Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2NCT03207893
Benefits of Continuous Glucose Monitoring With GEM Lifestyle Modification for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
A study testing GEM lifestyle modification & continuous glucose monitoring and Routine Care in people with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, run by University of Virginia at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to determine if the use of continuous glucose monitoring with the GEM lifestyle modification program (Glycemic load, Exercise and Monitoring glucose) will result in better diabetes control than routine care. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 21 to 80 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
- What is being tested?
- GEM lifestyle modification & continuous glucose monitoring and Routine Care
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 24 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 19 Jul 2018to 23 Jan 2020
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 21 to 80 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Type 2 diabetes
- Between the ages of 21 and 80
- Failed on an oral medication regimen (HbA1c > 7.5%).
Who cannot join
- Takes insulin
- Took medications in the last 3 months that impede weight loss (e.g., prednisone)
- Pregnant or contemplating pregnancy in the next 12 months
- Conditions that preclude increasing physical activity (e.g. severe neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/emphysema, osteoarthritis, stroke)
- Severe mental disease (e.g. manic depressive illness, severe depression, or active substance abuse)
- Undergoing treatment for cancer
Show all 10Show fewer
- History of lactic acidosis
- Marked renal impairment (eGFR < 45; stage 3b chronic kidney disease)
- Takes psychotropic medications that raise blood glucose (e.g. atypical antipsychotics)
- Cannot read English.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
University of Virginia, Dept. of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences
Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908
About this study
Official title: Benefits of Adding Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Glycemic Load, Exercise, and Monitoring of Blood Glucose (GEM) for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes - Phase 2
The purpose of this study is to determine if the use of continuous glucose monitoring with the GEM lifestyle modification program (Glycemic load, Exercise and Monitoring glucose) will result in better diabetes control than routine care.
Read the detailed description
Type 2 diabetes (t2d) is a major epidemic of the developing world which has huge fiscal consequences and many physical complications. It is thought to be brought on in part by contemporary easy access to high energy foods and reduced physical activity, resulting in increased belly fat that culminates in growing insulin resistance and subsequent hyperglycemia. Because of ease and efficacy of medication management, t2d is primarily managed with ever-escalating medication use, which significantly contributes to medical cost and possibly the progression of the disease itself.
An effective supplement or alternative to medication management is lifestyle modification. Conventional lifestyle modification focuses on reducing body fat and insulin resistance through weight reduction from caloric restriction and aerobic exercise. Sustained routine application of this approach is limited because some individuals do not need to lose weight, some do not want to lose weight, others cannot lose weight, and when successful, lifelong weight reduction is difficult to sustain. A useful paradigm shift in lifestyle treatment of t2d might be to go from reducing calories to reducing postprandial glucose (PPG), the primary contributor to glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).
PPG spikes can be prevented by replacing high with low glycemic load foods and dampened by engaging in postprandial physical activity. This is exemplified by the integrated Glycemic load, Exercise and Monitoring glucose (GEM) program. It promotes choices of low glycemic load foods and increased physical activity, directed by glucose monitoring feedback. Glucose feedback can: 1) educate people as to what food choices minimize PPG and what physical activity choices directly lower PPG, 2) activate individuals when glucose is out of their desired range by alerting them to make choices to lower high glucose or raise low glucose, and 3) motivate individuals to repeat those choices that resulted in desirable glucose consequences. The educating, activating and motivating benefits of glucose feedback are thought to be qualitatively and quantitatively enhanced through continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).
It is hypothesized that, compared to Routine Care (RC), GEM with CGM (GEM+CGM) administered to adults with t2d who are failing with oral medication management will result in better diabetes control (lower HbA1c), reduced medication management (less medication), and better psychological functioning (e.g. greater sense of empowerment) in the short term (3 month follow-up). Further, it is hypothesized that their reduction in HbA1c will be driven by a reduction in PPG.
- Conditions
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
- Being tested
- GEM lifestyle modification & continuous glucose monitoring, Routine Care
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
GEM lifestyle modification & continuous glucose monitoringBehavioural
Four treatment sessions of GEM lifestyle modification in 3 months and continuous glucose monitoring during the first 14 days of each of the 3 months.
