drain). This strategy will allow drainage of intra-peritoneal fluid for both clinical reasons and to facilitate intra-peritoneal fluid testing. Closure or not of the skin will be left to the attending surgeons discretion. Any decision to perform a relaparotomy (Relaparotomy on Demand) will be at the discretion of the treating critical care teams, and in no way mandated by this recruitment. Blood samples and peritoneal fluid (if available) will be drawn up to 72 hours after enrollment. | Other | Closed Abdomen Management |
Primary outcome
The numbers of participants who are survival in hospital stay
Time frame: 90 days after participants enrolled in the study
The rate of survival of participants in both arms
2 secondary outcomes
The days of intensive care unit stay
Time frame: 30 days after participants enrolled in the study
The pg/ml of blood Interleukin-6
Time frame: 72 hours after participants enrolled in the study
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Feb 2023.
- Background: PubMed 28502071Kirkpatrick AW, Sugrue M, McKee JL, Pereira BM, Roberts DJ, De Waele JJ, Leppaniemi A, Ejike JC, Reintam Blaser A, D'Amours S, De Keulenaer B, Malbrain MLNG. Update from the Abdominal Compartment Society (WSACS) on intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome: past, present, and future beyond Banff 2017. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2017;49(2):83-87. doi: 10.5603/AIT.a2017.0019. Epub 2017 May 14. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 26502877Xiao Z, Wilson C, Robertson HL, Roberts DJ, Ball CG, Jenne CN, Kirkpatrick AW. Inflammatory mediators in intra-abdominal sepsis or injury - a scoping review. Crit Care. 2015 Oct 27;19:373. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-1093-4.
- Results publication: PubMed 25536308Kirkpatrick AW, Roberts DJ, Faris PD, Ball CG, Kubes P, Tiruta C, Xiao Z, Holodinsky JK, McBeth PB, Doig CJ, Jenne CN. Active Negative Pressure Peritoneal Therapy After Abbreviated Laparotomy: The Intraperitoneal Vacuum Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Surg. 2015 Jul;262(1):38-46. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000001095.
- Results publication: PubMed 20823698Kubiak BD, Albert SP, Gatto LA, Snyder KP, Maier KG, Vieau CJ, Roy S, Nieman GF. Peritoneal negative pressure therapy prevents multiple organ injury in a chronic porcine sepsis and ischemia/reperfusion model. Shock. 2010 Nov;34(5):525-34. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0b013e3181e14cd2.
- Results publication: PubMed 24717456Opal SM, Dellinger RP, Vincent JL, Masur H, Angus DC. The next generation of sepsis clinical trial designs: what is next after the demise of recombinant human activated protein C?*. Crit Care Med. 2014 Jul;42(7):1714-21. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000325.
- Results publication: PubMed 23673399Kirkpatrick AW, Roberts DJ, De Waele J, Jaeschke R, Malbrain ML, De Keulenaer B, Duchesne J, Bjorck M, Leppaniemi A, Ejike JC, Sugrue M, Cheatham M, Ivatury R, Ball CG, Reintam Blaser A, Regli A, Balogh ZJ, D'Amours S, Debergh D, Kaplan M, Kimball E, Olvera C; Pediatric Guidelines Sub-Committee for the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. Intra-abdominal hypertension and the abdominal compartment syndrome: updated consensus definitions and clinical practice guidelines from the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 2013 Jul;39(7):1190-206. doi: 10.1007/s00134-013-2906-z. Epub 2013 May 15.
- Results publication: PubMed 18446319Reintam A, Parm P, Kitus R, Kern H, Starkopf J. Primary and secondary intra-abdominal hypertension--different impact on ICU outcome. Intensive Care Med. 2008 Sep;34(9):1624-31. doi: 10.1007/s00134-008-1134-4. Epub 2008 May 1.
- Results publication: PubMed 19056007Regueira T, Bruhn A, Hasbun P, Aguirre M, Romero C, Llanos O, Castro R, Bugedo G, Hernandez G. Intra-abdominal hypertension: incidence and association with organ dysfunction during early septic shock. J Crit Care. 2008 Dec;23(4):461-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2007.12.013. Epub 2008 Apr 18.
- Results publication: PubMed 14758472Malbrain ML, Chiumello D, Pelosi P, Wilmer A, Brienza N, Malcangi V, Bihari D, Innes R, Cohen J, Singer P, Japiassu A, Kurtop E, De Keulenaer BL, Daelemans R, Del Turco M, Cosimini P, Ranieri M, Jacquet L, Laterre PF, Gattinoni L. Prevalence of intra-abdominal hypertension in critically ill patients: a multicentre epidemiological study. Intensive Care Med. 2004 May;30(5):822-9. doi: 10.1007/s00134-004-2169-9. Epub 2004 Feb 3.
- Results publication: PubMed 27363829De Waele JJ. Abdominal Sepsis. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2016 Aug;18(8):23. doi: 10.1007/s11908-016-0531-z.
- Results publication: PubMed 25973662Leppaniemi A, Kimball EJ, De Laet I, Malbrain ML, Balogh ZJ, De Waele JJ. Management of abdominal sepsis--a paradigm shift? Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2015;47(4):400-8. doi: 10.5603/AIT.a2015.0026. Epub 2015 May 14.
- Results publication: PubMed 26258265Tellor B, Skrupky LP, Symons W, High E, Micek ST, Mazuski JE. Inadequate Source Control and Inappropriate Antibiotics are Key Determinants of Mortality in Patients with Intra-Abdominal Sepsis and Associated Bacteremia. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2015 Dec;16(6):785-93. doi: 10.1089/sur.2014.166. Epub 2015 Aug 10.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Not shared.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Andrew W Kirkpatrick, MD principal investigator
University of Calgary
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Open Abdomen Management with ANPPT dressing and Closed Abdomen Management in people with Abdominal Sepsis and Abdominal Infection, run by University of Calgary at 1 site in Canada.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Feb 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Andrew Kirkpatrick, MD (403-944-2888, andrew.kirkpatrick@ahs.ca), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
The numbers of participants who are survival in hospital stay (time frame: 90 days after participants enrolled in the study). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03163095, which also lists 25 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Feb 2023; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 7 Nov 2026.