Routine CareOther
Subject's current t2d treatment
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| GEM+CGM | Experimental | GEM lifestyle modification \& continuous glucose monitoring Receives: Behavioral: GEM lifestyle modification & continuous glucose monitoring; Other: Routine Care |
| Routine Care | Active comparator | Subject's current t2d treatment Receives: Other: Routine Care |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
HbA1c
Change in HbA1c measured via blood test
Measured: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
Medication changes
Changes in prescribed medications (type and/or dosage)
Measured: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
Secondary outcomes (11)
change in food choices (ASA24 survey)
ASA24 survey across 3 separate days
Measured: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
change in food choices (energy bar selection)
At assessment visits, subjects will choose between energy bars that do or dont support the intervention principles.
Measured: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
Exercise (Fitbit)
daily activity will be recorded
Measured: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
change in psychological functioning (dietary habits questionnaire)
The Food Questionnaire
Measured: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
change in psychological functioning (quality of life questionnaire)
WHOQO-BREF Questionnaire
Measured: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
change in psychological functioning (depression questionnaire)
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)
Measured: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
change in psychological functioning (numeracy questionnaire)
Numeracy Scale - measures how good one is with numbers
Measured: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
change in psychological functioning (diabetes knowledge questionnaire)
Diabetes Knowledge Scale - measures diabetes knowledge
Measured: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
change in psychological functioning (empowerment questionnaire)
Diabetes Empowerment Scale
Measured: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
Psychological functioning (PAID questionnaire)
Problem Area In Diabetes scale (PAID) - measures concerns about diabetes
Measured: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
change in psychological functioning (attitude towards glucose monitoring questionnaire)
The Glucose Monitoring Satisfaction Survey (GMSS)
Measured: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Jul 2017
- Study start19 Jul 2018
- Primary completion23 Jan 2020
- Study completion23 Jan 2020
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (59)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of VirginiaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 24 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Virginia
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- DexCom, Inc.
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Daniel Cox, PhD, University of Virginia
- Investigators
- Daniel J Cox, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Virginia
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03207893
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 19313
- Status last verified
- Feb 2021
- First submitted
- 28 Oct 2016
- Last updated
- 26 Feb 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, Diamant M, Ferrannini E, Nauck M, Peters AL, Tsapas A, Wender R, Matthews DR; American Diabetes Association (ADA); European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach: position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2012 Jun;35(6):1364-79. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0413. Epub 2012 Apr 19. No abstract available.
PubMed 22517736Cox DJ, Gill Taylor A, Dunning ES, Winston MC, Luk Van IL, McCall A, Singh H, Yancy WS Jr. Impact of behavioral interventions in the management of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Diab Rep. 2013 Dec;13(6):860-8. doi: 10.1007/s11892-013-0423-7.
PubMed 24072477Hill JO, Galloway JM, Goley A, Marrero DG, Minners R, Montgomery B, Peterson GE, Ratner RE, Sanchez E, Aroda VR. Scientific statement: Socioecological determinants of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2013 Aug;36(8):2430-9. doi: 10.2337/dc13-1161. Epub 2013 Jun 20. No abstract available.
PubMed 23788649Whiting DR, Guariguata L, Weil C, Shaw J. IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011 Dec;94(3):311-21. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.10.029. Epub 2011 Nov 12.
PubMed 22079683American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2012. Diabetes Care. 2013 Apr;36(4):1033-46. doi: 10.2337/dc12-2625. Epub 2013 Mar 6.
PubMed 23468086Turner RC, Cull CA, Frighi V, Holman RR. Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. JAMA. 1999 Jun 2;281(21):2005-12. doi: 10.1001/jama.281.21.2005.
PubMed 10359389Ceriello A, Davidson J, Hanefeld M, Leiter L, Monnier L, Owens D, Tajima N, Tuomilehto J; International Prandial Glucose Regulation Study Group. Postprandial hyperglycaemia and cardiovascular complications of diabetes: an update. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2006 Oct;16(7):453-6. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2006.05.006. Epub 2006 Aug 24.
PubMed 16934443Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group; Knowler WC, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Christophi CA, Hoffman HJ, Brenneman AT, Brown-Friday JO, Goldberg R, Venditti E, Nathan DM. 10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Lancet. 2009 Nov 14;374(9702):1677-86. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61457-4. Epub 2009 Oct 29.
PubMed 19878986Look AHEAD Research Group; Wing RR. Long-term effects of a lifestyle intervention on weight and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: four-year results of the Look AHEAD trial. Arch Intern Med. 2010 Sep 27;170(17):1566-75. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.334.
PubMed 20876408Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group; Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP, Goff DC Jr, Bigger JT, Buse JB, Cushman WC, Genuth S, Ismail-Beigi F, Grimm RH Jr, Probstfield JL, Simons-Morton DG, Friedewald WT. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jun 12;358(24):2545-59. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0802743. Epub 2008 Jun 6.
PubMed 18539917Look AHEAD Research Group; Pi-Sunyer X, Blackburn G, Brancati FL, Bray GA, Bright R, Clark JM, Curtis JM, Espeland MA, Foreyt JP, Graves K, Haffner SM, Harrison B, Hill JO, Horton ES, Jakicic J, Jeffery RW, Johnson KC, Kahn S, Kelley DE, Kitabchi AE, Knowler WC, Lewis CE, Maschak-Carey BJ, Montgomery B, Nathan DM, Patricio J, Peters A, Redmon JB, Reeves RS, Ryan DH, Safford M, Van Dorsten B, Wadden TA, Wagenknecht L, Wesche-Thobaben J, Wing RR, Yanovski SZ. Reduction in weight and cardiovascular disease risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes: one-year results of the look AHEAD trial. Diabetes Care. 2007 Jun;30(6):1374-83. doi: 10.2337/dc07-0048. Epub 2007 Mar 15.
PubMed 17363746DiPietro L, Gribok A, Stevens MS, Hamm LF, Rumpler W. Three 15-min bouts of moderate postmeal walking significantly improves 24-h glycemic control in older people at risk for impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care. 2013 Oct;36(10):3262-8. doi: 10.2337/dc13-0084. Epub 2013 Jun 11.
PubMed 23761134Mayer-Davis EJ, D'Agostino R Jr, Karter AJ, Haffner SM, Rewers MJ, Saad M, Bergman RN. Intensity and amount of physical activity in relation to insulin sensitivity: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. JAMA. 1998 Mar 4;279(9):669-74. doi: 10.1001/jama.279.9.669.
PubMed 9496984Ingersoll KS, Banton T, Gorlin E, Vajda K, Singh H, Peterson N, Gonder-Frederick L, Cox DJ. Motivational Interviewing Support for a Behavioral Health Internet Intervention for Drivers with Type 1 Diabetes. Internet Interv. 2015 May 1;2(2):103-109. doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2015.02.001.
PubMed 25774342Hostmark AT, Ekeland GS, Beckstrom AC, Meen HD. Postprandial light physical activity blunts the blood glucose increase. Prev Med. 2006 May;42(5):369-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2005.10.001. Epub 2006 Mar 20.
PubMed 16549107
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 Feb 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Benefits of Adding Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Glycemic Load, Exercise, and Monitoring of Blood Glucose (GEM) for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes - Phase 2
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03207893
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 19313
- Conditions
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 24 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of VirginiaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- DexCom, Inc.
- Study start
- 19 Jul 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 23 Jan 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 23 Jan 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 5 Jul 2017 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to determine if the use of continuous glucose monitoring with the GEM lifestyle modification program (Glycemic load, Exercise and Monitoring glucose) will result in better diabetes control than routine care.
Detailed description
Type 2 diabetes (t2d) is a major epidemic of the developing world which has huge fiscal consequences and many physical complications. It is thought to be brought on in part by contemporary easy access to high energy foods and reduced physical activity, resulting in increased belly fat that culminates in growing insulin resistance and subsequent hyperglycemia. Because of ease and efficacy of medication management, t2d is primarily managed with ever-escalating medication use, which significantly contributes to medical cost and possibly the progression of the disease itself.
An effective supplement or alternative to medication management is lifestyle modification. Conventional lifestyle modification focuses on reducing body fat and insulin resistance through weight reduction from caloric restriction and aerobic exercise. Sustained routine application of this approach is limited because some individuals do not need to lose weight, some do not want to lose weight, others cannot lose weight, and when successful, lifelong weight reduction is difficult to sustain. A useful paradigm shift in lifestyle treatment of t2d might be to go from reducing calories to reducing postprandial glucose (PPG), the primary contributor to glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).
PPG spikes can be prevented by replacing high with low glycemic load foods and dampened by engaging in postprandial physical activity. This is exemplified by the integrated Glycemic load, Exercise and Monitoring glucose (GEM) program. It promotes choices of low glycemic load foods and increased physical activity, directed by glucose monitoring feedback. Glucose feedback can: 1) educate people as to what food choices minimize PPG and what physical activity choices directly lower PPG, 2) activate individuals when glucose is out of their desired range by alerting them to make choices to lower high glucose or raise low glucose, and 3) motivate individuals to repeat those choices that resulted in desirable glucose consequences. The educating, activating and motivating benefits of glucose feedback are thought to be qualitatively and quantitatively enhanced through continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).
It is hypothesized that, compared to Routine Care (RC), GEM with CGM (GEM+CGM) administered to adults with t2d who are failing with oral medication management will result in better diabetes control (lower HbA1c), reduced medication management (less medication), and better psychological functioning (e.g. greater sense of empowerment) in the short term (3 month follow-up). Further, it is hypothesized that their reduction in HbA1c will be driven by a reduction in PPG.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| GEM+CGM | Experimental | Behavioral: GEM lifestyle modification & continuous glucose monitoring, Other: Routine CareGEM lifestyle modification \& continuous glucose monitoring |
| Routine Care | Active comparator | Other: Routine CareSubject's current t2d treatment |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 21 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Type 2 diabetes
- Between the ages of 21 and 80
- Failed on an oral medication regimen (HbA1c > 7.5%).
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- Takes insulin
- Took medications in the last 3 months that impede weight loss (e.g., prednisone)
- Pregnant or contemplating pregnancy in the next 12 months
- Conditions that preclude increasing physical activity (e.g. severe neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/emphysema, osteoarthritis, stroke)
- Severe mental disease (e.g. manic depressive illness, severe depression, or active substance abuse)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| GEM lifestyle modification & continuous glucose monitoringFour treatment sessions of GEM lifestyle modification in 3 months and continuous glucose monitoring during the first 14 days of each of the 3 months. | Behavioural | GEM+CGM |
| Routine CareSubject's current t2d treatment | Other | GEM+CGM, Routine Care |
Primary outcome
HbA1c
Time frame: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
Change in HbA1c measured via blood test
Medication changes
Time frame: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
Changes in prescribed medications (type and/or dosage)
11 secondary outcomes
change in food choices (ASA24 survey)
Time frame: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
change in food choices (energy bar selection)
Time frame: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
Exercise (Fitbit)
Time frame: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
change in psychological functioning (dietary habits questionnaire)
Time frame: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
change in psychological functioning (quality of life questionnaire)
Time frame: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
change in psychological functioning (depression questionnaire)
Time frame: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
change in psychological functioning (numeracy questionnaire)
Time frame: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
change in psychological functioning (diabetes knowledge questionnaire)
Time frame: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
change in psychological functioning (empowerment questionnaire)
Time frame: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
Psychological functioning (PAID questionnaire)
Time frame: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
change in psychological functioning (attitude towards glucose monitoring questionnaire)
Time frame: baseline, 3 months post-intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 Feb 2021.
- Background: PubMed 22517736Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, Diamant M, Ferrannini E, Nauck M, Peters AL, Tsapas A, Wender R, Matthews DR; American Diabetes Association (ADA); European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach: position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2012 Jun;35(6):1364-79. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0413. Epub 2012 Apr 19. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 24072477Cox DJ, Gill Taylor A, Dunning ES, Winston MC, Luk Van IL, McCall A, Singh H, Yancy WS Jr. Impact of behavioral interventions in the management of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Diab Rep. 2013 Dec;13(6):860-8. doi: 10.1007/s11892-013-0423-7.
- Background: PubMed 23788649Hill JO, Galloway JM, Goley A, Marrero DG, Minners R, Montgomery B, Peterson GE, Ratner RE, Sanchez E, Aroda VR. Scientific statement: Socioecological determinants of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2013 Aug;36(8):2430-9. doi: 10.2337/dc13-1161. Epub 2013 Jun 20. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 22079683Whiting DR, Guariguata L, Weil C, Shaw J. IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011 Dec;94(3):311-21. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.10.029. Epub 2011 Nov 12.
- Background: PubMed 23468086American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2012. Diabetes Care. 2013 Apr;36(4):1033-46. doi: 10.2337/dc12-2625. Epub 2013 Mar 6.
- Background: PubMed 10359389Turner RC, Cull CA, Frighi V, Holman RR. Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. JAMA. 1999 Jun 2;281(21):2005-12. doi: 10.1001/jama.281.21.2005.
- Background: PubMed 16934443Ceriello A, Davidson J, Hanefeld M, Leiter L, Monnier L, Owens D, Tajima N, Tuomilehto J; International Prandial Glucose Regulation Study Group. Postprandial hyperglycaemia and cardiovascular complications of diabetes: an update. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2006 Oct;16(7):453-6. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2006.05.006. Epub 2006 Aug 24.
- Background: PubMed 19878986Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group; Knowler WC, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Christophi CA, Hoffman HJ, Brenneman AT, Brown-Friday JO, Goldberg R, Venditti E, Nathan DM. 10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Lancet. 2009 Nov 14;374(9702):1677-86. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61457-4. Epub 2009 Oct 29.
- Background: PubMed 20876408Look AHEAD Research Group; Wing RR. Long-term effects of a lifestyle intervention on weight and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: four-year results of the Look AHEAD trial. Arch Intern Med. 2010 Sep 27;170(17):1566-75. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.334.
- Background: PubMed 18539917Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group; Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP, Goff DC Jr, Bigger JT, Buse JB, Cushman WC, Genuth S, Ismail-Beigi F, Grimm RH Jr, Probstfield JL, Simons-Morton DG, Friedewald WT. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jun 12;358(24):2545-59. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0802743. Epub 2008 Jun 6.
- Background: PubMed 17363746Look AHEAD Research Group; Pi-Sunyer X, Blackburn G, Brancati FL, Bray GA, Bright R, Clark JM, Curtis JM, Espeland MA, Foreyt JP, Graves K, Haffner SM, Harrison B, Hill JO, Horton ES, Jakicic J, Jeffery RW, Johnson KC, Kahn S, Kelley DE, Kitabchi AE, Knowler WC, Lewis CE, Maschak-Carey BJ, Montgomery B, Nathan DM, Patricio J, Peters A, Redmon JB, Reeves RS, Ryan DH, Safford M, Van Dorsten B, Wadden TA, Wagenknecht L, Wesche-Thobaben J, Wing RR, Yanovski SZ. Reduction in weight and cardiovascular disease risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes: one-year results of the look AHEAD trial. Diabetes Care. 2007 Jun;30(6):1374-83. doi: 10.2337/dc07-0048. Epub 2007 Mar 15.
- Background: PubMed 23761134DiPietro L, Gribok A, Stevens MS, Hamm LF, Rumpler W. Three 15-min bouts of moderate postmeal walking significantly improves 24-h glycemic control in older people at risk for impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care. 2013 Oct;36(10):3262-8. doi: 10.2337/dc13-0084. Epub 2013 Jun 11.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Daniel J Cox, PhD principal investigator
University of Virginia
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing GEM lifestyle modification & continuous glucose monitoring and Routine Care in people with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, run by University of Virginia at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Feb 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
HbA1c (time frame: baseline, 3 months post-intervention). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03207893, which also lists 59 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Feb 2021.